{ "$schema": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases.schema.json", "name": "Market Manipulation enforcement case library", "description": "Structured records of market manipulation enforcement actions brought by financial regulators, each linked to the primary source document on the issuing regulator’s own site.", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenseNote": "Our compilation, classification and written summaries are CC BY 4.0 — free to reuse with attribution. The underlying US federal releases are works of the United States government and are not subject to copyright.", "attribution": "Market Manipulation (https://marketmanipulation.org)", "generatedAt": "2026-09-08T19:02:48.478Z", "count": 2117, "caveats": [ "This records enforcement, not conduct. It cannot tell you how much market manipulation occurs.", "Records with reviewed=false were extracted automatically and have not yet been checked by a person. Verify against releaseUrl before relying on any figure.", "Technique tags are our editorial classification, not the charges brought. Regulators charge statutory provisions.", "Where status is \"filed\", the conduct is alleged and unproven.", "Monetary fields are nominal US dollars. Actions denominated in other currencies carry null monetary fields rather than a converted figure." ], "fields": { "slug": "Stable identifier, also the URL path segment under /cases/.", "agency": "Issuing regulator.", "releaseUrl": "The primary source document on the regulator’s own domain.", "status": "filed | settled | judgment | dismissed | appealed | unknown.", "techniques": "Our technique tags. See /techniques/ for definitions.", "penaltyUsd": "Civil monetary penalty. Distinct from disgorgement; do not add them and call it a fine.", "reviewed": "Whether a person has checked this record." }, "cases": [ { "slug": "sec-mark-d-hanf-paid-stock-promotion-2026", "title": "SEC v. Mark D. Hanf and Hoai-Nam Chu Phan a/k/a Nam Phan (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26627", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26627", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-09-04", "dateResolved": "2026-09-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark D. Hanf", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hoai-Nam Chu Phan a/k/a Nam Phan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mark D. Hanf and Hoai-Nam Chu Phan a/k/a Nam Phan, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 4, 2026 as release LR-26627. The respondents named are Mark D. Hanf and Hoai-Nam Chu Phan a/k/a Nam Phan (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26627" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26627" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-d-hanf-paid-stock-promotion-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-trijya-vakil-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26629", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26629", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-09-04", "dateResolved": "2026-09-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Trijya Vakil", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Neeraj Visen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 4, 2026 as release LR-26629. The respondents named are Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26629" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26629" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-trijya-vakil-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-corey-ortiz-free-riding-and-parking-2026", "title": "SEC v. Corey Ortiz (free riding and parking, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26626", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26626", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-09-03", "dateResolved": "2026-09-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Corey Ortiz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 199710, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Corey Ortiz, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records disgorgement of $199,710. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2026 as release LR-26626. The respondents named are Corey Ortiz (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $199,710. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26626" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26626" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-corey-ortiz-free-riding-and-parking-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-t-gilchrist-christopher-aaron-novinger-rebecca-novinger-ponzi-schemes-", "title": "SEC v. David T. Gilchrist, Christopher Aaron Novinger, Rebecca Novinger (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26624", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26624", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-09-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "David T. Gilchrist, Christopher Aaron Novinger, Rebecca Novinger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David T. Gilchrist, Christopher Aaron Novinger, Rebecca Novinger, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 1, 2026 as release LR-26624. The respondents named are David T. Gilchrist, Christopher Aaron Novinger, Rebecca Novinger (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26624" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26624" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-t-gilchrist-christopher-aaron-novinger-rebecca-novinger-ponzi-schemes-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mordechai-haim-ferder-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Mordechai Haim Ferder and others (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26625", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26625", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26625.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-09-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mordechai Haim Ferder", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Simba IL Holdings LLC, Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mordechai Haim Ferder", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Edit Fintzi Ferder in Their Capacities as Trustees of the Haim Family Trust, TF 2021 Irrevocable Trust,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "RF 2021 Irrevocable Trust, Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mordechai Haim Ferder and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 1, 2026 as release LR-26625. The respondents named are Mordechai Haim Ferder and 4 others (2 individuals, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26625" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26625" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26625.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mordechai-haim-ferder-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-gabriel-perez-insider-trading-2026", "title": "CFTC v. Gabriel Perez (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9289-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9289-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14536/Enf_PerezConsentOrder082826/download", "dateFiled": "2026-08-28", "dateResolved": "2026-08-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gabriel Perez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 65000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Gabriel Perez, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $65,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2026 as release 9289-26. The respondents named are Gabriel Perez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $65,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9289-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9289-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14536/Enf_PerezConsentOrder082826/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-gabriel-perez-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mayur-baviskar-free-riding-and-parking-2026", "title": "SEC v. Mayur Baviskar (free riding and parking, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26618", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26618", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-26", "dateResolved": "2026-08-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mayur Baviskar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mayur Baviskar, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 26, 2026 as release LR-26618. The respondents named are Mayur Baviskar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26618" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26618" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mayur-baviskar-free-riding-and-parking-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gavin-wolfe-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Gavin Wolfe and others (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26617", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26617", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gavin Wolfe", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jason Satsky, Defendants", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "SA 1083 LLC, Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gavin Wolfe, Jason Satsky, Defendants and SA 1083 LLC, Relief Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2026 as release LR-26617. The respondents named are Gavin Wolfe, Jason Satsky, Defendants and SA 1083 LLC, Relief Defendants (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26617" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26617" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gavin-wolfe-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jesse-r-mitchell-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Jesse R. Mitchell (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26614", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26614", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/comp26614.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-08-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jesse R. Mitchell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jesse R. Mitchell, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2026 as release LR-26614. The respondents named are Jesse R. Mitchell (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26614" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26614" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/comp26614.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jesse-r-mitchell-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-spaventa-boiler-rooms-2026", "title": "SEC v. Andrew Spaventa and others (boiler rooms, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26611", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26611", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew Spaventa", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The Spaventa Group LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "TSG Capital Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "TSG Alpha Partners LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew Spaventa, The Spaventa Group LLC, TSG Capital Advisors LLC and TSG Alpha Partners LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2026 as release LR-26611. The respondents named are Andrew Spaventa, The Spaventa Group LLC, TSG Capital Advisors LLC and TSG Alpha Partners LLC (1 individual, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26611" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26611" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-spaventa-boiler-rooms-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-leor-moshe-jacob-goldman-isaac-odes-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Leor Moshe, Jacob Goldman, Isaac Odes (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26610", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26610", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Leor Moshe, Jacob Goldman, Isaac Odes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Leor Moshe, Jacob Goldman, Isaac Odes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2026 as release LR-26610. The respondents named are Leor Moshe, Jacob Goldman, Isaac Odes (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26610" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26610" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-leor-moshe-jacob-goldman-isaac-odes-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-goliath-ventures-inc-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "CFTC v. Goliath Ventures Inc. and CEO (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9280-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9280-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14466/Enf_GoliathComplaint081126/download", "dateFiled": "2026-08-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Goliath Ventures Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "CEO", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Goliath Ventures Inc. and CEO, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2026 as release 9280-26. The respondents named are Goliath Ventures Inc. and CEO (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9280-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9280-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14466/Enf_GoliathComplaint081126/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-goliath-ventures-inc-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-tesfaye-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Tesfaye (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26609", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26609", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-11", "dateResolved": "2026-08-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Tesfaye", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 18668, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2168, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Benjamin Tesfaye, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $18,668, prejudgment interest of $2,168.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2026 as release LR-26609. The respondents named are Benjamin Tesfaye (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $18,668, prejudgment interest of $2,168. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26609" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26609" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-tesfaye-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-goliath-ventures-inc-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Goliath Ventures, Inc. and Christopher A. Delgado (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26608", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26608", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-08-11", "dateResolved": "2026-08-11", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Goliath Ventures, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher A. Delgado", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Goliath Ventures, Inc. and Christopher A. Delgado, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2026 as release LR-26608. The respondents named are Goliath Ventures, Inc. and Christopher A. Delgado (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26608" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26608" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-goliath-ventures-inc-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-m-cerisano-jr-spoofing-2026", "title": "SEC v. Frank M. Cerisano Jr. (spoofing, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26606", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26606", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26606.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-08-10", "dateResolved": "2026-08-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank M. Cerisano Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1115672, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frank M. Cerisano Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2026 as release LR-26606. The respondents named are Frank M. Cerisano Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26606" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26606" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26606.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-m-cerisano-jr-spoofing-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gotbit-consulting-llc-a-k-a-gotbit-hedge-fund-wash-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov (wash trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26598", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26598", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26598.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-08-03", "dateResolved": "2026-08-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Fedor Kedrov", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2026 as release LR-26598. The respondents named are Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26598" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26598" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26598.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26598-gotbit-consulting.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Gotbit Consulting LLC" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/consent-26598gotbit-consulting.pdf", "label": "Consent - Gotbit Consulting LLC" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/dismissal26598-fedor-kedrov.pdf", "label": "Dismissal - Fedor Kedrov" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gotbit-consulting-llc-a-k-a-gotbit-hedge-fund-wash-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-george-santos-price-manipulation-2026", "title": "CFTC v. George Santos (price manipulation, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9276-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9276-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14451/ENF_SantosOrder073126/download", "dateFiled": "2026-07-31", "dateResolved": "2026-07-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George Santos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 35000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against George Santos, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $35,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2026 as release 9276-26. The respondents named are George Santos (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $35,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-31", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9276-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9276-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14451/ENF_SantosOrder073126/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-george-santos-price-manipulation-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aras-investment-business-group-s-a-p-i-de-c-v-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Aras Investment Business Group S.A.P.I. de C.V. and others (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26595", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26595", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-07-24", "dateResolved": "2026-07-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Aras Investment Business Group S.A.P.I. de C.V.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Armando Gutierrez Rosas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Maria de Lourdes Tolentino Roque", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Diayanira Rendon Trejo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Efren Quiroz Gardea", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Luis Quiroz Gardea", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Aras Investment Business Group S.A.P.I. de C.V. and 5 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 24, 2026 as release LR-26595. The respondents named are Aras Investment Business Group S.A.P.I. de C.V. and 5 others (5 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26595" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26595" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aras-investment-business-group-s-a-p-i-de-c-v-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jamal-jimmy-chammout-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Jamal (“Jimmy”) Chammout and others (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26589", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26589", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-07-17", "dateResolved": "2026-07-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jamal (“Jimmy”) Chammout", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ali El Siblani", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ali Jawad", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rabih Rakha", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 497124, "disgorgementUsd": 218082, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 72364, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jamal (“Jimmy”) Chammout, Ali El Siblani, Ali Jawad and Rabih Rakha, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $497,124, disgorgement of $218,082, prejudgment interest of $72,364.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2026 as release LR-26589. The respondents named are Jamal (“Jimmy”) Chammout, Ali El Siblani, Ali Jawad and Rabih Rakha (4 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $497,124, disgorgement of $218,082, prejudgment interest of $72,364. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26589" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26589" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jamal-jimmy-chammout-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-forster-pump-and-dump-2026", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Forster (pump and dump, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26586", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26586", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-07-15", "dateResolved": "2026-07-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Forster", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 144320, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael J. Forster, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $144,320. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2026 as release LR-26586. The respondents named are Michael J. Forster (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $144,320. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26586" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26586" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-forster-pump-and-dump-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joshua-a-weiss-paid-stock-promotion-2026", "title": "SEC v. Joshua A. Weiss (paid stock promotion, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105880", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105880.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105880.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-07-10", "dateResolved": "2026-07-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joshua A. Weiss", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joshua A. Weiss, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2026 as release 34-105880. The respondents named are Joshua A. Weiss (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105880.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105880.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joshua-a-weiss-paid-stock-promotion-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-yedid-andrew-kaufman-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Robert Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, and Mark Jacobs (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26582", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26582", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-07-10", "dateResolved": "2026-07-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Yedid, Andrew Kaufman,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Jacobs", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, and Mark Jacobs, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2026 as release LR-26582. The respondents named are Robert Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, and Mark Jacobs (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26582" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26582" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26582-robert-yedid.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Robert Yedid" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26582-andrew-kaufman.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Andrew Kaufman" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26582-mark-jacobs.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Mark Jacobs" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26582-mark-jacobs.pdf", "label": "Consent Motion for Final Judgments" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/lr-26582-declaration-nancy-iheanacho.pdf", "label": "Declaration of Nancy Iheanacho" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/lr-26585-appendix-nancy-iheanacho-declaration.pdf", "label": "Declaration of Nancy Iheanacho - Appendix A" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/lr-26585-appendix-b-nancy-iheanacho-declaration.pdf", "label": "Declaration of Nancy Iheanacho - Appendix B" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-yedid-andrew-kaufman-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-weiguo-zhai-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Weiguo Zhai (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26581", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26581", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-07-09", "dateResolved": "2026-07-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Maryland", "defendants": [ { "name": "Weiguo Zhai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 10006, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10006, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1535, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Weiguo Zhai, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $10,006, prejudgment interest of $1,535.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 9, 2026 as release LR-26581. The respondents named are Weiguo Zhai (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Maryland.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,006, prejudgment interest of $1,535. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26581" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26581" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-weiguo-zhai-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-north-carolina-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "CFTC v. North Carolina Commodity Pool Operator and His Company (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9264-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9264-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14301/ENF_VernonComplaint070726/download", "dateFiled": "2026-07-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Carolina Commodity Pool Operator", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against North Carolina Commodity Pool Operator and His Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2026 as release 9264-26. The respondents named are North Carolina Commodity Pool Operator and His Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9264-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9264-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14301/ENF_VernonComplaint070726/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-north-carolina-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nanobit-limited-et-al-chat-group-pumps-2026", "title": "SEC v. NanoBit Limited, et al. (chat group pumps, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26576", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26576", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-29", "dateResolved": "2026-06-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "NanoBit Limited, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1182251, "disgorgementUsd": 532649, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 81957, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against NanoBit Limited, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million, disgorgement of $532,649, prejudgment interest of $81,957.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2026 as release LR-26576. The respondents named are NanoBit Limited, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million, disgorgement of $532,649, prejudgment interest of $81,957. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26576" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26576" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26576.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nanobit-limited-et-al-chat-group-pumps-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-j-czarnik-paid-stock-promotion-2026", "title": "SEC v. Stephen J. Czarnik (paid stock promotion, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105800", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105800.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105800.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-06-29", "dateResolved": "2026-06-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen J. Czarnik", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Stephen J. Czarnik, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2026 as release 34-105800. The respondents named are Stephen J. Czarnik (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105800.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105800.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-j-czarnik-paid-stock-promotion-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mingran-wang-spoofing-2026", "title": "SEC v. Mingran Wang (spoofing, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26574", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26574", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-25", "dateResolved": "2026-06-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mingran Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1300000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mingran Wang, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2026 as release LR-26574. The respondents named are Mingran Wang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26574" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26574" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mingran-wang-spoofing-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-casey-muggleston-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Casey Muggleston (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26573", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26573", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/comp26573.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-06-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Delaware", "defendants": [ { "name": "Casey Muggleston", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Casey Muggleston, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2026 as release LR-26573. The respondents named are Casey Muggleston (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26573" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26573" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/comp26573.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-casey-muggleston-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sanders-family-office-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Sanders Family Office and others (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26571", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26571", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-24", "dateResolved": "2026-06-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sanders Family Office", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Margaret Sanders", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Francisco J. Herrera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2977100, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sanders Family Office, Margaret Sanders and Francisco J. Herrera, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $3.0 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2026 as release LR-26571. The respondents named are Sanders Family Office, Margaret Sanders and Francisco J. Herrera (3 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3.0 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26571" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26571" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sanders-family-office-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-jennings-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Justin Jennings and Vortex Strategies LLC (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26570", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26570", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Jennings", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Vortex Strategies LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2700000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Justin Jennings and Vortex Strategies LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 23, 2026 as release LR-26570. The respondents named are Justin Jennings and Vortex Strategies LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26570" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26570" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-jennings-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-cameron-conway-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Cameron Conway (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26568", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26568", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-16", "dateResolved": "2026-06-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Cameron Conway", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bruce Cameron Conway, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 16, 2026 as release LR-26568. The respondents named are Bruce Cameron Conway (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26568" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26568" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-cameron-conway-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gerard-ryan-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Gerard Ryan (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26566", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26566", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26566.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-06-15", "dateResolved": "2026-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gerard Ryan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 9260, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gerard Ryan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2026 as release LR-26566. The respondents named are Gerard Ryan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26566" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26566" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26566.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26566.pdf", "label": "Judgment - Gerard Ryan" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gerard-ryan-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rakesh-ahuja-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Rakesh Ahuja (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26567", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26567", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-15", "dateResolved": "2026-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rakesh Ahuja", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rakesh Ahuja, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2026 as release LR-26567. The respondents named are Rakesh Ahuja (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26567" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26567" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rakesh-ahuja-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-santos-kidd-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Santos Kidd (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26565", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26565", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-12", "dateResolved": "2026-06-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Santos Kidd", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 285156, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 37467, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Santos Kidd, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $285,156, prejudgment interest of $37,467.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2026 as release LR-26565. The respondents named are Santos Kidd (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $285,156, prejudgment interest of $37,467. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26565" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26565" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-santos-kidd-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jianqing-li-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. JianQing Li (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26561", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26561", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-06-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "JianQing Li", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against JianQing Li, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2026 as release LR-26561. The respondents named are JianQing Li (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26561" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26561" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jianqing-li-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathan-fuller-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Nathan Fuller (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26558", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26558", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-05-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathan Fuller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nathan Fuller, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 29, 2026 as release LR-26558. The respondents named are Nathan Fuller (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26558" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26558" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathan-fuller-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-google-employee-insider-trading-2026", "title": "CFTC v. Google Employee (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9237-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9237-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14046/ENF_SpagnuoloComplaint052726/download", "dateFiled": "2026-05-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Google Employee", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1200000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Google Employee, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 28, 2026 as release 9237-26. The respondents named are Google Employee (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9237-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9237-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/14046/ENF_SpagnuoloComplaint052726/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-google-employee-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nipun-kumar-jami-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Nipun Kumar Jami (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105550", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105550-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105550.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-05-22", "dateResolved": "2026-05-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nipun Kumar Jami", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 1317233, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1317233, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nipun Kumar Jami, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2026 as release 34-105550. The respondents named are Nipun Kumar Jami (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105550-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105550.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nipun-kumar-jami-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gabriel-gershowitz-esq-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Gabriel Gershowitz, Esq. (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105499", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105499.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105499.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-05-18", "dateResolved": "2026-05-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gabriel Gershowitz, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gabriel Gershowitz, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 18, 2026 as release 34-105499. The respondents named are Gabriel Gershowitz, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105499.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105499.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gabriel-gershowitz-esq-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oskar-elmgart-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Oskar Elmgart and Raymond Leibman (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26556", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26556", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-05-18", "dateResolved": "2026-05-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Oskar Elmgart", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Raymond Leibman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 63050, "disgorgementUsd": 63050, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6173, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Oskar Elmgart and Raymond Leibman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $63,050, disgorgement of $63,050, prejudgment interest of $6,173.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 18, 2026 as release LR-26556. The respondents named are Oskar Elmgart and Raymond Leibman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $63,050, disgorgement of $63,050, prejudgment interest of $6,173. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26556" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26556" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oskar-elmgart-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-newell-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Robert Newell (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26553", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26553", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-05-14", "dateResolved": "2026-05-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Newell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Newell, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2026 as release LR-26553. The respondents named are Robert Newell (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26553" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26553" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26553.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Robert Newell" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-newell-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-p-farr-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Douglas P. Farr (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105415", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105415.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105415.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-05-07", "dateResolved": "2026-05-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas P. Farr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 35185, "disgorgementUsd": 35185, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1255, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Douglas P. Farr, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $35,185, disgorgement of $35,185, prejudgment interest of $1,255.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 7, 2026 as release 34-105415. The respondents named are Douglas P. Farr (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $35,185, disgorgement of $35,185, prejudgment interest of $1,255. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105415.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105415.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-p-farr-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicolo-nourafchan-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Nicolo Nourafchan and others (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26551", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26551", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-05-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicolo Nourafchan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Yadgarov", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Alperin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Miakel Bishay", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David Bratslavsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Brian Fensterszaub", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Fensterszaub", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Simon Fensterszaub", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gabriel Gershowitz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Fernando Grinberg", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Boruch Hatanian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Yisroel Horowitz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nicolo Nourafchan and 11 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 7, 2026 as release LR-26551. The respondents named are Nicolo Nourafchan and 11 others (12 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26551" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26551" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicolo-nourafchan-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-trader-spoofing-2026", "title": "CFTC v. New York Trader (spoofing, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9227-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9227-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13841/ENFLebentalOrder050126/download", "dateFiled": "2026-05-06", "dateResolved": "2026-05-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against New York Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2026 as release 9227-26. The respondents named are New York Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9227-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9227-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13841/ENFLebentalOrder050126/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-trader-spoofing-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-flagg-free-riding-and-parking-2026", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Flagg and others (free riding and parking, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26545", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26545", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-04-30", "dateResolved": "2026-04-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Flagg", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daquan Lloyd", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Travis Treusch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 56390, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher Flagg, Daquan Lloyd and Travis Treusch, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records disgorgement of $56,390. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2026 as release LR-26545. The respondents named are Christopher Flagg, Daquan Lloyd and Travis Treusch (3 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $56,390. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26545" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26545" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-flagg-free-riding-and-parking-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jai-sondhi-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Jai Sondhi (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26542", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26542", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26542.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-29", "dateResolved": "2026-04-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jai Sondhi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jai Sondhi, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 29, 2026 as release LR-26542. The respondents named are Jai Sondhi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26542" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26542" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26542.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jai-sondhi-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-terrence-chalk-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Terrence Chalk (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26540", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26540", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-04-27", "dateResolved": "2026-04-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Terrence Chalk", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1731423, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Terrence Chalk, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.7 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 27, 2026 as release LR-26540. The respondents named are Terrence Chalk (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26540" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26540" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-terrence-chalk-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-u-s-service-member-insider-trading-2026", "title": "CFTC v. U.S. Service Member (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9217-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9217-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13761/EnfGannonKenVanDykeComplaint042326/download", "dateFiled": "2026-04-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "U.S. Service Member", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 404000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against U.S. Service Member, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2026 as release 9217-26. The respondents named are U.S. Service Member (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9217-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9217-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13761/EnfGannonKenVanDykeComplaint042326/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-u-s-service-member-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-voyager-pacific-capital-management-llc-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Voyager Pacific Capital Management, LLC and others (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26534", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26534", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-04-21", "dateResolved": "2026-04-21", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Voyager Pacific Capital Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Roger David Hardcastle", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John Giarmarco", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Vanessa Lung Medlock", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Relief Defendants Adagio SPE LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andante SPE LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Brighton Cove LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Cayucos Dream, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "GSD Equities, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "HGM Holdings LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kastlemark LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Martin-Taylor Company LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Voyager Pacific Capital Management, LLC and 11 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 21, 2026 as release LR-26534. The respondents named are Voyager Pacific Capital Management, LLC and 11 others (3 individuals, 9 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26534" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26534" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-voyager-pacific-capital-management-llc-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-john-drazenovic-cpa-pump-and-dump-2026", "title": "SEC v. George John Drazenovic, CPA (pump and dump, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22628", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105271.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105271.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-20", "dateResolved": "2026-04-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George John Drazenovic, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 331595, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 51050, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against George John Drazenovic, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $331,595, prejudgment interest of $51,050.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 20, 2026 as release 3-22628. The respondents named are George John Drazenovic, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $331,595, prejudgment interest of $51,050. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105271.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105271.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-john-drazenovic-cpa-pump-and-dump-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-weizheng-zeng-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Weizheng Zeng (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105270", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105270-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105270.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-20", "dateResolved": "2026-04-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Weizheng Zeng", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 69011, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Weizheng Zeng, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $69,011.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 20, 2026 as release 34-105270. The respondents named are Weizheng Zeng (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $69,011. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105270-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105270.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-weizheng-zeng-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sudheesh-nambiar-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Sudheesh Nambiar (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26529", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26529", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26529.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sudheesh Nambiar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sudheesh Nambiar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2026 as release LR-26529. The respondents named are Sudheesh Nambiar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26529" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26529" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26529.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sudheesh-nambiar-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-geoffrey-allen-wall-pump-and-dump-2026", "title": "SEC v. Geoffrey Allen Wall (pump and dump, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26524", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26524", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26524.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-09", "dateResolved": "2026-04-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Geoffrey Allen Wall", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3187277, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1081662, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Geoffrey Allen Wall, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $3.2 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2026 as release LR-26524. The respondents named are Geoffrey Allen Wall (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3.2 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26524" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26524" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2026/comp26524.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26524.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Geoffrey Allen Wall" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-geoffrey-allen-wall-pump-and-dump-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vestech-partners-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2026", "title": "SEC v. Vestech Partners LLC and others (paid stock promotion, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22622", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11413-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11413.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-08", "dateResolved": "2026-04-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vestech Partners LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Marita Partners LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MI 15 LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Riadh Fakhoury", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1121398, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vestech Partners LLC, Marita Partners LLC, MI 15 LLC and and Riadh Fakhoury, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2026 as release 3-22622. The respondents named are Vestech Partners LLC, Marita Partners LLC, MI 15 LLC and and Riadh Fakhoury (1 individual, 3 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11413-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11413.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vestech-partners-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-caroline-j-campbell-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Caroline J. Campbell (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-105151", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105151-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105151.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-04-06", "dateResolved": "2026-04-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Caroline J. Campbell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 157066, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Caroline J. Campbell, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $157,066.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 6, 2026 as release 34-105151. The respondents named are Caroline J. Campbell (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $157,066. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-105151-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-105151.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-caroline-j-campbell-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-smith-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Michael Smith and Douglas Joshua Dalton (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26518", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26518", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-04-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Douglas Joshua Dalton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Smith and Douglas Joshua Dalton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 1, 2026 as release LR-26518. The respondents named are Michael Smith and Douglas Joshua Dalton (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26518" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26518" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-smith-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brent-david-willis-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Brent David Willis (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26516", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26516", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-31", "dateResolved": "2026-03-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brent David Willis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 175000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brent David Willis, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $175,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2026 as release LR-26516. The respondents named are Brent David Willis (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $175,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26516" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26516" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brent-david-willis-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brent-cranmer-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Brent Cranmer and Daniel McCormick (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26514", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26514", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-30", "dateResolved": "2026-03-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brent Cranmer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel McCormick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brent Cranmer and Daniel McCormick, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 30, 2026 as release LR-26514. The respondents named are Brent Cranmer and Daniel McCormick (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26514" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26514" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brent-cranmer-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-smith-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Smith (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26513", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26513", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 530000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ronald Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 30, 2026 as release LR-26513. The respondents named are Ronald Smith (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26513" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26513" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-smith-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-titanium-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Titanium Capital LLC and Henry Abdo (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26512", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26512", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Titanium Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Henry Abdo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 168, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Titanium Capital LLC and Henry Abdo, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 168 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 30, 2026 as release LR-26512. The respondents named are Titanium Capital LLC and Henry Abdo (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 168 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26512" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26512" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-titanium-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-taylor-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Taylor and Darina Windsor (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26509", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26509", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-27", "dateResolved": "2026-03-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Taylor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Darina Windsor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Benjamin Taylor and Darina Windsor, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $500,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2026 as release LR-26509. The respondents named are Benjamin Taylor and Darina Windsor (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26509" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26509" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-taylor-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevan-sadigh-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Kevan Sadigh (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26504", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26504", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-23", "dateResolved": "2026-03-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevan Sadigh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kevan Sadigh, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2026 as release LR-26504. The respondents named are Kevan Sadigh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26504" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26504" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevan-sadigh-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bin-hao-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Bin Hao and Qidian LLC (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26500", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26500", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-17", "dateResolved": "2026-03-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bin Hao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Qidian LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 236451, "disgorgementUsd": 1526484, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 475201, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bin Hao and Qidian LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $1.5 million, prejudgment interest of $475,201.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 17, 2026 as release LR-26500. The respondents named are Bin Hao and Qidian LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $1.5 million, prejudgment interest of $475,201. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26500" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26500" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bin-hao-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-w-jorgensen-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Paul W. Jorgensen (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26501", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26501", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-17", "dateResolved": "2026-03-17", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul W. Jorgensen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Paul W. Jorgensen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 17, 2026 as release LR-26501. The respondents named are Paul W. Jorgensen (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26501" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26501" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-w-jorgensen-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-canaccord-genuity-llc-marking-the-close-2026", "title": "SEC v. Canaccord Genuity LLC (marking the close, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-104935", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-104935-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104935.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-03-06", "dateResolved": "2026-03-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Canaccord Genuity LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close", "marking-the-open", "pump-and-dump", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Canaccord Genuity LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close, marking the open, pump and dump and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2026 as release 34-104935. The respondents named are Canaccord Genuity LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, marking the open, pump and dump and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-104935-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104935.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-canaccord-genuity-llc-marking-the-close-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-open/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-sun-tron-foundation-limited-bittorrent-foundation-ltd-rainberry-inc-p", "title": "SEC v. Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., and DeAndre Cortez Way (paid stock promotion, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26496", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26496", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-03-05", "dateResolved": "2026-03-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "DeAndre Cortez Way", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., and DeAndre Cortez Way, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 5, 2026 as release LR-26496. The respondents named are Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., and DeAndre Cortez Way (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26496" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26496" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-sun-tron-foundation-limited-bittorrent-foundation-ltd-rainberry-inc-p/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-miller-unregistered-distributions-2026", "title": "SEC v. Zachary Miller (unregistered distributions, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22607", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11409.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11409.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-03-05", "dateResolved": "2026-03-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 612417, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 119204, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Zachary Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $612,417, prejudgment interest of $119,204.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 5, 2026 as release 3-22607. The respondents named are Zachary Miller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $612,417, prejudgment interest of $119,204. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11409.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/33-11409.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-miller-unregistered-distributions-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-9185-26-insider-trading-2026", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9185-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13351/Enf_AdvisoryKalshi022526/download", "dateFiled": "2026-02-25", "dateResolved": "2026-02-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 25, 2026 as release 9185-26. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9185-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13351/Enf_AdvisoryKalshi022526/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-9185-26-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-castellanos-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Joel Castellanos (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26490", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26490", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-02-24", "dateResolved": "2026-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel Castellanos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 46862, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joel Castellanos, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $46,862. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2026 as release LR-26490. The respondents named are Joel Castellanos (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $46,862. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26490" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26490" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-castellanos-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-c-lewis-carolyn-w-carter-patrick-j-o-connor-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Joseph C. Lewis, Carolyn W. Carter, Patrick J. O’Connor, and Bryan L. Waugh (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26489", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26489", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-02-24", "dateResolved": "2026-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph C. Lewis, Carolyn W. Carter, Patrick J. O’Connor,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bryan L. Waugh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph C. Lewis, Carolyn W. Carter, Patrick J. O’Connor, and Bryan L. Waugh, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2026 as release LR-26489. The respondents named are Joseph C. Lewis, Carolyn W. Carter, Patrick J. O’Connor, and Bryan L. Waugh (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26489" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26489" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-c-lewis-carolyn-w-carter-patrick-j-o-connor-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-martin-tuncaydin-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Martin Tuncaydin (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-104843", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104843.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104843.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-02-13", "dateResolved": "2026-02-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Martin Tuncaydin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Martin Tuncaydin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2026 as release 34-104843. The respondents named are Martin Tuncaydin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104843.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104843.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-martin-tuncaydin-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gerald-shvartsman-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Gerald Shvartsman and others (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26477", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26477", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-02-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gerald Shvartsman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Shvartsman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rocket One Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 4640325, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Gerald Shvartsman, Michael Shvartsman and Rocket One Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2026 as release LR-26477. The respondents named are Gerald Shvartsman, Michael Shvartsman and Rocket One Capital LLC (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26477" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26477" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gerald-shvartsman-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marat-likhtenstein-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Marat Likhtenstein (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26476", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26476", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-02-05", "dateResolved": "2026-02-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marat Likhtenstein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marat Likhtenstein, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2026 as release LR-26476. The respondents named are Marat Likhtenstein (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26476" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26476" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marat-likhtenstein-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-squillante-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Ryan Squillante (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26478", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26478", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-02-05", "dateResolved": "2026-02-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan Squillante", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ryan Squillante, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2026 as release LR-26478. The respondents named are Ryan Squillante (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26478" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26478" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-squillante-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-matthew-clark-insider-trading-2026", "title": "CFTC v. Matthew Clark (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9178-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9178-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13171/ENFClarkConsentOrder012926/download", "dateFiled": "2026-02-02", "dateResolved": "2026-02-02", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Clark", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 14000000, "disgorgementUsd": 6532360, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Matthew Clark, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $14 million, disgorgement of $6.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 2, 2026 as release 9178-26. The respondents named are Matthew Clark (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $14 million, disgorgement of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9178-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9178-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13171/ENFClarkConsentOrder012926/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-matthew-clark-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-a-van-de-grift-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Kevin A. Van de Grift (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26473", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26473", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-30", "dateResolved": "2026-01-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin A. Van de Grift", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 298000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kevin A. Van de Grift, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $298,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 30, 2026 as release LR-26473. The respondents named are Kevin A. Van de Grift (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $298,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26473" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26473" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-a-van-de-grift-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-satish-appalakutty-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Satish Appalakutty and others (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26472", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26472", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Satish Appalakutty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lorven Funds", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lorven Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Vistalytics Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Satish Appalakutty, Lorven Funds, Lorven Advisors LLC and Vistalytics Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2026 as release LR-26472. The respondents named are Satish Appalakutty, Lorven Funds, Lorven Advisors LLC and Vistalytics Inc. (1 individual, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26472" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26472" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-satish-appalakutty-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2026", "title": "SEC v. Saeid Jaberian (pump and dump, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26467", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26467", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-27", "dateResolved": "2026-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Saeid Jaberian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 68001, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 10223, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 18, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Saeid Jaberian, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $68,001, prejudgment interest of $10,223. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 18 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2026 as release LR-26467. The respondents named are Saeid Jaberian (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $68,001, prejudgment interest of $10,223. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 18 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26467" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26467" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2026/judg26467-jaberian.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Saeid Jaberian" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-j-suthoff-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Brian J. Suthoff (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26466", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26466", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-26", "dateResolved": "2026-01-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian J. Suthoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 19680, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian J. Suthoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $19,680.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 26, 2026 as release LR-26466. The respondents named are Brian J. Suthoff (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $19,680. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26466" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26466" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-j-suthoff-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mohit-verma-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Mohit Verma (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-104651", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104651.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104651.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-01-21", "dateResolved": "2026-01-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mohit Verma", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 41008, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mohit Verma, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $41,008.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2026 as release 34-104651. The respondents named are Mohit Verma (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $41,008. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104651.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104651.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mohit-verma-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-song-yuan-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Song Yuan (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-104637", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104637.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104637.pdf", "dateFiled": "2026-01-21", "dateResolved": "2026-01-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Song Yuan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 65602, "penaltyUsd": 65602, "disgorgementUsd": 65602, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15678, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Song Yuan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $65,602, disgorgement of $65,602, prejudgment interest of $15,678.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2026 as release 34-104637. The respondents named are Song Yuan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $65,602, disgorgement of $65,602, prejudgment interest of $15,678. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104637.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2026/34-104637.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-song-yuan-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-gregg-smith-spoofing-2026", "title": "CFTC v. Gregg Smith (spoofing, 2026)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9168-26", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9168-26", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12886/ENFSmithConsentOrder122225/download", "dateFiled": "2026-01-16", "dateResolved": "2026-01-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregg Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": 135788, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Gregg Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $135,788. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 16, 2026 as release 9168-26. The respondents named are Gregg Smith (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $135,788. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9168-26" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9168-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12886/ENFSmithConsentOrder122225/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12881/ENFNowakConsentOrder122225/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12891/ENFMillerConsentOrder122225/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12876/ENFFordComplaint121925/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-gregg-smith-spoofing-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hong-john-wang-insider-trading-2026", "title": "SEC v. Hong (John) Wang and Precision Clinical Consulting, LLC (insider trading, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26460", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26460", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hong (John) Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Precision Clinical Consulting, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Hong (John) Wang and Precision Clinical Consulting, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 15, 2026 as release LR-26460. The respondents named are Hong (John) Wang and Precision Clinical Consulting, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26460" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26460" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hong-john-wang-insider-trading-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bernardo-mendia-alcaraz-ponzi-schemes-2026", "title": "SEC v. Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC (ponzi schemes, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26457", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26457", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-06", "dateResolved": "2026-01-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Toltec Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2207524, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 150866, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $150,866.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 6, 2026 as release LR-26457. The respondents named are Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $150,866. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26457" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26457" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bernardo-mendia-alcaraz-ponzi-schemes-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-muhammad-saad-shoukat-fake-press-releases-2026", "title": "SEC v. Muhammad Saad Shoukat and others (fake press releases, 2026)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26458", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26458", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2026-01-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Muhammad Saad Shoukat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gyunho Kim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Muhammad Arham Shoukat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Muhammad Shahwaiz Shoukat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Izunna Okonkwo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniyal Khan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2026, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Muhammad Saad Shoukat and 5 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 6, 2026 as release LR-26458. The respondents named are Muhammad Saad Shoukat and 5 others (6 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26458" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26458" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-muhammad-saad-shoukat-fake-press-releases-2026/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-j-bradford-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. David J. Bradford and Gerardo L. Linarducci (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26456", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26456", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-30", "dateResolved": "2025-12-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "David J. Bradford", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gerardo L. Linarducci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David J. Bradford and Gerardo L. Linarducci, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 30, 2025 as release LR-26456. The respondents named are David J. Bradford and Gerardo L. Linarducci (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26456" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26456" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-j-bradford-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-scott-mcmillan-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Bryan Scott McMillan (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26454", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26454", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-23", "dateResolved": "2025-12-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan Scott McMillan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 122100, "disgorgementUsd": 81400, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bryan Scott McMillan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $122,100, disgorgement of $81,400.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 23, 2025 as release LR-26454. The respondents named are Bryan Scott McMillan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $122,100, disgorgement of $81,400. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26454" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26454" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-scott-mcmillan-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-hudzik-unregistered-distributions-2025", "title": "SEC v. David Hudzik (unregistered distributions, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26455", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26455", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-23", "dateResolved": "2025-12-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "David Hudzik", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 70000, "disgorgementUsd": 70000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David Hudzik, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $70,000, disgorgement of $70,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 23, 2025 as release LR-26455. The respondents named are David Hudzik (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $70,000, disgorgement of $70,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26455" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26455" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-hudzik-unregistered-distributions-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-john-drazenovic-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. George John Drazenovic (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26449", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26449", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-19", "dateResolved": "2025-12-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "George John Drazenovic", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 331595, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 51050, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against George John Drazenovic, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $331,595, prejudgment interest of $51,050. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2025 as release LR-26449. The respondents named are George John Drazenovic (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $331,595, prejudgment interest of $51,050. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26449" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26449" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-john-drazenovic-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mina-tadrus-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Mina Tadrus (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26447", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26447", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-17", "dateResolved": "2025-12-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mina Tadrus", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mina Tadrus, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2025 as release LR-26447. The respondents named are Mina Tadrus (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26447" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26447" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mina-tadrus-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-artur-khachatryan-spoofing-2025", "title": "SEC v. Artur Khachatryan (spoofing, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26445", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26445", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-16", "dateResolved": "2025-12-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Artur Khachatryan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 373885, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Artur Khachatryan, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $373,885.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2025 as release LR-26445. The respondents named are Artur Khachatryan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $373,885. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26445" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26445" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-artur-khachatryan-spoofing-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-scott-corbman-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Andrew Scott Corbman (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26428", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26428", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-03", "dateResolved": "2025-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew Scott Corbman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew Scott Corbman, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2025 as release LR-26428. The respondents named are Andrew Scott Corbman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26428" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26428" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-scott-corbman-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-virtu-financial-inc-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Virtu Financial, Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26427", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26427", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-12-03", "dateResolved": "2025-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Virtu Financial, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Virtu Americas LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Virtu Financial, Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2025 as release LR-26427. The respondents named are Virtu Financial, Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26427" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26427" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-virtu-financial-inc-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-solomon-lichtenstein-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Solomon Lichtenstein (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26426", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26426", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-11-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Solomon Lichtenstein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Solomon Lichtenstein, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 26, 2025 as release LR-26426. The respondents named are Solomon Lichtenstein (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26426" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26426" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-solomon-lichtenstein-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-m-holdings-securities-inc-spoofing-2025", "title": "SEC v. M Holdings Securities, Inc. (spoofing, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22562", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-104255-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-104255.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-11-25", "dateResolved": "2025-11-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "M Holdings Securities, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with M Holdings Securities, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 25, 2025 as release 3-22562. The respondents named are M Holdings Securities, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-104255-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-104255.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-m-holdings-securities-inc-spoofing-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-linh-thuy-le-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Linh Thuy Le and Trong Hoang Luu (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26421", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26421", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-11-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Linh Thuy Le", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Trong Hoang Luu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Linh Thuy Le and Trong Hoang Luu, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2025 as release LR-26421. The respondents named are Linh Thuy Le and Trong Hoang Luu (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26421" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26421" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-linh-thuy-le-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marco-g-santarelli-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Marco G. Santarelli (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26420", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26420", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-11-19", "dateResolved": "2025-11-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marco G. Santarelli", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marco G. Santarelli, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2025 as release LR-26420. The respondents named are Marco G. Santarelli (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26420" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26420" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marco-g-santarelli-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-viggiano-cpa-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Viggiano, CPA (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26417", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26417", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-11-18", "dateResolved": "2025-11-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Viggiano, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 35000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Anthony Viggiano, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $35,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 18, 2025 as release LR-26417. The respondents named are Anthony Viggiano, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $35,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26417" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26417" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-viggiano-cpa-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cyrus-p-naderi-free-riding-and-parking-2025", "title": "SEC v. Cyrus P. Naderi (free riding and parking, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26418", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26418", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-11-18", "dateResolved": "2025-11-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cyrus P. Naderi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 40000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Cyrus P. Naderi, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records a civil penalty of $40,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 18, 2025 as release LR-26418. The respondents named are Cyrus P. Naderi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $40,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26418" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26418" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cyrus-p-naderi-free-riding-and-parking-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-agridime-llc-jed-wood-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Agridime, LLC, Jed Wood, and Joshua Link (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26415", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26415", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-30", "dateResolved": "2025-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Agridime, LLC, Jed Wood,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joshua Link", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 236451, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Agridime, LLC, Jed Wood, and Joshua Link, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $236,451.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2025 as release LR-26415. The respondents named are Agridime, LLC, Jed Wood, and Joshua Link (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $236,451. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26415" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26415" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26415-agridime.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Agridime" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26415-jed-wood.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Jed Wood" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26415-joshua-link.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Joshua Link" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-agridime-llc-jed-wood-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-taino-adrian-lopez-alexander-farhang-mehr-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Taino Adrian Lopez, Alexander Farhang Mehr, and Maya Rose Burkenroad (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26413", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26413", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26413.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Taino Adrian Lopez, Alexander Farhang Mehr,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Maya Rose Burkenroad", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Taino Adrian Lopez, Alexander Farhang Mehr, and Maya Rose Burkenroad, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2025 as release LR-26413. The respondents named are Taino Adrian Lopez, Alexander Farhang Mehr, and Maya Rose Burkenroad (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26413" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26413" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26413.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-taino-adrian-lopez-alexander-farhang-mehr-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arthur-p-pizzello-jr-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Arthur P. Pizzello. Jr. and Robert Quattrocchi (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26408", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26408", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-23", "dateResolved": "2025-09-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arthur P. Pizzello. Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Quattrocchi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Arthur P. Pizzello. Jr. and Robert Quattrocchi, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2025 as release LR-26408. The respondents named are Arthur P. Pizzello. Jr. and Robert Quattrocchi (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26408" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26408" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arthur-p-pizzello-jr-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aaron-o-brian-freeman-free-riding-and-parking-2025", "title": "SEC v. Aaron O'Brian Freeman (free riding and parking, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26407", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26407", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Aaron O'Brian Freeman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Aaron O'Brian Freeman, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2025 as release LR-26407. The respondents named are Aaron O'Brian Freeman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26407" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26407" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aaron-o-brian-freeman-free-riding-and-parking-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pathyam-patel-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Pathyam Patel (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26406", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26406", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-22", "dateResolved": "2025-09-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama", "defendants": [ { "name": "Pathyam Patel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Pathyam Patel, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2025 as release LR-26406. The respondents named are Pathyam Patel (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26406" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26406" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pathyam-patel-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-shinhan-securities-co-ltd-wash-trading-2025", "title": "CFTC v. Shinhan Securities Co. Ltd. (wash trading, 2025)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9125-25", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9125-25", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12701/enfShinhanSecuritiesCoLtdAdministrativeOrder091725/download", "dateFiled": "2025-09-17", "dateResolved": "2025-09-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shinhan Securities Co. Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 212500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Shinhan Securities Co. Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $212,500.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2025 as release 9125-25. The respondents named are Shinhan Securities Co. Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $212,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9125-25" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9125-25" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12701/enfShinhanSecuritiesCoLtdAdministrativeOrder091725/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-shinhan-securities-co-ltd-wash-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-r-kimbrough-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Justin R. Kimbrough and Prosperity Consultants, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26402", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26402", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26402.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-09-17", "dateResolved": "2025-09-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin R. Kimbrough", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Prosperity Consultants, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1137437, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 86883, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Justin R. Kimbrough and Prosperity Consultants, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.1 million, prejudgment interest of $86,883. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2025 as release LR-26402. The respondents named are Justin R. Kimbrough and Prosperity Consultants, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.1 million, prejudgment interest of $86,883. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26402" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26402" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26402-kimbrough.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Justin R. Kimbrough" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26402-prosperity.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Prosperity Consultants, LLC" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26402.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-r-kimbrough-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-allen-c-giltman-perp-market-spoofing-2025", "title": "SEC v. Allen C. Giltman (spoofing, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26399", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26399", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-12", "dateResolved": "2025-09-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Allen C. Giltman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 87, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Allen C. Giltman, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 87 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2025 as release LR-26399. The respondents named are Allen C. Giltman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 87 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26399" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26399" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-allen-c-giltman-perp-market-spoofing-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-brett-falloon-spoofing-2025", "title": "CFTC v. Brett Falloon (spoofing, 2025)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9118-25", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9118-25", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12656/enffalloonorder090925/download", "dateFiled": "2025-09-09", "dateResolved": "2025-09-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brett Falloon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Brett Falloon, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2025 as release 9118-25. The respondents named are Brett Falloon (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with CME, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9118-25" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9118-25" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12656/enffalloonorder090925/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-brett-falloon-spoofing-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-henry-paul-regan-jr-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Henry Paul Regan, Jr. (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26392", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26392", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Henry Paul Regan, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Henry Paul Regan, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2025 as release LR-26392. The respondents named are Henry Paul Regan, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26392" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26392" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-henry-paul-regan-jr-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arsalan-rawjani-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Arsalan Rawjani and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26391", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26391", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arsalan Rawjani", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Texas)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Wyoming)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Nevada)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Arsalan Rawjani, Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Texas), Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Wyoming) and Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Nevada), alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2025 as release LR-26391. The respondents named are Arsalan Rawjani, Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Texas), Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Wyoming) and Trade with Ayasa, LLC (Nevada) (1 individual, 3 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26391" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26391" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arsalan-rawjani-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-austin-d-ellison-meade-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Austin D. Ellison-Meade (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26389", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26389", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-05", "dateResolved": "2025-09-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Austin D. Ellison-Meade", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2917751, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Austin D. Ellison-Meade, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $2.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2025 as release LR-26389. The respondents named are Austin D. Ellison-Meade (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26389" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26389" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-austin-d-ellison-meade-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-calvin-guess-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Calvin Guess and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26390", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26390", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-05", "dateResolved": "2025-09-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Calvin Guess", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Marcus Ligon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "5 Fruits Enterprises LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 236451, "disgorgementUsd": 1156166, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 253048, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Calvin Guess, Marcus Ligon and 5 Fruits Enterprises LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $1.2 million, prejudgment interest of $253,048.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2025 as release LR-26390. The respondents named are Calvin Guess, Marcus Ligon and 5 Fruits Enterprises LLC (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $1.2 million, prejudgment interest of $253,048. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26390" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26390" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-calvin-guess-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fibrogen-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. FibroGen, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22528", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11387.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11387.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-09-05", "dateResolved": "2025-09-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "FibroGen, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with FibroGen, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2025 as release 3-22528. The respondents named are FibroGen, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11387.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11387.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fibrogen-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-squillante-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ryan Squillante (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26388", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26388", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-05", "dateResolved": "2025-09-05", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan Squillante", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ryan Squillante, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2025 as release LR-26388. The respondents named are Ryan Squillante (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26388" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26388" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-squillante-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daryl-f-heller-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Daryl F. Heller and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26387", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26387", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-09-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daryl F. Heller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Prestige Investment Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paramount Management Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Daryl F. Heller, Prestige Investment Group, LLC and Paramount Management Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2025 as release LR-26387. The respondents named are Daryl F. Heller, Prestige Investment Group, LLC and Paramount Management Group, LLC (1 individual, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26387" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26387" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daryl-f-heller-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-j-minson-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. David J. Minson (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-103764", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-103764-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103764.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-08-22", "dateResolved": "2025-08-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David J. Minson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David J. Minson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2025 as release 34-103764. The respondents named are David J. Minson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-103764-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103764.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-j-minson-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rouzbeh-ross-haghighat-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Rouzbeh “Ross” Haghighat and others (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26383", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26383", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rouzbeh “Ross” Haghighat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Behrouz “Bruce” Haghighat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kirstyn Pearl", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James Roberge", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Seyedfarbod “Fabio” Sabzevari", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Rouzbeh “Ross” Haghighat and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2025 as release LR-26383. The respondents named are Rouzbeh “Ross” Haghighat and 4 others (5 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26383" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26383" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rouzbeh-ross-haghighat-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-chen-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Justin Chen and Jun Zhen (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26380", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26380", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-21", "dateResolved": "2025-08-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jun Zhen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Justin Chen and Jun Zhen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2025 as release LR-26380. The respondents named are Justin Chen and Jun Zhen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26380" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26380" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-chen-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stock-purse-trading-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Stock Purse Trading LLC and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26379", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26379", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-21", "dateResolved": "2025-08-21", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Stock Purse Trading LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Liston Associates, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Carole A. Liston", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stock Purse Trading LLC, Liston Associates, Inc. and Carole A. Liston, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2025 as release LR-26379. The respondents named are Stock Purse Trading LLC, Liston Associates, Inc. and Carole A. Liston (1 individual, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26379" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26379" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stock-purse-trading-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brent-cranmer-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Brent Cranmer and others (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26378", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26378", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brent Cranmer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jonathan Whitesides", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel McCormick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brent Cranmer, Jonathan Whitesides and Daniel McCormick, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2025 as release LR-26378. The respondents named are Brent Cranmer, Jonathan Whitesides and Daniel McCormick (3 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26378" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26378" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brent-cranmer-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-alan-yedid-andrew-kaufman-mark-jacobs-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Robert Alan Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, Mark Jacobs (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26376", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26376", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-18", "dateResolved": "2025-08-18", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Alan Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, Mark Jacobs", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert Alan Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, Mark Jacobs, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2025 as release LR-26376. The respondents named are Robert Alan Yedid, Andrew Kaufman, Mark Jacobs (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26376" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26376" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-alan-yedid-andrew-kaufman-mark-jacobs-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wendy-swensen-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Wendy Swensen (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26377", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26377", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-18", "dateResolved": "2025-08-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wendy Swensen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 41279, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Wendy Swensen, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $41,279.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2025 as release LR-26377. The respondents named are Wendy Swensen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $41,279. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26377" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26377" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wendy-swensen-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-r-wear-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ryan R. Wear and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26375", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26375", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan R. Wear", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Water Station Management LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Creative Technologies, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Refreshing USA, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ideal Property Investments LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jordan Chirico", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ryan R. Wear and 5 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2025 as release LR-26375. The respondents named are Ryan R. Wear and 5 others (2 individuals, 4 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26375" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26375" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-r-wear-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-cameron-conway-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Cameron Conway (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26370", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26370", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Cameron Conway", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bruce Cameron Conway, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2025 as release LR-26370. The respondents named are Bruce Cameron Conway (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26370" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26370" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-cameron-conway-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-n-cole-spoofing-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ryan N. Cole (spoofing, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26371", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26371", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-11", "dateResolved": "2025-08-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan N. Cole", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 234000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 234803, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 52656, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ryan N. Cole, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $234,803, prejudgment interest of $52,656.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2025 as release LR-26371. The respondents named are Ryan N. Cole (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $234,803, prejudgment interest of $52,656. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26371" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26371" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-n-cole-spoofing-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-doron-a-tavlin-afshin-farahan-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David Gantman (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26367", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26367", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-08-06", "dateResolved": "2025-08-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David Gantman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David Gantman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $25,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2025 as release LR-26367. The respondents named are Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David Gantman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26367" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26367" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-doron-a-tavlin-afshin-farahan-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-finale-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Finale (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-103614", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103614.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103614.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-08-01", "dateResolved": "2025-08-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Finale", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 14982, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony Finale, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $14,982.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2025 as release 34-103614. The respondents named are Anthony Finale (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $14,982. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103614.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103614.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-finale-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vincent-barbuto-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Vincent Barbuto (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-103615", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103615.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103615.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-08-01", "dateResolved": "2025-08-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vincent Barbuto", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 19903, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vincent Barbuto, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $19,903.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2025 as release 34-103615. The respondents named are Vincent Barbuto (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $19,903. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103615.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-103615.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vincent-barbuto-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dishant-gupta-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Dishant Gupta (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26364", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26364", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-30", "dateResolved": "2025-07-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dishant Gupta", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 260078, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 36801, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dishant Gupta, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $260,078, prejudgment interest of $36,801. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2025 as release LR-26364. The respondents named are Dishant Gupta (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $260,078, prejudgment interest of $36,801. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26364" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26364" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dishant-gupta-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jose-d-rocha-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Jose D. Rocha (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26365", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26365", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-30", "dateResolved": "2025-07-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jose D. Rocha", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jose D. Rocha, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2025 as release LR-26365. The respondents named are Jose D. Rocha (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26365" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26365" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jose-d-rocha-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-m-kashman-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Brian M. Kashman (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26359", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26359", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26359.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-07-22", "dateResolved": "2025-07-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian M. Kashman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 77723, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 12201, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian M. Kashman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $77,723, prejudgment interest of $12,201.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2025 as release LR-26359. The respondents named are Brian M. Kashman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $77,723, prejudgment interest of $12,201. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26359" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26359" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26359.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-m-kashman-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edwin-brant-frost-iv-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Edwin Brant Frost IV and First Liberty Building & Loan LLC (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26358", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26358", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26358.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-07-22", "dateResolved": "2025-07-22", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edwin Brant Frost IV", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "First Liberty Building & Loan LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Edwin Brant Frost IV and First Liberty Building & Loan LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2025 as release LR-26358. The respondents named are Edwin Brant Frost IV and First Liberty Building & Loan LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26358" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26358" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26358.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edwin-brant-frost-iv-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edwin-emmett-lickiss-jr-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Edwin Emmett Lickiss, Jr. (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26360", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26360", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edwin Emmett Lickiss, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edwin Emmett Lickiss, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2025 as release LR-26360. The respondents named are Edwin Emmett Lickiss, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26360" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26360" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edwin-emmett-lickiss-jr-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-brian-thompson-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Robert Brian Thompson (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26356", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26356", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-21", "dateResolved": "2025-07-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Brian Thompson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 584873, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 584873, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 24, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Brian Thompson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $584,873. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 24 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2025 as release LR-26356. The respondents named are Robert Brian Thompson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $584,873. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 24 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26356" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26356" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-brian-thompson-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-suyun-gu-et-al-wash-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Suyun Gu, et al. (wash trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26355", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26355", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/comp26355.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-07-21", "dateResolved": "2025-07-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Suyun Gu, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 621703, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 134663, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Suyun Gu, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $621,703, prejudgment interest of $134,663.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2025 as release LR-26355. The respondents named are Suyun Gu, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $621,703, prejudgment interest of $134,663. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26355" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26355" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/comp26355.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/order26355-motion-summary-judgment.pdf", "label": "Motion For Summary Judgment" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/order26355-order-final-judgment.pdf", "label": "Order and Final Judgment" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-suyun-gu-et-al-wash-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-j-watson-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Eric J. Watson (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26350", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26350", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric J. Watson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Eric J. Watson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2025 as release LR-26350. The respondents named are Eric J. Watson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26350" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26350" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/opinions/2025/order26350.pdf", "label": "Opinion and Order - Eric J. Watson" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-j-watson-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diana-mae-fernandez-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Diana Mae Fernandez (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26346", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26346", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-11", "dateResolved": "2025-07-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of West Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Diana Mae Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Diana Mae Fernandez, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2025 as release LR-26346. The respondents named are Diana Mae Fernandez (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of West Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26346" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26346" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diana-mae-fernandez-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-trijya-vakil-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26348", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26348", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-11", "dateResolved": "2025-07-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Trijya Vakil", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Neeraj Visen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2025 as release LR-26348. The respondents named are Trijya Vakil and Neeraj Visen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26348" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26348" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-trijya-vakil-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-a-justice-keith-a-rosenbaum-brian-d-shibley-pump-and-dump-2025", "title": "SEC v. William A. Justice, Keith A. Rosenbaum, Brian D. Shibley, and Randell R. Torno (pump and dump, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26344", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26344", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-10", "dateResolved": "2025-07-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "William A. Justice, Keith A. Rosenbaum, Brian D. Shibley,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Randell R. Torno", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 22398, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William A. Justice, Keith A. Rosenbaum, Brian D. Shibley, and Randell R. Torno, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $22,398.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2025 as release LR-26344. The respondents named are William A. Justice, Keith A. Rosenbaum, Brian D. Shibley, and Randell R. Torno (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $22,398. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26344" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26344" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26344-brian-shibley.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Brian Shibley" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26344-keith-rosenbaum.pdf", "label": "Judgment - Keith Rosenbaum" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26344-randell-torno.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Randell Torno" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26344-william-justice.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - William Justice" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-a-justice-keith-a-rosenbaum-brian-d-shibley-pump-and-dump-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eduardo-hernandez-free-riding-and-parking-2025", "title": "SEC v. Eduardo Hernandez (free riding and parking, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26340", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26340", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-07-03", "dateResolved": "2025-07-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eduardo Hernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 525355, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eduardo Hernandez, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records disgorgement of $525,355. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 3, 2025 as release LR-26340. The respondents named are Eduardo Hernandez (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $525,355. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26340" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26340" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eduardo-hernandez-free-riding-and-parking-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-ballout-pump-and-dump-2025", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Ballout and Mohamed Zayed (pump and dump, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26331", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26331", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-06-20", "dateResolved": "2025-06-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Ballout", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mohamed Zayed", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 460928, "disgorgementUsd": 96000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Benjamin Ballout and Mohamed Zayed, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $460,928, disgorgement of $96,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2025 as release LR-26331. The respondents named are Benjamin Ballout and Mohamed Zayed (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $460,928, disgorgement of $96,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26331" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26331" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-ballout-pump-and-dump-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ongkaruck-sripetch-et-al-pump-and-dump-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ongkaruck Sripetch, et al. (pump and dump, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26332", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26332", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-06-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ongkaruck Sripetch, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 385890, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1051354, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Ongkaruck Sripetch, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $385,890, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2025 as release LR-26332. The respondents named are Ongkaruck Sripetch, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $385,890, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26332" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26332" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ongkaruck-sripetch-et-al-pump-and-dump-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-scalise-iii-unregistered-distributions-2025", "title": "SEC v. Peter Scalise III and The3rdBevco Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26328", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26328", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-06-17", "dateResolved": "2025-06-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter Scalise III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The3rdBevco Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 236451, "disgorgementUsd": 856461, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 34677, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Peter Scalise III and The3rdBevco Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $856,461, prejudgment interest of $34,677.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 17, 2025 as release LR-26328. The respondents named are Peter Scalise III and The3rdBevco Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $236,451, disgorgement of $856,461, prejudgment interest of $34,677. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26328" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26328" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-scalise-iii-unregistered-distributions-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-agridime-llc-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "CFTC v. Agridime LLC (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9087-25", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9087-25", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12396/nfagridimedefaultfinaljudgment060225/download", "dateFiled": "2025-06-16", "dateResolved": "2025-06-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Agridime LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000000, "disgorgementUsd": 815328, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Agridime LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $100 million, disgorgement of $815,328.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 16, 2025 as release 9087-25. The respondents named are Agridime LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100 million, disgorgement of $815,328. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9087-25" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9087-25" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12396/nfagridimedefaultfinaljudgment060225/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/12401/enfagridimeconsentorder061025/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-agridime-llc-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jack-brewer-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Jack Brewer (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26322", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26322", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-06-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jack Brewer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jack Brewer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 10, 2025 as release LR-26322. The respondents named are Jack Brewer (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26322" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26322" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26322.pdf", "label": "Judgment - Jack Brewer" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jack-brewer-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-medallion-financial-corp-andrew-murstein-lawrence-meyers-paid-stock-promotio", "title": "SEC v. Medallion Financial Corp., Andrew Murstein, Lawrence Meyers, and Ichabod’s Cranium, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26321", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26321", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-06-06", "dateResolved": "2025-06-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Medallion Financial Corp., Andrew Murstein, Lawrence Meyers,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ichabod’s Cranium, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Medallion Financial Corp., Andrew Murstein, Lawrence Meyers, and Ichabod’s Cranium, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2025 as release LR-26321. The respondents named are Medallion Financial Corp., Andrew Murstein, Lawrence Meyers, and Ichabod’s Cranium, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26321" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26321" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-medallion-financial-corp-andrew-murstein-lawrence-meyers-paid-stock-promotio/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kronus-financial-corporation-finser-international-corporation-andrew-h-jacob", "title": "SEC v. Kronus Financial Corporation, Finser International Corporation, Andrew H. Jacobus (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26317", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26317", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-05-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kronus Financial Corporation, Finser International Corporation, Andrew H. Jacobus", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kronus Financial Corporation, Finser International Corporation, Andrew H. Jacobus, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 29, 2025 as release LR-26317. The respondents named are Kronus Financial Corporation, Finser International Corporation, Andrew H. Jacobus (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26317" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26317" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kronus-financial-corporation-finser-international-corporation-andrew-h-jacob/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-aubin-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Aubin and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26315", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26315", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26315.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-05-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Aubin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Anchor State Capital LLC, f/k/a Anchor State Investments LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Anchor State Properties LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher Aubin, Anchor State Capital LLC, f/k/a Anchor State Investments LLC and Anchor State Properties LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2025 as release LR-26315. The respondents named are Christopher Aubin, Anchor State Capital LLC, f/k/a Anchor State Investments LLC and Anchor State Properties LLC (1 individual, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26315" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26315" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26315.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-aubin-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-j-natario-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Joel J. Natario and Jefferson Scott Baker (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26311", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26311", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-05-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel J. Natario", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jefferson Scott Baker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joel J. Natario and Jefferson Scott Baker, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2025 as release LR-26311. The respondents named are Joel J. Natario and Jefferson Scott Baker (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26311" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26311" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-j-natario-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kenneth-mattson-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Kenneth Mattson and Relief Defendant KS Mattson Partners LP (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26312", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26312", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-05-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kenneth Mattson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Relief Defendant KS Mattson Partners LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kenneth Mattson and Relief Defendant KS Mattson Partners LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2025 as release LR-26312. The respondents named are Kenneth Mattson and Relief Defendant KS Mattson Partners LP (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26312" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26312" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kenneth-mattson-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kenneth-w-alexander-ii-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Kenneth W. Alexander II and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26301", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26301", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-05-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kenneth W. Alexander II", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert D. Welsh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Caedrynn E. Conner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kenneth W. Alexander II, Robert D. Welsh and Caedrynn E. Conner, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2025 as release LR-26301. The respondents named are Kenneth W. Alexander II, Robert D. Welsh and Caedrynn E. Conner (3 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26301" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26301" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kenneth-w-alexander-ii-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jenni-yoon-jeong-lee-a-k-a-jenni-lee-or-yoon-jeong-lee-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Jenni Yoon Jeong Lee (a/k/a Jenni Lee Or Yoon Jeong Lee) and Evergreen Property Developments LLC (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26298", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26298", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-04-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jenni Yoon Jeong Lee (a/k/a Jenni Lee Or Yoon Jeong Lee)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Evergreen Property Developments LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jenni Yoon Jeong Lee (a/k/a Jenni Lee Or Yoon Jeong Lee) and Evergreen Property Developments LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2025 as release LR-26298. The respondents named are Jenni Yoon Jeong Lee (a/k/a Jenni Lee Or Yoon Jeong Lee) and Evergreen Property Developments LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26298" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26298" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jenni-yoon-jeong-lee-a-k-a-jenni-lee-or-yoon-jeong-lee-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ramil-ventura-palafox-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ramil Ventura Palafox (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26295", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26295", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-04-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ramil Ventura Palafox", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ramil Ventura Palafox, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 29, 2025 as release LR-26295. The respondents named are Ramil Ventura Palafox (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26295" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26295" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ramil-ventura-palafox-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marshall-e-melton-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Marshall E. Melton and Integrated Consulting & Management, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26292", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26292", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-04-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marshall E. Melton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Integrated Consulting & Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marshall E. Melton and Integrated Consulting & Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2025 as release LR-26292. The respondents named are Marshall E. Melton and Integrated Consulting & Management, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26292" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26292" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marshall-e-melton-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2025", "title": "SEC v. Saeid Jaberian (pump and dump, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26288", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26288", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-04-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Saeid Jaberian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Saeid Jaberian, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2025 as release LR-26288. The respondents named are Saeid Jaberian (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26288" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26288" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-milan-v-patel-false-rumors-2025", "title": "SEC v. Milan V. Patel (false rumors, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26283", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26283", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-04-11", "dateResolved": "2025-04-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Milan V. Patel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "false-rumors" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Milan V. Patel, alleging conduct this library classifies as false rumors. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2025 as release LR-26283. The respondents named are Milan V. Patel (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as false rumors, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26283" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26283" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-milan-v-patel-false-rumors-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/false-rumors/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-emergent-biosolutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11371", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11371.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11371.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-04-07", "dateResolved": "2025-04-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Emergent BioSolutions, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 7, 2025 as release 33-11371. The respondents named are Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11371.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11371.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-emergent-biosolutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eamma-safi-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Eamma Safi and Zhi Ge a/k/a Josh Ge (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26268", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26268", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-03-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eamma Safi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Zhi Ge a/k/a Josh Ge", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eamma Safi and Zhi Ge a/k/a Josh Ge, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 14, 2025 as release LR-26268. The respondents named are Eamma Safi and Zhi Ge a/k/a Josh Ge (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26268" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26268" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eamma-safi-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-pallek-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Pallek (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26264", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26264", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-03-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Pallek", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ronald Pallek, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2025 as release LR-26264. The respondents named are Ronald Pallek (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26264" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26264" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-pallek-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-n-demos-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. George N. Demos (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26262", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26262", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26262.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-03-10", "dateResolved": "2025-03-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George N. Demos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with George N. Demos, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 10, 2025 as release LR-26262. The respondents named are George N. Demos (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26262" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26262" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26262.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-n-demos-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rey-d-acosta-free-riding-and-parking-2025", "title": "SEC v. Rey D. Acosta (free riding and parking, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26261", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26261", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26261.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-03-06", "dateResolved": "2025-03-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rey D. Acosta", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rey D. Acosta, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records a civil penalty of $15,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2025 as release LR-26261. The respondents named are Rey D. Acosta (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26261" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26261" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26261.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2025/judg26261.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rey-d-acosta-free-riding-and-parking-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-suchecki-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey Suchecki (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102515", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102515.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102515.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-03-04", "dateResolved": "2025-03-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey Suchecki", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 64618, "disgorgementUsd": 64618, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15831, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeffrey Suchecki, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $64,618, disgorgement of $64,618, prejudgment interest of $15,831.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 4, 2025 as release 34-102515. The respondents named are Jeffrey Suchecki (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $64,618, disgorgement of $64,618, prejudgment interest of $15,831. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102515.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102515.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-suchecki-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-allen-stanford-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Robert Allen Stanford and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26255", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26255", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-24", "dateResolved": "2025-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Allen Stanford", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James Davis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gilberto Lopez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stanford International Bank, Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stanford Group Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stanford Capital Management", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stanford Financial Group Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The Stanford Financial Group Building, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5900000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Allen Stanford and 7 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.9 billion.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2025 as release LR-26255. The respondents named are Robert Allen Stanford and 7 others (3 individuals, 5 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.9 billion. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26255" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26255" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-allen-stanford-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thurman-p-bryant-iii-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Thurman P. Bryant, III and others (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26252", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26252", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-20", "dateResolved": "2025-02-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Thurman P. Bryant, III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bryant United Capital Funding, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Arthur F. Wammel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Wammel Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Thurman P. Bryant, III, Bryant United Capital Funding, Inc., Arthur F. Wammel and Wammel Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2025 as release LR-26252. The respondents named are Thurman P. Bryant, III, Bryant United Capital Funding, Inc., Arthur F. Wammel and Wammel Group, LLC (2 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26252" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26252" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thurman-p-bryant-iii-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charlie-jinan-chen-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Charlie Jinan Chen (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26247", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26247", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-13", "dateResolved": "2025-02-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charlie Jinan Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charlie Jinan Chen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2025 as release LR-26247. The respondents named are Charlie Jinan Chen (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26247" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26247" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charlie-jinan-chen-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-rashawn-russell-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "CFTC v. Rashawn Russell (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9050-25", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9050-25", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11776/ enfrashawnrussellconsentorder011625/download", "dateFiled": "2025-02-10", "dateResolved": "2025-02-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rashawn Russell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Rashawn Russell, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 10, 2025 as release 9050-25. The respondents named are Rashawn Russell (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9050-25" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9050-25" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11776/ enfrashawnrussellconsentorder011625/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-rashawn-russell-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-marsico-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Marsico and others (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26243", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26243", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-10", "dateResolved": "2025-02-10", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Marsico", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Arthur P. Pizzello, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Quattrocchi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Timothy Carey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony Marsico, Arthur P. Pizzello, Jr., Robert Quattrocchi and Timothy Carey, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 10, 2025 as release LR-26243. The respondents named are Anthony Marsico, Arthur P. Pizzello, Jr., Robert Quattrocchi and Timothy Carey (4 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26243" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26243" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-marsico-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-airborne-wireless-network-pump-and-dump-2025", "title": "SEC v. Airborne Wireless Network and others (pump and dump, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26242", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26242", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-07", "dateResolved": "2025-02-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Airborne Wireless Network", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kalistratos Kabilafkas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Timoleon Kabilafkas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Tim Kabilafkas Revocable Trust", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Magdaline Kablifafkas 1989 Trust", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 44000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 12000000, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Airborne Wireless Network and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $44 million, prejudgment interest of $12 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2025 as release LR-26242. The respondents named are Airborne Wireless Network and 4 others (3 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $44 million, prejudgment interest of $12 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26242" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26242" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-airborne-wireless-network-pump-and-dump-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-t-poerio-jr-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Frank T. Poerio, Jr. (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26240", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26240", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-06", "dateResolved": "2025-02-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank T. Poerio, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 823367, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frank T. Poerio, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $823,367. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 6, 2025 as release LR-26240. The respondents named are Frank T. Poerio, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $823,367. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26240" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26240" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-t-poerio-jr-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andre-wong-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Andre Wong (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26237", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26237", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-02-04", "dateResolved": "2025-02-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andre Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 62000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andre Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 4, 2025 as release LR-26237. The respondents named are Andre Wong (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26237" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26237" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andre-wong-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-roberto-pulido-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "CFTC v. Roberto Pulido (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9039-25", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9039-25", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11746/enfrobertopulidoorder111324/download", "dateFiled": "2025-01-27", "dateResolved": "2025-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Roberto Pulido", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 685000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Roberto Pulido, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $685,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2025 as release 9039-25. The respondents named are Roberto Pulido (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $685,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9039-25" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9039-25" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11746/enfrobertopulidoorder111324/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11741/enfrobertpulidodefaultfinaljudgment111324/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-roberto-pulido-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-a-heropoulos-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. John A. Heropoulos (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11362", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11362.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11362.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-24", "dateResolved": "2025-01-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John A. Heropoulos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John A. Heropoulos, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2025 as release 33-11362. The respondents named are John A. Heropoulos (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11362.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11362.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-a-heropoulos-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kenneth-g-miccio-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Kenneth G. Miccio (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102266", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-102266-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102266.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-24", "dateResolved": "2025-01-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kenneth G. Miccio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10023, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kenneth G. Miccio, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $10,023.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2025 as release 34-102266. The respondents named are Kenneth G. Miccio (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,023. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-102266-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102266.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kenneth-g-miccio-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gabriel-rebeiz-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Gabriel Rebeiz (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26231", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26231", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26231.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-22", "dateResolved": "2025-01-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gabriel Rebeiz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 360673, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gabriel Rebeiz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $360,673.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 22, 2025 as release LR-26231. The respondents named are Gabriel Rebeiz (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $360,673. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26231" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26231" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26231.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gabriel-rebeiz-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-karina-n-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Karina N. Fernandez (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102251", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102251.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102251.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-21", "dateResolved": "2025-01-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Karina N. Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Karina N. Fernandez, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2025 as release 34-102251. The respondents named are Karina N. Fernandez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102251.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102251.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-karina-n-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-a-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Barry A. Ruffalo (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102246", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102246.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102246.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-17", "dateResolved": "2025-01-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry A. Ruffalo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 15350, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Barry A. Ruffalo, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 17, 2025 as release 34-102246. The respondents named are Barry A. Ruffalo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102246.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102246.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-a-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-investview-inc-unregistered-distributions-2025", "title": "SEC v. Investview, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11355", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11355-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11355.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-17", "dateResolved": "2025-01-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Investview, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Investview, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 17, 2025 as release 33-11355. The respondents named are Investview, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11355-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/33-11355.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-investview-inc-unregistered-distributions-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-naufal-sanaullah-ponzi-schemes-2025", "title": "SEC v. Naufal Sanaullah (ponzi schemes, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26227", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26227", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-01-17", "dateResolved": "2025-01-17", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Naufal Sanaullah", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Naufal Sanaullah, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 17, 2025 as release LR-26227. The respondents named are Naufal Sanaullah (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26227" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26227" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-naufal-sanaullah-ponzi-schemes-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-l-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Robert L. Ruffalo and others (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102248", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102248.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102248.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-17", "dateResolved": "2025-01-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert L. Ruffalo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bobbi J. Ruffalo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kathrine R. Ruffalo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Charlie L. Harte", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 21722, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 21722, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert L. Ruffalo, Bobbi J. Ruffalo, Kathrine R. Ruffalo and and Charlie L. Harte, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $21,722.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 17, 2025 as release 34-102248. The respondents named are Robert L. Ruffalo, Bobbi J. Ruffalo, Kathrine R. Ruffalo and and Charlie L. Harte (4 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $21,722. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102248.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102248.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-l-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-r-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. William R. Ruffalo (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102247", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102247.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102247.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-17", "dateResolved": "2025-01-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William R. Ruffalo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 108249, "disgorgementUsd": 61268, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2275, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William R. Ruffalo, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $108,249, disgorgement of $61,268, prejudgment interest of $2,275.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 17, 2025 as release 34-102247. The respondents named are William R. Ruffalo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $108,249, disgorgement of $61,268, prejudgment interest of $2,275. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102247.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102247.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-r-ruffalo-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-zhu-rug-pulls-2025", "title": "SEC v. Eric Zhu (rug pulls, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26223", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26223", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-01-16", "dateResolved": "2025-01-16", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric Zhu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "rug-pulls" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 672992, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eric Zhu, alleging conduct this library classifies as rug pulls. The release records prejudgment interest of $672,992.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 16, 2025 as release LR-26223. The respondents named are Eric Zhu (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as rug pulls, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $672,992. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26223" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26223" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-zhu-rug-pulls-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/rug-pulls/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alfred-v-tobia-jr-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Alfred V. Tobia, Jr. and Elizabeth Lee (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26218", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26218", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26218.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-14", "dateResolved": "2025-01-14", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alfred V. Tobia, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Elizabeth Lee", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alfred V. Tobia, Jr. and Elizabeth Lee, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2025 as release LR-26218. The respondents named are Alfred V. Tobia, Jr. and Elizabeth Lee (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26218" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26218" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26218.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alfred-v-tobia-jr-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hari-prasad-sure-et-al-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Hari Prasad Sure, et al. (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26217", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26217", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-01-14", "dateResolved": "2025-01-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Hari Prasad Sure, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Hari Prasad Sure, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2025 as release LR-26217. The respondents named are Hari Prasad Sure, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26217" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26217" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hari-prasad-sure-et-al-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robinhood-financial-llc-and-robinhood-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-deb", "title": "SEC v. Robinhood Financial LLC and Robinhood Securities, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102170", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102170.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102170.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-13", "dateResolved": "2025-01-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robinhood Financial LLC and Robinhood Securities, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robinhood Financial LLC and Robinhood Securities, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2025 as release 34-102170. The respondents named are Robinhood Financial LLC and Robinhood Securities, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102170.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102170.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robinhood-financial-llc-and-robinhood-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-deb/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-speedroute-llc-layering-2025", "title": "SEC v. SpeedRoute LLC (layering, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102157", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-102157-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102157.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-10", "dateResolved": "2025-01-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SpeedRoute LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "pump-and-dump", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with SpeedRoute LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering, pump and dump, spoofing and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2025 as release 34-102157. The respondents named are SpeedRoute LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, pump and dump, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-102157-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102157.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-speedroute-llc-layering-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-caridi-paid-stock-promotion-2025", "title": "SEC v. Michael Caridi (paid stock promotion, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26213", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26213", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26213.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-08", "dateResolved": "2025-01-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Caridi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 180000, "disgorgementUsd": 895972, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael Caridi, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $180,000, disgorgement of $895,972.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 8, 2025 as release LR-26213. The respondents named are Michael Caridi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $180,000, disgorgement of $895,972. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26213" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26213" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2025/comp26213.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-caridi-paid-stock-promotion-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-s-sargent-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. David S. Sargent (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-102117", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102117.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102117.pdf", "dateFiled": "2025-01-07", "dateResolved": "2025-01-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David S. Sargent", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 215175, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David S. Sargent, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $215,175.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 7, 2025 as release 34-102117. The respondents named are David S. Sargent (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $215,175. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102117.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2025/34-102117.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-s-sargent-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-m-dupont-insider-trading-2025", "title": "SEC v. Joseph M. Dupont and others (insider trading, 2025)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26209", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26209", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2025-01-03", "dateResolved": "2025-01-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph M. Dupont", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shawn P. Cronin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stanley Kaplan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paul Feldman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jarett G. Mendoza", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph M. Dupont and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 3, 2025 as release LR-26209. The respondents named are Joseph M. Dupont and 4 others (5 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26209" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26209" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-m-dupont-insider-trading-2025/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dale-b-chappell-et-al-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Dale B. Chappell, et al. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26206", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26206", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dale B. Chappell, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dale B. Chappell, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 31, 2024 as release LR-26206. The respondents named are Dale B. Chappell, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26206" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26206" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dale-b-chappell-et-al-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-silver-point-capital-l-p-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Silver Point Capital, L.P. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26202", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26202", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Silver Point Capital, L.P.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Silver Point Capital, L.P., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2024 as release LR-26202. The respondents named are Silver Point Capital, L.P. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26202" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26202" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-silver-point-capital-l-p-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tai-mo-shan-limited-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Tai Mo Shan Limited (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11349", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11349.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11349.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-20", "dateResolved": "2024-12-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tai Mo Shan Limited", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 73452756, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 12916153, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tai Mo Shan Limited, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $73.5 million, prejudgment interest of $12.9 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2024 as release 33-11349. The respondents named are Tai Mo Shan Limited (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $73.5 million, prejudgment interest of $12.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11349.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11349.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tai-mo-shan-limited-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-curt-l-dewitz-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Curt L Dewitz (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26200", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26200", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-19", "dateResolved": "2024-12-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Curt L Dewitz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 70383, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14810, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Curt L Dewitz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $70,383, prejudgment interest of $14,810.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2024 as release LR-26200. The respondents named are Curt L Dewitz (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $70,383, prejudgment interest of $14,810. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26200" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26200" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-curt-l-dewitz-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-bauer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Bauer et al. (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26199", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26199", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-19", "dateResolved": "2024-12-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Bauer et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 145000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1011600, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ronald Bauer et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $1.0 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2024 as release LR-26199. The respondents named are Ronald Bauer et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.0 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26199" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26199" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-bauer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ken-peterman-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ken Peterman (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26197", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26197", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp26197.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ken Peterman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ken Peterman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2024 as release LR-26197. The respondents named are Ken Peterman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26197" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26197" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp26197.pdf", "label": "Sec Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ken-peterman-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sai-hong-ignatius-ou-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26198", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26198", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp26198.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-18", "dateResolved": "2024-12-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1520455, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2024 as release LR-26198. The respondents named are Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26198" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26198" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp26198.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sai-hong-ignatius-ou-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-chong-kyi-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. David Chong Kyi (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101936", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101936-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101936.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-17", "dateResolved": "2024-12-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SogoTrade, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 125000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with SogoTrade, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $125,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2024 as release 34-101936. The respondents named are SogoTrade, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $125,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101936-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101936.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-chong-kyi-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-allen-y-hsu-esq-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Allen Y. Hsu, Esq. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101904", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101904.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101904.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-13", "dateResolved": "2024-12-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Allen Y. Hsu, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 233229, "disgorgementUsd": 176588, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Allen Y. Hsu, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $233,229, disgorgement of $176,588.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 13, 2024 as release 34-101904. The respondents named are Allen Y. Hsu, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $233,229, disgorgement of $176,588. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101904.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101904.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-allen-y-hsu-esq-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-stevenson-spoofing-2024", "title": "SEC v. Zachary Stevenson (spoofing, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22356", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11340-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11340.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-13", "dateResolved": "2024-12-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary Stevenson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 380000, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 381718, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 57570, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Zachary Stevenson, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $381,718, prejudgment interest of $57,570.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 13, 2024 as release 3-22356. The respondents named are Zachary Stevenson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $381,718, prejudgment interest of $57,570. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11340-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11340.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-stevenson-spoofing-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-storm-bryant-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Storm Bryant (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9016-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9016-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11641/enfstormbryantorder102824/download", "dateFiled": "2024-12-11", "dateResolved": "2024-12-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Storm Bryant", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3900000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Storm Bryant, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $3.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 11, 2024 as release 9016-24. The respondents named are Storm Bryant (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9016-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9016-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11641/enfstormbryantorder102824/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-storm-bryant-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frederick-tayton-dencer-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Frederick Tayton Dencer, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26192", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26192", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frederick Tayton Dencer, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Frederick Tayton Dencer, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 11, 2024 as release LR-26192. The respondents named are Frederick Tayton Dencer, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26192" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26192" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frederick-tayton-dencer-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-s-clayton-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. John S. Clayton and others (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26193", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26193", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "John S. Clayton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "First Equity Holdings Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Standard Registrar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Transfer Co., Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel W. Jackson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Donald H. Perry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Clark M. Mower", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Timothy J. Rieu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Chesapeake Group, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John S. Clayton and 8 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 11, 2024 as release LR-26193. The respondents named are John S. Clayton and 8 others (6 individuals, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26193" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26193" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-s-clayton-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-washington-state-pastor-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Washington State Pastor (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9015-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9015-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11626/enffrancierobandopinillocomplaint120924/download", "dateFiled": "2024-12-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Washington State Pastor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Washington State Pastor, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2024 as release 9015-24. The respondents named are Washington State Pastor (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9015-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9015-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11626/enffrancierobandopinillocomplaint120924/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-washington-state-pastor-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-c-underwood-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. David C. Underwood (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22343", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11336.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11336.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-09", "dateResolved": "2024-12-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David C. Underwood", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David C. Underwood, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2024 as release 3-22343. The respondents named are David C. Underwood (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11336.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11336.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-c-underwood-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-j-toomey-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Marc J. Toomey (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22342", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11335.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11335.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-09", "dateResolved": "2024-12-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc J. Toomey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marc J. Toomey, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2024 as release 3-22342. The respondents named are Marc J. Toomey (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11335.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11335.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-j-toomey-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-r-bishop-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Stephen R. Bishop (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22341", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11334.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11334.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-12-09", "dateResolved": "2024-12-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen R. Bishop", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 85542, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stephen R. Bishop, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records prejudgment interest of $85,542.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2024 as release 3-22341. The respondents named are Stephen R. Bishop (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $85,542. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11334.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11334.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-r-bishop-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jordan-qsar-grant-witherspoon-austin-bernard-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Jordan Qsar, Grant Witherspoon, Austin Bernard, and Chase Lambert (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26186", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26186", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-05", "dateResolved": "2024-12-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jordan Qsar, Grant Witherspoon, Austin Bernard,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Chase Lambert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jordan Qsar, Grant Witherspoon, Austin Bernard, and Chase Lambert, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 5, 2024 as release LR-26186. The respondents named are Jordan Qsar, Grant Witherspoon, Austin Bernard, and Chase Lambert (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26186" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26186" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jordan-qsar-grant-witherspoon-austin-bernard-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ftx-exchange-wash-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. FTX (exchange wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9011-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9011-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11596/DOE_ResultsFY24_AddendumA120424/download", "dateFiled": "2024-12-04", "dateResolved": "2024-12-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "FTX", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "exchange-wash-trading", "insider-trading", "ponzi-schemes", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Binance", "CBOT", "CME", "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 14500000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against FTX, alleging conduct this library classifies as exchange wash trading, insider trading, ponzi schemes, spoofing and wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $14.5 billion.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 4, 2024 as release 9011-24. The respondents named are FTX (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as exchange wash trading, insider trading, ponzi schemes, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and crypto and futures, with Binance, CBOT, CME, ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $14.5 billion. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9011-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9011-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11596/DOE_ResultsFY24_AddendumA120424/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ftx-exchange-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/exchange-wash-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dow-rockwell-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Dow Rockwell LLC and Richard Dow Rockwell (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26185", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26185", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-12-03", "dateResolved": "2024-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dow Rockwell LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Richard Dow Rockwell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dow Rockwell LLC and Richard Dow Rockwell, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2024 as release LR-26185. The respondents named are Dow Rockwell LLC and Richard Dow Rockwell (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26185" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26185" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2024/judg26185-dow-rockwell-llc.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Dow Rockwell, LLC" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2024/judg26185-richard-dow-rockwell.pdf", "label": "Final Judgment - Richard Dow Rockwell" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dow-rockwell-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lightspeed-financial-services-group-llc-layering-2024", "title": "SEC v. Lightspeed Financial Services Group LLC (layering, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101705", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101705.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101705.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-11-22", "dateResolved": "2024-11-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lightspeed Financial Services Group LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lightspeed Financial Services Group LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2024 as release 34-101705. The respondents named are Lightspeed Financial Services Group LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101705.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101705.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lightspeed-financial-services-group-llc-layering-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paulson-investment-company-llc-wash-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Paulson Investment Company LLC (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101706", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101706.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101706.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-11-22", "dateResolved": "2024-11-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paulson Investment Company LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Paulson Investment Company LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2024 as release 34-101706. The respondents named are Paulson Investment Company LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101706.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101706.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paulson-investment-company-llc-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-webull-financial-llc-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Webull Financial LLC (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101707", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101707.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101707.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-11-22", "dateResolved": "2024-11-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Webull Financial LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Webull Financial LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2024 as release 34-101707. The respondents named are Webull Financial LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101707.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101707.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-webull-financial-llc-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lr-26174-boiler-rooms-2024", "title": "SEC v. unnamed respondents (boiler rooms, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26174", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26174", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-11-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7652228, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 983819, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $7.7 million, prejudgment interest of $983,819.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 20, 2024 as release LR-26174. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7.7 million, prejudgment interest of $983,819. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26174" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26174" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lr-26174-boiler-rooms-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-brian-thompson-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Robert Brian Thompson (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26172", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-11-19", "dateResolved": "2024-11-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Brian Thompson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Brian Thompson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2024 as release LR-26172. The respondents named are Robert Brian Thompson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26172" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26172" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-brian-thompson-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-epic-capital-wealth-advisors-llc-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Epic Capital Wealth Advisors, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6771", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/ia-6771-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6771.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-11-08", "dateResolved": "2024-11-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Epic Capital Wealth Advisors, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Epic Capital Wealth Advisors, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2024 as release IA-6771. The respondents named are Epic Capital Wealth Advisors, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (administrative)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/ia-6771-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6771.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-epic-capital-wealth-advisors-llc-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carlos-sacanell-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Carlos Sacanell (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26168", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26168", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Carlos Sacanell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Carlos Sacanell, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2024 as release LR-26168. The respondents named are Carlos Sacanell (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26168" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26168" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carlos-sacanell-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dusan-varga-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Dusan Varga and Pannon Investment Advisors LLC (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26167", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26167", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-31", "dateResolved": "2024-10-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dusan Varga", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Pannon Investment Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dusan Varga and Pannon Investment Advisors LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2024 as release LR-26167. The respondents named are Dusan Varga and Pannon Investment Advisors LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26167" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26167" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dusan-varga-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-two-louisiana-based-companies-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. two Louisiana-Based Companies and Cofounder (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9003-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9003-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11521/enfmichaelbdepetrillocomplaint102524/download", "dateFiled": "2024-10-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "two Louisiana-Based Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Cofounder", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against two Louisiana-Based Companies and Cofounder, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 28, 2024 as release 9003-24. The respondents named are two Louisiana-Based Companies and Cofounder (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9003-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9003-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11521/enfmichaelbdepetrillocomplaint102524/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-two-louisiana-based-companies-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-yueyu-bao-wash-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Yueyu Bao (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "9000-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9000-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10131/enfyueyubaocomplaint011624/download", "dateFiled": "2024-10-24", "dateResolved": "2024-10-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yueyu Bao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 260140, "disgorgementUsd": 130070, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Yueyu Bao, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $260,140, disgorgement of $130,070.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 24, 2024 as release 9000-24. The respondents named are Yueyu Bao (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $260,140, disgorgement of $130,070. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9000-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9000-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10131/enfyueyubaocomplaint011624/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11466/enfbaoorder082024/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-yueyu-bao-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Morrie Tobin et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26163", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26163", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-18", "dateResolved": "2024-10-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Morrie Tobin et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 230464, "disgorgementUsd": 479000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Morrie Tobin et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $230,464, disgorgement of $479,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 18, 2024 as release LR-26163. The respondents named are Morrie Tobin et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $230,464, disgorgement of $479,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26163" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26163" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ruimin-xie-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ruimin Xie (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26162", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26162", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-17", "dateResolved": "2024-10-17", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ruimin Xie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 59408, "penaltyUsd": 59408, "disgorgementUsd": 59408, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6801, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ruimin Xie, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $59,408, disgorgement of $59,408, prejudgment interest of $6,801.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 17, 2024 as release LR-26162. The respondents named are Ruimin Xie (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $59,408, disgorgement of $59,408, prejudgment interest of $6,801. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26162" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26162" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ruimin-xie-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-umapathi-kakkera-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Umapathi Kakkera (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101379", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101379-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101379.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-10-17", "dateResolved": "2024-10-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Umapathi Kakkera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 200000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 30716, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Umapathi Kakkera, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $30,716.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 17, 2024 as release 34-101379. The respondents named are Umapathi Kakkera (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $30,716. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101379-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101379.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-umapathi-kakkera-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-baris-cabalar-churning-2024", "title": "SEC v. Baris Cabalar (churning, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26161", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26161", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Baris Cabalar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Baris Cabalar, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 16, 2024 as release LR-26161. The respondents named are Baris Cabalar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26161" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26161" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-baris-cabalar-churning-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-several-people-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Several People and Companies (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8997-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8997-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11456/tradersdomainfxcomplaint93024/download", "dateFiled": "2024-10-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Several People", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Several People and Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2024 as release 8997-24. The respondents named are Several People and Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8997-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8997-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11456/tradersdomainfxcomplaint93024/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11451/enftradersdomainfxltdcorder101524/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-several-people-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-destiny-robotics-corp-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Destiny Robotics Corp., et al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26157", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26157", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-15", "dateResolved": "2024-10-15", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Destiny Robotics Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 141000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 12991, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Destiny Robotics Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $12,991.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2024 as release LR-26157. The respondents named are Destiny Robotics Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $12,991. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26157" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26157" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-destiny-robotics-corp-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gotbit-consulting-llc-a-k-a-gotbit-hedge-fund-wash-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26156", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26156", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Fedor Kedrov", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2024 as release LR-26156. The respondents named are Gotbit Consulting LLC a/k/a Gotbit Hedge Fund and Fedor Kedrov (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26156" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26156" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gotbit-consulting-llc-a-k-a-gotbit-hedge-fund-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-groom-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Groom (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26159", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26159", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-15", "dateResolved": "2024-10-15", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Groom", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 12937, "disgorgementUsd": 28000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Matthew Groom, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $12,937, disgorgement of $28,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2024 as release LR-26159. The respondents named are Matthew Groom (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $12,937, disgorgement of $28,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26159" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26159" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-groom-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zm-quant-investment-ltd-baijun-ou-a-k-a-eric-ou-wash-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. ZM Quant Investment Ltd., Baijun Ou a/k/a Eric Ou, and Ruiqi Lau a/k/a Ricky Liu (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26158", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26158", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "ZM Quant Investment Ltd., Baijun Ou a/k/a Eric Ou,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ruiqi Lau a/k/a Ricky Liu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against ZM Quant Investment Ltd., Baijun Ou a/k/a Eric Ou, and Ruiqi Lau a/k/a Ricky Liu, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2024 as release LR-26158. The respondents named are ZM Quant Investment Ltd., Baijun Ou a/k/a Eric Ou, and Ruiqi Lau a/k/a Ricky Liu (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26158" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26158" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zm-quant-investment-ltd-baijun-ou-a-k-a-eric-ou-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-minerco-inc-bobby-shumake-japhia-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Minerco, Inc., Bobby Shumake Japhia, and Julius Makiri Jenge (custodianship shell hijacking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26150", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26150", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Minerco, Inc., Bobby Shumake Japhia,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Julius Makiri Jenge", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "custodianship-shell-hijacking", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Minerco, Inc., Bobby Shumake Japhia, and Julius Makiri Jenge, alleging conduct this library classifies as custodianship shell hijacking and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 9, 2024 as release LR-26150. The respondents named are Minerco, Inc., Bobby Shumake Japhia, and Julius Makiri Jenge (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as custodianship shell hijacking and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26150" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26150" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-minerco-inc-bobby-shumake-japhia-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/custodianship-shell-hijacking/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-taiwanese-firm-wash-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Taiwanese Firm (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8991-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8991-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11371/enftaishinsecuritiesorder093024/download", "dateFiled": "2024-10-01", "dateResolved": "2024-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Taiwanese Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Taiwanese Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2024 as release 8991-24. The respondents named are Taiwanese Firm (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8991-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8991-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11371/enftaishinsecuritiesorder093024/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-taiwanese-firm-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-siegel-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Barry Siegel (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26147", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26147", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-10-01", "dateResolved": "2024-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry Siegel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 112869, "disgorgementUsd": 112869, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 9976, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Barry Siegel, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $112,869, disgorgement of $112,869, prejudgment interest of $9,976.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2024 as release LR-26147. The respondents named are Barry Siegel (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $112,869, disgorgement of $112,869, prejudgment interest of $9,976. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26147" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26147" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-siegel-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marathon-asset-management-lp-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Marathon Asset Management, LP (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6737", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6737.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6737.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-30", "dateResolved": "2024-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marathon Asset Management, LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marathon Asset Management, LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2024 as release IA-6737. The respondents named are Marathon Asset Management, LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities and fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6737.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6737.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marathon-asset-management-lp-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-td-securities-usa-llc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. TD Securities (USA) LLC (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22223", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11314.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11314.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "TD Securities (USA) LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 400000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 135700, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against TD Securities (USA) LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $400,000, prejudgment interest of $135,700.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2024 as release 3-22223. The respondents named are TD Securities (USA) LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $400,000, prejudgment interest of $135,700. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11314.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11314.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-td-securities-usa-llc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-austin-kauh-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Austin Kauh (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101202", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101202-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101202.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": "2024-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Austin Kauh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 4344, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Austin Kauh, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release 34-101202. The respondents named are Austin Kauh (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101202-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101202.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-austin-kauh-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-scott-mcmillan-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Bryan Scott McMillan (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26133", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26133", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan Scott McMillan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 81400, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bryan Scott McMillan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release LR-26133. The respondents named are Bryan Scott McMillan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26133" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26133" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-scott-mcmillan-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-hannelius-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Eric Hannelius (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101210", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101210-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101210.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": "2024-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric Hannelius", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 168206, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 29400, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eric Hannelius, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $168,206, prejudgment interest of $29,400. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release 34-101210. The respondents named are Eric Hannelius (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $168,206, prejudgment interest of $29,400. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101210-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101210.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-hannelius-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mango-labs-llc-mango-dao-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Mango Labs, LLC, Mango DAO, and Blockworks Foundation (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26140", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26140", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": "2024-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mango Labs, LLC, Mango DAO,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Blockworks Foundation", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mango Labs, LLC, Mango DAO, and Blockworks Foundation, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release LR-26140. The respondents named are Mango Labs, LLC, Mango DAO, and Blockworks Foundation (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26140" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26140" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mango-labs-llc-mango-dao-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marco-babini-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Marco Babini, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26136", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26136", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": "2024-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marco Babini, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marco Babini, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release LR-26136. The respondents named are Marco Babini, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26136" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26136" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marco-babini-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-b-westbrook-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Robert B. Westbrook (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26141", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26141", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-27", "dateResolved": "2024-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert B. Westbrook", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert B. Westbrook, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2024 as release LR-26141. The respondents named are Robert B. Westbrook (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26141" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26141" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-b-westbrook-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bhardwaj-et-al-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Bhardwaj et al. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26131", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26131", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-26", "dateResolved": "2024-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bhardwaj et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bhardwaj et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2024 as release LR-26131. The respondents named are Bhardwaj et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26131" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26131" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bhardwaj-et-al-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-karina-n-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Karina N. Fernandez and others (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26130", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26130", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-26", "dateResolved": "2024-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Karina N. Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Marco A. Rosas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bryant Guayara", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Erick M. Ruiz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Leonela M. Duarte", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Karina N. Fernandez and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2024 as release LR-26130. The respondents named are Karina N. Fernandez and 4 others (5 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26130" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26130" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-karina-n-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-rudy-avila-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Rudy Avila (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8978-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8978-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11246/enfrudyavilamemorandumopinionandorder080124/download", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rudy Avila", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1525831, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 210, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Rudy Avila, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 210 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 8978-24. The respondents named are Rudy Avila (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 210 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8978-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8978-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11246/enfrudyavilamemorandumopinionandorder080124/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11241/enfrudyavilaclarificationorder080724/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11251/enfrudyavilajudgment080724/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-rudy-avila-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-associated-person-insider-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Texas Associated Person (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8979-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8979-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11336/enfjohncartwrightcomplaint092024/download", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas Associated Person", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Texas Associated Person, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 8979-24. The respondents named are Texas Associated Person (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8979-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8979-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11336/enfjohncartwrightcomplaint092024/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-associated-person-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adage-capital-management-l-p-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. Adage Capital Management, L.P. (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101159", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101159.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101159.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Adage Capital Management, L.P.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Adage Capital Management, L.P., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101159. The respondents named are Adage Capital Management, L.P. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101159.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101159.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adage-capital-management-l-p-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alphabet-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. Alphabet Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101165", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101165.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101165.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alphabet Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alphabet Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101165. The respondents named are Alphabet Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101165.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101165.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alphabet-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-l-kanen-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. David L. Kanen (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101162", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101162.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101162.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David L. Kanen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David L. Kanen, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101162. The respondents named are David L. Kanen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101162.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101162.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-l-kanen-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-essex-woodlands-management-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. Essex Woodlands Management, Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101161", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101161.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101161.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Essex Woodlands Management, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Essex Woodlands Management, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101161. The respondents named are Essex Woodlands Management, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101161.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101161.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-essex-woodlands-management-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oaktree-capital-management-l-p-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101163", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101163.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101163.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Oaktree Capital Management, L.P.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101163. The respondents named are Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101163.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101163.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oaktree-capital-management-l-p-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. The Bank of Nova Scotia (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101160", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101160.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101160.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bank of Nova Scotia", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Bank of Nova Scotia, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101160. The respondents named are The Bank of Nova Scotia (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101160.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101160.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-goldman-sachs-group-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024", "title": "SEC v. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101169", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101169.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101169.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-25", "dateResolved": "2024-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2024 as release 34-101169. The respondents named are The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101169.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101169.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-goldman-sachs-group-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-j-watson-et-al-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Eric J. Watson et al. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26124", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26124", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-24", "dateResolved": "2024-09-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric J. Watson et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eric J. Watson et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2024 as release LR-26124. The respondents named are Eric J. Watson et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26124" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26124" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-j-watson-et-al-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wm-technology-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. WM Technology, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11309.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11309.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-24", "dateResolved": "2024-09-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "WM Technology, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with WM Technology, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2024 as release 3-22172. The respondents named are WM Technology, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11309.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11309.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wm-technology-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-ballout-mohamed-zayed-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Ballout, Mohamed Zayed, and William Fielding (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26122", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26122", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-23", "dateResolved": "2024-09-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Ballout, Mohamed Zayed,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William Fielding", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 311000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 53230, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Benjamin Ballout, Mohamed Zayed, and William Fielding, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $311,000, prejudgment interest of $53,230.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2024 as release LR-26122. The respondents named are Benjamin Ballout, Mohamed Zayed, and William Fielding (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $311,000, prejudgment interest of $53,230. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26122" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26122" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-ballout-mohamed-zayed-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-discala-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. DiScala et al., (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26115", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26115", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-20", "dateResolved": "2024-09-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "DiScala et al.,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against DiScala et al.,, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2024 as release LR-26115. The respondents named are DiScala et al., (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26115" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26115" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-discala-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-keith-d-beekmeyer-and-andrew-m-bye-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Keith D. Beekmeyer and Andrew M. Bye (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101123", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101123-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101123.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-20", "dateResolved": "2024-09-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Newpoint Financial Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Newpoint Financial Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2024 as release 34-101123. The respondents named are Newpoint Financial Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-101123-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101123.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-keith-d-beekmeyer-and-andrew-m-bye-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-philip-markin-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Philip Markin (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26113", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26113", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-19", "dateResolved": "2024-09-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Philip Markin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Philip Markin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2024 as release LR-26113. The respondents named are Philip Markin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26113" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26113" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-philip-markin-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rari-capital-infrastructure-llc-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Rari Capital Infrastructure LLC (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-22143", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11306.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11306.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-18", "dateResolved": "2024-09-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rari Capital Infrastructure LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rari Capital Infrastructure LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2024 as release 3-22143. The respondents named are Rari Capital Infrastructure LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11306.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11306.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rari-capital-infrastructure-llc-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-david-castro-leon-spoofing-2024", "title": "SEC v. Joel David Castro Leon and Shmuel A. Sherr (spoofing, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26109", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26109", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-17", "dateResolved": "2024-09-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel David Castro Leon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shmuel A. Sherr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 125000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joel David Castro Leon and Shmuel A. Sherr, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $125,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2024 as release LR-26109. The respondents named are Joel David Castro Leon and Shmuel A. Sherr (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $125,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26109" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26109" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-david-castro-leon-spoofing-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nanobit-limited-radiant-horizons-limited-sweet-karma-fashion-inc-zhao-tropic", "title": "SEC v. NanoBit Limited, Radiant Horizons Limited, Sweet Karma Fashion Inc., Zhao Tropical Deli Inc., Jiajie Liu, Fei Liao, and Hua Zhao (chat group pumps, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26110", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26110", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "NanoBit Limited, Radiant Horizons Limited, Sweet Karma Fashion Inc., Zhao Tropical Deli Inc., Jiajie Liu, Fei Liao,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hua Zhao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against NanoBit Limited, Radiant Horizons Limited, Sweet Karma Fashion Inc., Zhao Tropical Deli Inc., Jiajie Liu, Fei Liao, and Hua Zhao, alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2024 as release LR-26110. The respondents named are NanoBit Limited, Radiant Horizons Limited, Sweet Karma Fashion Inc., Zhao Tropical Deli Inc., Jiajie Liu, Fei Liao, and Hua Zhao (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26110" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26110" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nanobit-limited-radiant-horizons-limited-sweet-karma-fashion-inc-zhao-tropic/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-federico-nannini-mauro-nannini-alejandro-thermiotis-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Federico Nannini, Mauro Nannini, Alejandro Thermiotis, and Francisco Tonarely (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26108", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26108", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Federico Nannini, Mauro Nannini, Alejandro Thermiotis,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Francisco Tonarely", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1100000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Federico Nannini, Mauro Nannini, Alejandro Thermiotis, and Francisco Tonarely, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2024 as release LR-26108. The respondents named are Federico Nannini, Mauro Nannini, Alejandro Thermiotis, and Francisco Tonarely (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26108" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26108" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-federico-nannini-mauro-nannini-alejandro-thermiotis-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-flyfish-club-llc-chat-group-pumps-2024", "title": "SEC v. Flyfish Club, LLC (chat group pumps, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11305", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11305-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11305.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-16", "dateResolved": "2024-09-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Flyfish Club, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Flyfish Club, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2024 as release 33-11305. The respondents named are Flyfish Club, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11305-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11305.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-flyfish-club-llc-chat-group-pumps-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-unregistered-florida-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Unregistered Florida Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8964-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8964-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11206/enfaureusrevenuegroupcomplaint080424/download", "dateFiled": "2024-09-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Unregistered Florida Commodity Pool Operator", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Chief Executive Officer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Unregistered Florida Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2024 as release 8964-24. The respondents named are Unregistered Florida Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8964-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8964-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11206/enfaureusrevenuegroupcomplaint080424/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-unregistered-florida-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-guarino-boiler-rooms-2024", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Guarino (boiler rooms, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-101006", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101006.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101006.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-12", "dateResolved": "2024-09-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Guarino", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 388684, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 388684, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 42604, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony Guarino, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $388,684, prejudgment interest of $42,604.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2024 as release 34-101006. The respondents named are Anthony Guarino (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $388,684, prejudgment interest of $42,604. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101006.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-101006.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-guarino-boiler-rooms-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dishant-gupta-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Dishant Gupta (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26103", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26103", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-10", "dateResolved": "2024-09-10", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dishant Gupta", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dishant Gupta, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2024 as release LR-26103. The respondents named are Dishant Gupta (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26103" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26103" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dishant-gupta-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hunter-haithcock-a-k-a-hunter-elliott-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Hunter Haithcock a/k/a Hunter Elliott and Hunter Allen (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26099", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26099", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-09-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Maryland", "defendants": [ { "name": "Hunter Haithcock a/k/a Hunter Elliott", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hunter Allen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Hunter Haithcock a/k/a Hunter Elliott and Hunter Allen, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2024 as release LR-26099. The respondents named are Hunter Haithcock a/k/a Hunter Elliott and Hunter Allen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Maryland.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26099" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26099" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hunter-haithcock-a-k-a-hunter-elliott-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-m-phillips-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. James M. Phillips (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100977", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100977-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100977.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-09", "dateResolved": "2024-09-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James M. Phillips", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James M. Phillips, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2024 as release 34-100977. The respondents named are James M. Phillips (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100977-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100977.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-m-phillips-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-forlano-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Stephen Forlano (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100978", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100978-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100978.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-09", "dateResolved": "2024-09-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew P. Forlano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 18232, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Matthew P. Forlano, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $18,232.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2024 as release 34-100978. The respondents named are Matthew P. Forlano (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $18,232. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100978-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100978.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-forlano-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-esmark-inc-and-james-p-bouchard-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Esmark Inc. and James P. Bouchard (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100957", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100957.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100957.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-06", "dateResolved": "2024-09-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Esmark Inc. and James P. Bouchard", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Esmark Inc. and James P. Bouchard, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2024 as release 34-100957. The respondents named are Esmark Inc. and James P. Bouchard (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100957.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100957.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-esmark-inc-and-james-p-bouchard-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sam-ikkurty-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Sam Ikkurty (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8959-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8959-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11181/enfikkurtyjafiarosecityincomefundsenecajudgment072224/download", "dateFiled": "2024-09-03", "dateResolved": "2024-09-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sam Ikkurty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 110901855, "disgorgementUsd": 36967285, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Sam Ikkurty, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $110.9 million, disgorgement of $37.0 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2024 as release 8959-24. The respondents named are Sam Ikkurty (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $110.9 million, disgorgement of $37.0 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8959-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8959-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11181/enfikkurtyjafiarosecityincomefundsenecajudgment072224/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sam-ikkurty-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chanon-gordon-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Chanon Gordon (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11301", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11301-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11301_0.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-09-03", "dateResolved": "2024-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chanon Gordon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 8106, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Chanon Gordon, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $8,106. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2024 as release 33-11301. The respondents named are Chanon Gordon (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $8,106. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-09-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/33-11301-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11301_0.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chanon-gordon-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-drew-morgan-ciccarelli-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Drew Morgan Ciccarelli (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26087", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26087", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-30", "dateResolved": "2024-08-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Drew Morgan Ciccarelli", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 35000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 13364, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Drew Morgan Ciccarelli, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $35,000, prejudgment interest of $13,364. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2024 as release LR-26087. The respondents named are Drew Morgan Ciccarelli (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $35,000, prejudgment interest of $13,364. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26087" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26087" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-drew-morgan-ciccarelli-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nutra-pharma-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Nutra Pharma Corporation, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26088", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26088", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-30", "dateResolved": "2024-08-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nutra Pharma Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 520940, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 59295, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Nutra Pharma Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $520,940, prejudgment interest of $59,295.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2024 as release LR-26088. The respondents named are Nutra Pharma Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $520,940, prejudgment interest of $59,295. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26088" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26088" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nutra-pharma-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shaohua-michael-yin-et-al-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26093", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26093", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-30", "dateResolved": "2024-08-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 29000000, "penaltyUsd": 39500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $39.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2024 as release LR-26093. The respondents named are Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $39.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26093" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26093" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shaohua-michael-yin-et-al-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tanner-s-adam-jonathan-l-adam-triten-financial-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Tanner S. Adam, Jonathan L. Adam, Triten Financial Group, LLC and GCZ Global LLC (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26090", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26090", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tanner S. Adam, Jonathan L. Adam, Triten Financial Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "GCZ Global LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tanner S. Adam, Jonathan L. Adam, Triten Financial Group, LLC and GCZ Global LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2024 as release LR-26090. The respondents named are Tanner S. Adam, Jonathan L. Adam, Triten Financial Group, LLC and GCZ Global LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26090" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26090" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tanner-s-adam-jonathan-l-adam-triten-financial-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bernardo-mendia-alcaraz-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26085", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26085", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Toltec Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2024 as release LR-26085. The respondents named are Bernardo Mendia-Alcaraz and Toltec Capital LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26085" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26085" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bernardo-mendia-alcaraz-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-maggie-chen-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Maggie Chen (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100846", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100846.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100846.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-08-28", "dateResolved": "2024-08-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Maggie Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 33845, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 33845, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3329, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Maggie Chen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $33,845, prejudgment interest of $3,329.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2024 as release 34-100846. The respondents named are Maggie Chen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $33,845, prejudgment interest of $3,329. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100846.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100846.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-maggie-chen-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-swiss-energy-trader-price-manipulation-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Swiss Energy Trader (price manipulation, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8953-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8953-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11156/enftotsatotalenergiestradingsaorder082724/download", "dateFiled": "2024-08-27", "dateResolved": "2024-08-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Swiss Energy Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 48000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Swiss Energy Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $48 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 27, 2024 as release 8953-24. The respondents named are Swiss Energy Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $48 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8953-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8953-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11156/enftotsatotalenergiestradingsaorder082724/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-swiss-energy-trader-price-manipulation-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dileep-murthy-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Dileep Murthy (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100819", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100819-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100819.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-08-26", "dateResolved": "2024-08-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dileep Murthy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 88007, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 13711, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dileep Murthy, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $88,007, prejudgment interest of $13,711.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 26, 2024 as release 34-100819. The respondents named are Dileep Murthy (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $88,007, prejudgment interest of $13,711. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-100819-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100819.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dileep-murthy-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sound-point-capital-management-llp-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Sound Point Capital Management LLP (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6666", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6666.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6666.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-08-26", "dateResolved": "2024-08-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sound Point Capital Management LLP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sound Point Capital Management LLP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 26, 2024 as release IA-6666. The respondents named are Sound Point Capital Management LLP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6666.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6666.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sound-point-capital-management-llp-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-flowpoint-partners-llc-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. FlowPoint Partners, LLC and Peter J. DeCaprio (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26080", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26080", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-21", "dateResolved": "2024-08-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "FlowPoint Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Peter J. DeCaprio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 145000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against FlowPoint Partners, LLC and Peter J. DeCaprio, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $145,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2024 as release LR-26080. The respondents named are FlowPoint Partners, LLC and Peter J. DeCaprio (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $145,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26080" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26080" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-flowpoint-partners-llc-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wells-real-estate-investment-llc-janalie-c-joseph-a-k-a-janalie-c-bingham-pa", "title": "SEC v. Wells Real Estate Investment, LLC, Janalie C. Joseph a/k/a Janalie C. Bingham, and Jean Joseph, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26079", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26079", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Wells Real Estate Investment, LLC, Janalie C. Joseph a/k/a Janalie C. Bingham,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jean Joseph, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Wells Real Estate Investment, LLC, Janalie C. Joseph a/k/a Janalie C. Bingham, and Jean Joseph, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 20, 2024 as release LR-26079. The respondents named are Wells Real Estate Investment, LLC, Janalie C. Joseph a/k/a Janalie C. Bingham, and Jean Joseph, et al. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26079" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26079" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wells-real-estate-investment-llc-janalie-c-joseph-a-k-a-janalie-c-bingham-pa/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-brazilian-wash-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Brazilian and Swiss Sugar Companies (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8946-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8946-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11126/enfraizenenergiasaorder081924/download", "dateFiled": "2024-08-19", "dateResolved": "2024-08-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brazilian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Swiss Sugar Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Brazilian and Swiss Sugar Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 19, 2024 as release 8946-24. The respondents named are Brazilian and Swiss Sugar Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8946-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8946-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/11126/enfraizenenergiasaorder081924/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-brazilian-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-drive-planning-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Drive Planning, LLC and Russell Todd Burkhalter (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26076", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26076", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Drive Planning, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Russell Todd Burkhalter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Drive Planning, LLC and Russell Todd Burkhalter, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 14, 2024 as release LR-26076. The respondents named are Drive Planning, LLC and Russell Todd Burkhalter (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26076" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26076" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-drive-planning-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-del-prete-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Robert Del Prete (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26073", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26073", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-13", "dateResolved": "2024-08-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Del Prete", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 7012, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Del Prete, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $7,012. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2024 as release LR-26073. The respondents named are Robert Del Prete (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $7,012. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26073" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26073" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-del-prete-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-durland-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Stephen Durland (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26075", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26075", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-13", "dateResolved": "2024-08-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen Durland", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 83000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 16196, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Stephen Durland, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $83,000, prejudgment interest of $16,196.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2024 as release LR-26075. The respondents named are Stephen Durland (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $83,000, prejudgment interest of $16,196. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26075" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26075" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-durland-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-otc-link-llc-layering-2024", "title": "SEC v. OTC Link LLC (layering, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100692", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100692.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100692.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-08-12", "dateResolved": "2024-08-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "OTC Link LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "spoofing", "unregistered-distributions", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 1862, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with OTC Link LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering, spoofing, unregistered distributions and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 12, 2024 as release 34-100692. The respondents named are OTC Link LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, spoofing, unregistered distributions and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100692.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100692.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-otc-link-llc-layering-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevan-casey-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Kevan Casey et al. (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26071", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26071", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevan Casey et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kevan Casey et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 9, 2024 as release LR-26071. The respondents named are Kevan Casey et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26071" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26071" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevan-casey-et-al-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-d-targum-et-al-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Steven D. Targum et al. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26070", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26070", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-08-08", "dateResolved": "2024-08-08", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven D. Targum et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 86750, "disgorgementUsd": 86750, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven D. Targum et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $86,750, disgorgement of $86,750.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2024 as release LR-26070. The respondents named are Steven D. Targum et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $86,750, disgorgement of $86,750. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26070" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26070" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-d-targum-et-al-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-south-bay-acquisitions-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. South Bay Acquisitions, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26064", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26064", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "South Bay Acquisitions, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against South Bay Acquisitions, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2024 as release LR-26064. The respondents named are South Bay Acquisitions, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26064" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26064" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-south-bay-acquisitions-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-baugh-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Charles Baugh (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26062", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26062", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-30", "dateResolved": "2024-07-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Baugh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 320908, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charles Baugh, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $320,908.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2024 as release LR-26062. The respondents named are Charles Baugh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $320,908. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26062" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26062" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-baugh-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sivannarayana-barama-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Sivannarayana Barama (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26060", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26060", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-29", "dateResolved": "2024-07-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sivannarayana Barama", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6283079, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sivannarayana Barama, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $6.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2024 as release LR-26060. The respondents named are Sivannarayana Barama (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26060" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26060" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sivannarayana-barama-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-abner-alejandro-tinoco-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Abner Alejandro Tinoco (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8934-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8934-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10986/enfabneralejandrotinocoorder070924/download", "dateFiled": "2024-07-26", "dateResolved": "2024-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Abner Alejandro Tinoco", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 18773714, "disgorgementUsd": 6257905, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 84, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Abner Alejandro Tinoco, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $18.8 million, disgorgement of $6.3 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 84 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2024 as release 8934-24. The respondents named are Abner Alejandro Tinoco (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $18.8 million, disgorgement of $6.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 84 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8934-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8934-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10986/enfabneralejandrotinocoorder070924/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-abner-alejandro-tinoco-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-newell-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Robert Newell and Black Hawk Funding, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26053", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26053", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-23", "dateResolved": "2024-07-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Newell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Black Hawk Funding, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Newell and Black Hawk Funding, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2024 as release LR-26053. The respondents named are Robert Newell and Black Hawk Funding, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26053" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26053" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-newell-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ricardi-celicourt-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ricardi Celicourt and Brisly Guillaume (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26050", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26050", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ricardi Celicourt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Brisly Guillaume", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ricardi Celicourt and Brisly Guillaume, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2024 as release LR-26050. The respondents named are Ricardi Celicourt and Brisly Guillaume (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26050" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26050" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ricardi-celicourt-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yossi-engel-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Yossi Engel (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26052", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26052", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-19", "dateResolved": "2024-07-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yossi Engel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Yossi Engel, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2024 as release LR-26052. The respondents named are Yossi Engel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26052" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26052" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yossi-engel-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eliyahu-weinstein-aryeh-l-bromberg-joel-l-wittels-richard-m-curry-christophe", "title": "SEC v. Eliyahu Weinstein, Aryeh L. Bromberg, Joel L. Wittels, Richard M. Curry, Christopher J. Anderson, Alaa Mohamed Hattab, and Shlomo Erez (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26049", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26049", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eliyahu Weinstein, Aryeh L. Bromberg, Joel L. Wittels, Richard M. Curry, Christopher J. Anderson, Alaa Mohamed Hattab,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shlomo Erez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eliyahu Weinstein, Aryeh L. Bromberg, Joel L. Wittels, Richard M. Curry, Christopher J. Anderson, Alaa Mohamed Hattab, and Shlomo Erez, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2024 as release LR-26049. The respondents named are Eliyahu Weinstein, Aryeh L. Bromberg, Joel L. Wittels, Richard M. Curry, Christopher J. Anderson, Alaa Mohamed Hattab, and Shlomo Erez (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26049" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26049" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eliyahu-weinstein-aryeh-l-bromberg-joel-l-wittels-richard-m-curry-christophe/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gene-daniel-levoff-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gene Daniel Levoff (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26045", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26045", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gene Daniel Levoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1147440, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gene Daniel Levoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2024 as release LR-26045. The respondents named are Gene Daniel Levoff (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26045" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26045" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gene-daniel-levoff-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sam-ikkurty-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Sam Ikkurty (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8931-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8931-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10906/enfsamikkurymemorandumopinionandorder070124/download", "dateFiled": "2024-07-03", "dateResolved": "2024-07-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sam Ikkurty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 36900000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Sam Ikkurty, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $36.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 3, 2024 as release 8931-24. The respondents named are Sam Ikkurty (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $36.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8931-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8931-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10906/enfsamikkurymemorandumopinionandorder070124/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sam-ikkurty-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-dwight-a-foster-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Dwight A. Foster (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8930-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8930-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10886/enfdwightafosterconsenorder062624/download", "dateFiled": "2024-07-02", "dateResolved": "2024-07-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dwight A. Foster", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 6000000, "disgorgementUsd": 803127, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Dwight A. Foster, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $6 million, disgorgement of $803,127. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 2, 2024 as release 8930-24. The respondents named are Dwight A. Foster (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $6 million, disgorgement of $803,127. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8930-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8930-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10886/enfdwightafosterconsenorder062624/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10881/enfdwightafostersupplementalconsentorder071823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-dwight-a-foster-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-j-kralik-v-jkv-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. John J. Kralik V, JKV Capital, LLC, and JKV LLC (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26043", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26043", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "John J. Kralik V, JKV Capital, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "JKV LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John J. Kralik V, JKV Capital, LLC, and JKV LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 2, 2024 as release LR-26043. The respondents named are John J. Kralik V, JKV Capital, LLC, and JKV LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26043" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26043" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-j-kralik-v-jkv-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adrian-j-kawuba-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Adrian J. Kawuba (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26040", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26040", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-07-01", "dateResolved": "2024-07-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Adrian J. Kawuba", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 27, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Adrian J. Kawuba, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 27 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2024 as release LR-26040. The respondents named are Adrian J. Kawuba (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 27 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26040" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26040" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adrian-j-kawuba-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-brda-engineered-short-squeeze-2024", "title": "SEC v. John Brda and Georgios Palikaras (engineered short squeeze, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26035", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26035", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp-pr2024-77.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Brda", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Georgios Palikaras", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "engineered-short-squeeze" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Brda and Georgios Palikaras, alleging conduct this library classifies as engineered short squeeze. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2024 as release LR-26035. The respondents named are John Brda and Georgios Palikaras (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as engineered short squeeze, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26035" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26035" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp-pr2024-77.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-brda-engineered-short-squeeze-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/engineered-short-squeeze/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-meta-materials-inc-engineered-short-squeeze-2024", "title": "SEC v. Meta Materials, Inc. ( and others (engineered short squeeze, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21976", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11292.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11292.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-25", "dateResolved": "2024-06-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Meta Materials, Inc. (", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Torchlight Energy Resources", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Inc.)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "engineered-short-squeeze", "paid-stock-promotion", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Meta Materials, Inc. (, Torchlight Energy Resources and Inc.), alleging conduct this library classifies as engineered short squeeze, paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2024 as release 3-21976. The respondents named are Meta Materials, Inc. (, Torchlight Energy Resources and Inc.) (1 individual, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as engineered short squeeze, paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11292.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11292.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-meta-materials-inc-engineered-short-squeeze-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/engineered-short-squeeze/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-j-schettino-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Robert J. Schettino (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21977", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100419.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100419.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-25", "dateResolved": "2024-06-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert J. Schettino", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 198566, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 38815, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert J. Schettino, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $198,566, prejudgment interest of $38,815.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2024 as release 3-21977. The respondents named are Robert J. Schettino (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $198,566, prejudgment interest of $38,815. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100419.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100419.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-j-schettino-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trafigura-insider-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Trafigura (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8921-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8921-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10791/enftrafiguratradingorder061724/download", "dateFiled": "2024-06-17", "dateResolved": "2024-06-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Trafigura", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 55000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Trafigura, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $55 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 17, 2024 as release 8921-24. The respondents named are Trafigura (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $55 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8921-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8921-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10791/enftrafiguratradingorder061724/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trafigura-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-giguiere-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Giguiere et al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26024", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26024", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-06-13", "dateResolved": "2024-06-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Giguiere et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 875000, "disgorgementUsd": 7760416, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Giguiere et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $875,000, disgorgement of $7.8 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 13, 2024 as release LR-26024. The respondents named are Giguiere et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $875,000, disgorgement of $7.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26024" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26024" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-giguiere-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-janusz-john-zukowski-and-jerry-samaras-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Janusz (John) Zukowski and Jerry Samaras (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21964", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11290.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11290.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-13", "dateResolved": "2024-06-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Janusz (John) Zukowski and Jerry Samaras", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1448349, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 393445, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Janusz (John) Zukowski and Jerry Samaras, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $393,445.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 13, 2024 as release 3-21964. The respondents named are Janusz (John) Zukowski and Jerry Samaras (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $393,445. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11290.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11290.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-janusz-john-zukowski-and-jerry-samaras-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kerry-lee-broderick-free-riding-and-parking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Kerry Lee Broderick (free riding and parking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21962", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100318.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100318.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-12", "dateResolved": "2024-06-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kerry Lee Broderick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kerry Lee Broderick, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2024 as release 3-21962. The respondents named are Kerry Lee Broderick (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100318.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100318.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kerry-lee-broderick-free-riding-and-parking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mario-gogliormella-steven-lacaj-boiler-rooms-2024", "title": "SEC v. Mario Gogliormella, Steven Lacaj, and Karim Ibrahim a/k/a/ Chris Hayes (boiler rooms, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26021", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26021", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-06-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mario Gogliormella, Steven Lacaj,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Karim Ibrahim a/k/a/ Chris Hayes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mario Gogliormella, Steven Lacaj, and Karim Ibrahim a/k/a/ Chris Hayes, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2024 as release LR-26021. The respondents named are Mario Gogliormella, Steven Lacaj, and Karim Ibrahim a/k/a/ Chris Hayes (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26021" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26021" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mario-gogliormella-steven-lacaj-boiler-rooms-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-henry-menard-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Marc Henry Menard and Laesha Jean-Louis (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26019", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26019", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-06-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc Henry Menard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Laesha Jean-Louis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marc Henry Menard and Laesha Jean-Louis, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2024 as release LR-26019. The respondents named are Marc Henry Menard and Laesha Jean-Louis (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26019" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26019" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-henry-menard-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-urness-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Daniel Urness (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100298", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100298.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100298.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-10", "dateResolved": "2024-06-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Urness", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel Urness, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 10, 2024 as release 34-100298. The respondents named are Daniel Urness (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100298.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100298.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-urness-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anders-j-lindgren-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Anders J. Lindgren (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100280", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100280.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100280.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-06", "dateResolved": "2024-06-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anders J. Lindgren", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 682123, "disgorgementUsd": 682123, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 36994, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anders J. Lindgren, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $682,123, disgorgement of $682,123, prejudgment interest of $36,994.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2024 as release 34-100280. The respondents named are Anders J. Lindgren (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $682,123, disgorgement of $682,123, prejudgment interest of $36,994. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100280.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100280.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anders-j-lindgren-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hf-foods-group-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. HF Foods Group Inc. (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21959", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11289.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11289.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-06", "dateResolved": "2024-06-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "HF Foods Group Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with HF Foods Group Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2024 as release 3-21959. The respondents named are HF Foods Group Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11289.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11289.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hf-foods-group-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andre-wong-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Andre Wong (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26016", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26016", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-06-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andre Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 62000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andre Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 4, 2024 as release LR-26016. The respondents named are Andre Wong (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26016" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26016" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andre-wong-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andreas-bechtolsheim-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Andreas Bechtolsheim (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26014", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26014", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-06-03", "dateResolved": "2024-06-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andreas Bechtolsheim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 415726, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andreas Bechtolsheim, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 3, 2024 as release LR-26014. The respondents named are Andreas Bechtolsheim (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26014" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26014" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andreas-bechtolsheim-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-p-manning-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gregory P. Manning (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21953", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100258.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100258.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-06-03", "dateResolved": "2024-06-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory P. Manning", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 34750, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14940, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gregory P. Manning, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $34,750, prejudgment interest of $14,940.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 3, 2024 as release 3-21953. The respondents named are Gregory P. Manning (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $34,750, prejudgment interest of $14,940. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100258.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100258.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-p-manning-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tyler-loudon-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Tyler Loudon (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26013", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26013", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-31", "dateResolved": "2024-05-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tyler Loudon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1760000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Tyler Loudon, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 31, 2024 as release LR-26013. The respondents named are Tyler Loudon (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26013" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26013" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tyler-loudon-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-lynold-mercado-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Frank Lynold Mercado and Tiger Wolf Capital, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26012", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26012", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-30", "dateResolved": "2024-05-30", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Lynold Mercado", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Tiger Wolf Capital, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Frank Lynold Mercado and Tiger Wolf Capital, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 30, 2024 as release LR-26012. The respondents named are Frank Lynold Mercado and Tiger Wolf Capital, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26012" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26012" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-lynold-mercado-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ian-balina-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ian Balina (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26011", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26011", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ian Balina", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ian Balina, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2024 as release LR-26011. The respondents named are Ian Balina (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26011" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26011" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ian-balina-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-teresa-perez-de-madrid-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Teresa Perez De Madrid (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100201", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100201.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100201.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-05-21", "dateResolved": "2024-05-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Teresa Perez De Madrid", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 292850, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1616, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Teresa Perez De Madrid, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $292,850, prejudgment interest of $1,616.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2024 as release 34-100201. The respondents named are Teresa Perez De Madrid (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $292,850, prejudgment interest of $1,616. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100201.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100201.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-teresa-perez-de-madrid-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pedram-abraham-mehrian-strategic-legacy-investment-group-inc-ponzi-schemes-2", "title": "SEC v. Pedram Abraham Mehrian, Strategic Legacy Investment Group, Inc., and SLIG High-Interest Liquid Savings Company (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26008", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26008", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-20", "dateResolved": "2024-05-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pedram Abraham Mehrian, Strategic Legacy Investment Group, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "SLIG High-Interest Liquid Savings Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Pedram Abraham Mehrian, Strategic Legacy Investment Group, Inc., and SLIG High-Interest Liquid Savings Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 20, 2024 as release LR-26008. The respondents named are Pedram Abraham Mehrian, Strategic Legacy Investment Group, Inc., and SLIG High-Interest Liquid Savings Company (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26008" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26008" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pedram-abraham-mehrian-strategic-legacy-investment-group-inc-ponzi-schemes-2/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26007", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26007", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nutra Pharma Corp. et al", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 44046, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5013, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Nutra Pharma Corp. et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $44,046, prejudgment interest of $5,013.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 15, 2024 as release LR-26007. The respondents named are Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $44,046, prejudgment interest of $5,013. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26007" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26007" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-agridime-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Agridime and Its Co-Founders (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8911-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8911-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10701/enfagridimecomplaint051024/download", "dateFiled": "2024-05-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Agridime", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Co-Founders", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Agridime and Its Co-Founders, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2024 as release 8911-24. The respondents named are Agridime and Its Co-Founders (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8911-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8911-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10701/enfagridimecomplaint051024/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-agridime-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tyrone-johnny-lacy-jr-free-riding-and-parking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Tyrone Johnny Lacy, Jr. (free riding and parking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26004", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26004", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tyrone Johnny Lacy, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tyrone Johnny Lacy, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 13, 2024 as release LR-26004. The respondents named are Tyrone Johnny Lacy, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26004" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26004" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tyrone-johnny-lacy-jr-free-riding-and-parking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-t-poerio-jr-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Frank T. Poerio, Jr. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-26002", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26002", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-10", "dateResolved": "2024-05-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank T. Poerio, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frank T. Poerio, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 10, 2024 as release LR-26002. The respondents named are Frank T. Poerio, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26002" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26002" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-t-poerio-jr-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-c-bond-systems-inc-and-scott-silverman-reverse-merger-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. C-Bond Systems, Inc. and Scott Silverman (reverse merger schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21932", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11285.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11285.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-05-09", "dateResolved": "2024-05-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "C-Bond Systems, Inc. and Scott Silverman", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 175000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with C-Bond Systems, Inc. and Scott Silverman, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $175,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2024 as release 3-21932. The respondents named are C-Bond Systems, Inc. and Scott Silverman (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $175,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11285.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11285.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-c-bond-systems-inc-and-scott-silverman-reverse-merger-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gene-daniel-levoff-esq-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gene Daniel Levoff, Esq. (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100082", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100082.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100082.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-05-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gene Daniel Levoff, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gene Daniel Levoff, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 8, 2024 as release 34-100082. The respondents named are Gene Daniel Levoff, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100082.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100082.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gene-daniel-levoff-esq-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-masterson-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Steven Masterson (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100064", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100064.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100064.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-05-06", "dateResolved": "2024-05-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Masterson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 50031, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3333, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven Masterson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $50,031, prejudgment interest of $3,333.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2024 as release 34-100064. The respondents named are Steven Masterson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $50,031, prejudgment interest of $3,333. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100064.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100064.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-masterson-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ahmed-alomari-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ahmed Alomari and MCM Consulting (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25993", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25993", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-05-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ahmed Alomari", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MCM Consulting", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ahmed Alomari and MCM Consulting, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 3, 2024 as release LR-25993. The respondents named are Ahmed Alomari and MCM Consulting (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25993" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25993" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ahmed-alomari-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-m-moretz-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. John M. Moretz (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-100054", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100054.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100054.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-05-03", "dateResolved": "2024-05-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John M. Moretz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John M. Moretz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 3, 2024 as release 34-100054. The respondents named are John M. Moretz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100054.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-100054.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-m-moretz-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sanjay-bhandari-vinod-singhi-rakesh-jain-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Sanjay Bhandari, Vinod Singhi, Rakesh Jain (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25989", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25989", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-30", "dateResolved": "2024-04-30", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sanjay Bhandari, Vinod Singhi, Rakesh Jain", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 73523, "disgorgementUsd": 49015, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 7020, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sanjay Bhandari, Vinod Singhi, Rakesh Jain, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $73,523, disgorgement of $49,015, prejudgment interest of $7,020.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2024 as release LR-25989. The respondents named are Sanjay Bhandari, Vinod Singhi, Rakesh Jain (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $73,523, disgorgement of $49,015, prejudgment interest of $7,020. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25989" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25989" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sanjay-bhandari-vinod-singhi-rakesh-jain-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-darren-robinson-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Darren Robinson (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8899-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8899-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10566/enfdarrenrobinsonorder042324/download", "dateFiled": "2024-04-26", "dateResolved": "2024-04-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Darren Robinson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5923515, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Darren Robinson, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2024 as release 8899-24. The respondents named are Darren Robinson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8899-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8899-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10566/enfdarrenrobinsonorder042324/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-darren-robinson-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-crotty-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Kevin Crotty (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25985", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25985", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-26", "dateResolved": "2024-04-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin Crotty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 30667, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kevin Crotty, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $30,667. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2024 as release LR-25985. The respondents named are Kevin Crotty (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $30,667. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25985" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25985" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-crotty-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-eshaq-m-nawabi-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Eshaq M. Nawabi (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8892-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8892-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10521/enfnawabiconsentorder040324/download", "dateFiled": "2024-04-15", "dateResolved": "2024-04-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eshaq M. Nawabi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Eshaq M. Nawabi, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $4.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2024 as release 8892-24. The respondents named are Eshaq M. Nawabi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8892-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8892-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10521/enfnawabiconsentorder040324/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-eshaq-m-nawabi-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-stubos-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. George Stubos, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25978", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25978", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-15", "dateResolved": "2024-04-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "George Stubos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5367926, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 533108, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against George Stubos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $533,108.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2024 as release LR-25978. The respondents named are George Stubos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $533,108. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25978" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25978" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-stubos-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gil-friedman-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gil Friedman (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25976", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25976", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-15", "dateResolved": "2024-04-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gil Friedman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gil Friedman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2024 as release LR-25976. The respondents named are Gil Friedman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25976" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25976" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gil-friedman-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-shak-banging-the-close-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Shak (banging the close, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8891-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8891-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10471/enfdanielshakconsentorder040924/download", "dateFiled": "2024-04-11", "dateResolved": "2024-04-11", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Shak", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "banging-the-close", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Shak, alleging conduct this library classifies as banging the close and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2024 as release 8891-24. The respondents named are Shak (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as banging the close and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8891-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8891-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10471/enfdanielshakconsentorder040924/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-shak-banging-the-close-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/banging-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-j-horwitz-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Zachary J. Horwitz (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25973", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25973", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-11", "dateResolved": "2024-04-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary J. Horwitz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Zachary J. Horwitz, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2024 as release LR-25973. The respondents named are Zachary J. Horwitz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25973" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25973" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-j-horwitz-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-manna-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Manna (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99926", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99926.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99926.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-04-09", "dateResolved": "2024-04-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Manna", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3455, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Anthony Manna, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $3,455.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2024 as release 34-99926. The respondents named are Anthony Manna (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3,455. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99926.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99926.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-manna-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-young-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Young (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99928", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99928.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99928.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-04-09", "dateResolved": "2024-04-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Young", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 16559, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2004, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Young, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $16,559, prejudgment interest of $2,004.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2024 as release 34-99928. The respondents named are Joseph Young (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $16,559, prejudgment interest of $2,004. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99928.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99928.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-young-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-sapraicone-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Michael Sapraicone (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99927", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99927.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99927.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-04-09", "dateResolved": "2024-04-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Sapraicone", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 14114, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1590, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael Sapraicone, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $14,114, prejudgment interest of $1,590.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2024 as release 34-99927. The respondents named are Michael Sapraicone (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $14,114, prejudgment interest of $1,590. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99927.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99927.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-sapraicone-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-panuwat-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Panuwat (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25970", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25970", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Panuwat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Panuwat, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2024 as release LR-25970. The respondents named are Matthew Panuwat (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25970" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25970" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-panuwat-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eduardo-hernandez-et-al-free-riding-and-parking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Eduardo Hernandez et al. (free riding and parking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25967", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25967", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eduardo Hernandez et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eduardo Hernandez et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2024 as release LR-25967. The respondents named are Eduardo Hernandez et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25967" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25967" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eduardo-hernandez-et-al-free-riding-and-parking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-clearpath-wealth-management-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. ClearPath Wealth Management, LLC and Patrick Churchville (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25966", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25966", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-03", "dateResolved": "2024-04-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island", "defendants": [ { "name": "ClearPath Wealth Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Patrick Churchville", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 22553095, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4577810, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 84, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against ClearPath Wealth Management, LLC and Patrick Churchville, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $22.6 million, prejudgment interest of $4.6 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 84 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2024 as release LR-25966. The respondents named are ClearPath Wealth Management, LLC and Patrick Churchville (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $22.6 million, prejudgment interest of $4.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 84 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25966" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25966" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-clearpath-wealth-management-llc-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-nielsen-spoofing-2024", "title": "SEC v. Jason Nielsen (spoofing, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25964", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25964", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-03", "dateResolved": "2024-04-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Nielsen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jason Nielsen, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2024 as release LR-25964. The respondents named are Jason Nielsen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25964" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25964" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-nielsen-spoofing-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-heineman-price-manipulation-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Heineman (price manipulation, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25965", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25965", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-03", "dateResolved": "2024-04-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Heineman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ronald Heineman, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2024 as release LR-25965. The respondents named are Ronald Heineman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25965" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25965" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-heineman-price-manipulation-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-senvest-management-llc-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Senvest Management, LLC (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6581", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6581.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6581.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-04-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Senvest Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Senvest Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2024 as release IA-6581. The respondents named are Senvest Management, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6581.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6581.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-senvest-management-llc-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-australian-swap-dealer-spoofing-2024", "title": "CFTC v. Australian Swap Dealer (spoofing, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8886-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8886-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10431/enfaustraliaandnewzealandbankinggroupltdorder040224/download", "dateFiled": "2024-04-02", "dateResolved": "2024-04-02", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Australian Swap Dealer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Australian Swap Dealer, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 2, 2024 as release 8886-24. The respondents named are Australian Swap Dealer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8886-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8886-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10431/enfaustraliaandnewzealandbankinggroupltdorder040224/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-australian-swap-dealer-spoofing-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-travis-treusch-free-riding-and-parking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Travis Treusch (free riding and parking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25962", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25962", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-04-02", "dateResolved": "2024-04-02", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Travis Treusch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Travis Treusch, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 2, 2024 as release LR-25962. The respondents named are Travis Treusch (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25962" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25962" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-travis-treusch-free-riding-and-parking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reininger-fabrizio-di-carlo-paid-stock-promotion-202", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25959", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25959", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-03-28", "dateResolved": "2024-03-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ronald Touchard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 28, 2024 as release LR-25959. The respondents named are Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25959" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25959" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reininger-fabrizio-di-carlo-paid-stock-promotion-202/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ismael-zarco-sanchez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ismael Zarco Sanchez, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25949", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25949", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp-pr2024-35.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-03-14", "dateResolved": "2024-03-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ismael Zarco Sanchez, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ismael Zarco Sanchez, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 14, 2024 as release LR-25949. The respondents named are Ismael Zarco Sanchez, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25949" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25949" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2024/comp-pr2024-35.pdf", "label": "SEC Complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ismael-zarco-sanchez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-roy-m-cook-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Roy M. Cook and others (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25948", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25948", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-03-12", "dateResolved": "2024-03-12", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin", "defendants": [ { "name": "Roy M. Cook", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jeffrey A. Natrop", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Peter S. Renner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James Rudolph", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Peter Williams", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 88800, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15479, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Roy M. Cook and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $15,479. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 12, 2024 as release LR-25948. The respondents named are Roy M. Cook and 4 others (5 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $15,479. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25948" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25948" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-roy-m-cook-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ishan-wahi-et-al-insider-listing-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Ishan Wahi et al. (insider listing trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25947", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25947", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-03-11", "dateResolved": "2024-03-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ishan Wahi et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-listing-trading", "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Coinbase" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 817602, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ishan Wahi et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider listing trading and insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $817,602.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2024 as release LR-25947. The respondents named are Ishan Wahi et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider listing trading and insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with Coinbase identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $817,602. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25947" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25947" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ishan-wahi-et-al-insider-listing-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-listing-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hemant-agrawal-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Hemant Agrawal (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99666", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99666.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99666.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-03-04", "dateResolved": "2024-03-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hemant Agrawal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 29799, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1569, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Hemant Agrawal, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $29,799, prejudgment interest of $1,569.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 4, 2024 as release 34-99666. The respondents named are Hemant Agrawal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $29,799, prejudgment interest of $1,569. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99666.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99666.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hemant-agrawal-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lordstown-motors-corp-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Lordstown Motors Corp. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21875", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11274.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11274.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-02-29", "dateResolved": "2024-02-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lordstown Motors Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lordstown Motors Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 29, 2024 as release 3-21875. The respondents named are Lordstown Motors Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11274.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11274.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lordstown-motors-corp-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harmel-s-rayat-renovacare-inc-jatinder-bhogal-pump-and-dump-2024", "title": "SEC v. Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal (pump and dump, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25945", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25945", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-02-27", "dateResolved": "2024-02-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1270352, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 207656, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $207,656.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 27, 2024 as release LR-25945. The respondents named are Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $207,656. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25945" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25945" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harmel-s-rayat-renovacare-inc-jatinder-bhogal-pump-and-dump-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-m-komarow-free-riding-and-parking-2024", "title": "SEC v. Andrew M. Komarow (free riding and parking, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21859", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99560.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99560.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-02-20", "dateResolved": "2024-02-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew M. Komarow", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Andrew M. Komarow, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2024 as release 3-21859. The respondents named are Andrew M. Komarow (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99560.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99560.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-m-komarow-free-riding-and-parking-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christian-fernandez-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Christian Fernandez (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11271", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11271.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11271.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-02-20", "dateResolved": "2024-02-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christian Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 331782, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 30094, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Christian Fernandez, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $331,782, prejudgment interest of $30,094.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2024 as release 33-11271. The respondents named are Christian Fernandez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $331,782, prejudgment interest of $30,094. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11271.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11271.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christian-fernandez-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rafael-vargas-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. Rafael Vargas (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6558", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6558.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6558.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-02-15", "dateResolved": "2024-02-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rafael Vargas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rafael Vargas, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 15, 2024 as release IA-6558. The respondents named are Rafael Vargas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6558.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/ia-6558.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rafael-vargas-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-feloni-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024", "title": "SEC v. John Feloni et al. (ponzi schemes, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25940", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25940", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-02-12", "dateResolved": "2024-02-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Feloni et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 223229, "disgorgementUsd": 1719871, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John Feloni et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $223,229, disgorgement of $1.7 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 12, 2024 as release LR-25940. The respondents named are John Feloni et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $223,229, disgorgement of $1.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25940" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25940" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-feloni-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tradestation-crypto-inc-unregistered-distributions-2024", "title": "SEC v. TradeStation Crypto, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11269", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11269.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11269.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-02-07", "dateResolved": "2024-02-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "TradeStation Crypto, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with TradeStation Crypto, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2024 as release 33-11269. The respondents named are TradeStation Crypto, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11269.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11269.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tradestation-crypto-inc-unregistered-distributions-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tian-tony-tian-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Tian \"Tony\" Tian (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99410", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99410.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99410.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-01-22", "dateResolved": "2024-01-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tian \"Tony\" Tian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 72075, "penaltyUsd": 72075, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tian \"Tony\" Tian, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $72,075.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 22, 2024 as release 34-99410. The respondents named are Tian \"Tony\" Tian (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $72,075. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99410.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99410.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tian-tony-tian-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-jeremy-barbera-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. J. Jeremy Barbera, et. al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25927", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25927", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-18", "dateResolved": "2024-01-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "J. Jeremy Barbera, et. al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 173875, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 23471, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against J. Jeremy Barbera, et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $173,875, prejudgment interest of $23,471.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2024 as release LR-25927. The respondents named are J. Jeremy Barbera, et. al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $173,875, prejudgment interest of $23,471. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25927" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25927" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-jeremy-barbera-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-prosperity-investments-lending-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Prosperity, Investments & Lending, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25928", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25928", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-18", "dateResolved": "2024-01-18", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Prosperity, Investments & Lending, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Prosperity, Investments & Lending, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2024 as release LR-25928. The respondents named are Prosperity, Investments & Lending, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25928" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25928" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-prosperity-investments-lending-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-a-trader-wash-trading-2024", "title": "CFTC v. a Trader (wash trading, 2024)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8848-24", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8848-24", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10131/enfyueyubaocomplaint011624/download", "dateFiled": "2024-01-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "a Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against a Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 16, 2024 as release 8848-24. The respondents named are a Trader (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8848-24" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8848-24" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10131/enfyueyubaocomplaint011624/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-a-trader-wash-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-farber-aarif-jamani-brian-keasberry-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan Farber, Aarif Jamani, Brian Keasberry (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25926", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25926", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan Farber, Aarif Jamani, Brian Keasberry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 5000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jonathan Farber, Aarif Jamani, Brian Keasberry, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 16, 2024 as release LR-25926. The respondents named are Jonathan Farber, Aarif Jamani, Brian Keasberry (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25926" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25926" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-farber-aarif-jamani-brian-keasberry-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99336", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99336.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99336.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-01-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3400000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 138297046, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 28057775, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $138.3 million, prejudgment interest of $28.1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2024 as release 34-99336. The respondents named are Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $138.3 million, prejudgment interest of $28.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99336.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99336.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pawan-kumar-passi-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Pawan Kumar Passi (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-99337", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99337.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99337.pdf", "dateFiled": "2024-01-12", "dateResolved": "2024-01-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pawan Kumar Passi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1880000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Pawan Kumar Passi, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2024 as release 34-99337. The respondents named are Pawan Kumar Passi (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99337.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/34-99337.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pawan-kumar-passi-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-schottenstein-kris-bortnovsky-ryan-shapiro-sakal-capital-management-ll", "title": "SEC v. David Schottenstein, Kris Bortnovsky, Ryan Shapiro, Sakal Capital Management, LLC, and Sakal U.S. Fund, LLC (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25923", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25923", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-11", "dateResolved": "2024-01-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "David Schottenstein, Kris Bortnovsky, Ryan Shapiro, Sakal Capital Management, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sakal U.S. Fund, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 536753, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David Schottenstein, Kris Bortnovsky, Ryan Shapiro, Sakal Capital Management, LLC, and Sakal U.S. Fund, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $536,753. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 11, 2024 as release LR-25923. The respondents named are David Schottenstein, Kris Bortnovsky, Ryan Shapiro, Sakal Capital Management, LLC, and Sakal U.S. Fund, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $536,753. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25923" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25923" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-schottenstein-kris-bortnovsky-ryan-shapiro-sakal-capital-management-ll/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024", "title": "SEC v. Carnovale, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25919", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25919", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-03", "dateResolved": "2024-01-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carnovale, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 364683, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 79741, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carnovale, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records prejudgment interest of $79,741.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 3, 2024 as release LR-25919. The respondents named are Carnovale, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $79,741. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25919" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25919" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/litreleases/2023/judg25685.pdf", "label": "Judgment" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gannon-giguiere-insider-trading-2024", "title": "SEC v. Gannon Giguiere (insider trading, 2024)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25920", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25920", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2024-01-03", "dateResolved": "2024-01-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gannon Giguiere", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gannon Giguiere, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 3, 2024 as release LR-25920. The respondents named are Gannon Giguiere (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25920" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25920" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gannon-giguiere-insider-trading-2024/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diana-mae-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Diana Mae Fernandez (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25918", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25918", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Diana Mae Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Diana Mae Fernandez, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 28, 2023 as release LR-25918. The respondents named are Diana Mae Fernandez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25918" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25918" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diana-mae-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barnbridge-dao-chat-group-pumps-2023", "title": "SEC v. BarnBridge DAO (chat group pumps, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21817", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11262.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11262.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-12-22", "dateResolved": "2023-12-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BarnBridge DAO", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with BarnBridge DAO, alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2023 as release 3-21817. The respondents named are BarnBridge DAO (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11262.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11262.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barnbridge-dao-chat-group-pumps-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tyler-ward-and-troy-murray-chat-group-pumps-2023", "title": "SEC v. Tyler Ward and Troy Murray (chat group pumps, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21815", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11261.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11261.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-12-22", "dateResolved": "2023-12-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tyler Ward and Troy Murray", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tyler Ward and Troy Murray, alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2023 as release 3-21815. The respondents named are Tyler Ward and Troy Murray (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11261.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11261.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tyler-ward-and-troy-murray-chat-group-pumps-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-agridime-llc-joshua-link-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Agridime LLC, Joshua Link, and Jed Wood (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25914", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25914", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Agridime LLC, Joshua Link,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jed Wood", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Agridime LLC, Joshua Link, and Jed Wood, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2023 as release LR-25914. The respondents named are Agridime LLC, Joshua Link, and Jed Wood (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25914" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25914" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-agridime-llc-joshua-link-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dozy-mmobuosi-et-al-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Dozy Mmobuosi, et al. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25913", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dozy Mmobuosi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dozy Mmobuosi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2023. The respondents named are Dozy Mmobuosi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25913" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25913" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dozy-mmobuosi-et-al-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-titanium-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Titanium Capital LLC and others (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25912", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25912", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Titanium Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Henry Abdo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Carol Ann Barsh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Titanium Capital LLC, Henry Abdo and Carol Ann Barsh, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2023 as release LR-25912. The respondents named are Titanium Capital LLC, Henry Abdo and Carol Ann Barsh (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25912" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25912" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-titanium-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-freepoint-commodities-llc-insider-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Freepoint Commodities LLC (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8834-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8834-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9906/enffreepointcommoditiesorder120423/download", "dateFiled": "2023-12-14", "dateResolved": "2023-12-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Freepoint Commodities LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 91000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Freepoint Commodities LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $91 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 14, 2023 as release 8834-23. The respondents named are Freepoint Commodities LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $91 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8834-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8834-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9906/enffreepointcommoditiesorder120423/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-freepoint-commodities-llc-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-m-komarow-free-riding-and-parking-2023", "title": "SEC v. Andrew M. Komarow (free riding and parking, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25908", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25908", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-08", "dateResolved": "2023-12-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew M. Komarow", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew M. Komarow, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 8, 2023 as release LR-25908. The respondents named are Andrew M. Komarow (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25908" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25908" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-m-komarow-free-riding-and-parking-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-raymond-j-pirrello-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., et al. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25907", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25907", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 7, 2023 as release LR-25907. The respondents named are Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25907" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25907" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-raymond-j-pirrello-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-e-wexler-pump-and-dump-2023", "title": "SEC v. Marc E. Wexler (price manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25905", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25905", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-12-05", "dateResolved": "2023-12-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc E. Wexler", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2218599, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marc E. Wexler, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $2.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 5, 2023 as release LR-25905. The respondents named are Marc E. Wexler (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25905" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25905" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-e-wexler-pump-and-dump-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-defrancesco-marlio-mauricio-diaz-cardona-carlos-felipe-rezk-nicola-fa", "title": "SEC v. Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nicola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco (pump and dump, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25904", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25904", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-29", "dateResolved": "2023-11-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nicola Faukovic,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Catherine DeFrancesco", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 223229, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nicola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $223,229.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2023 as release LR-25904. The respondents named are Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nicola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $223,229. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25904" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25904" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-defrancesco-marlio-mauricio-diaz-cardona-carlos-felipe-rezk-nicola-fa/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-m-dupont-et-al-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joseph M. Dupont et al. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25903", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25903", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-28", "dateResolved": "2023-11-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph M. Dupont et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph M. Dupont et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 28, 2023 as release LR-25903. The respondents named are Joseph M. Dupont et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25903" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25903" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-m-dupont-et-al-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-lim-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Lim (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8826-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8826-23", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-21", "dateResolved": "2023-11-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Binance" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Lim, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2023 as release 8826-23. The respondents named are Lim (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with Binance identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8826-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8826-23" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-lim-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lr-25897-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. unnamed respondents (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25897", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25897", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2023 as release LR-25897. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25897" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25897" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lr-25897-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-laidlaw-and-company-uk-ltd-churning-2023", "title": "SEC v. Laidlaw and Company (UK) Ltd. (churning, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98983", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98983.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98983.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-11-20", "dateResolved": "2023-11-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Laidlaw and Company (UK) Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 445860, "penaltyUsd": 223328, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 51844, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Laidlaw and Company (UK) Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records a civil penalty of $223,328, prejudgment interest of $51,844.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 20, 2023 as release 34-98983. The respondents named are Laidlaw and Company (UK) Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $223,328, prejudgment interest of $51,844. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98983.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98983.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-laidlaw-and-company-uk-ltd-churning-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-based-phillip-galles-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago-based Phillip Galles (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8823-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8823-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9746/enftycheassetmanagementorder110823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-11-15", "dateResolved": "2023-11-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago-based Phillip Galles", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 20000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago-based Phillip Galles, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $20 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 15, 2023 as release 8823-23. The respondents named are Chicago-based Phillip Galles (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $20 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8823-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8823-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9746/enftycheassetmanagementorder110823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-based-phillip-galles-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-melton-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Melton (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25893", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25893", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Melton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Melton, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 15, 2023 as release LR-25893. The respondents named are Matthew Melton (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25893" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25893" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-melton-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charter-communications-inc-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Charter Communications, Inc. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98923", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98923.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98923.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-11-14", "dateResolved": "2023-11-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charter Communications, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charter Communications, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2023 as release 34-98923. The respondents named are Charter Communications, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98923.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98923.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charter-communications-inc-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-a-masanotti-jr-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. John A. Masanotti, Jr. and Middlesex Mortgage Group, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25891", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25891", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John A. Masanotti, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Middlesex Mortgage Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John A. Masanotti, Jr. and Middlesex Mortgage Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2023 as release LR-25891. The respondents named are John A. Masanotti, Jr. and Middlesex Mortgage Group, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25891" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25891" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-a-masanotti-jr-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-hsbc-bank-usa-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. HSBC Bank USA (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8822-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8822-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9716/DOE_ResultsFY23_AddendumA110723/download", "dateFiled": "2023-11-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "HSBC Bank USA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "insider-trading", "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "crypto", "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Binance", "CBOT", "CME", "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1733838372, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against HSBC Bank USA, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes, insider trading, price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.7 billion.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2023 as release 8822-23. The respondents named are HSBC Bank USA (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes, insider trading, price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and crypto and futures and fx, with Binance, CBOT, CME, ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.7 billion. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8822-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8822-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9716/DOE_ResultsFY23_AddendumA110723/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-hsbc-bank-usa-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-safemoon-llc-safemoon-us-llc-kyle-nagy-braden-john-karony-thomas-glenn-smith", "title": "SEC v. SafeMoon LLC, SafeMoon US LLC, Kyle Nagy, Braden John Karony, Thomas Glenn Smith (wash trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25888", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25888", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-11-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "SafeMoon LLC, SafeMoon US LLC, Kyle Nagy, Braden John Karony, Thomas Glenn Smith", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against SafeMoon LLC, SafeMoon US LLC, Kyle Nagy, Braden John Karony, Thomas Glenn Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 1, 2023 as release LR-25888. The respondents named are SafeMoon LLC, SafeMoon US LLC, Kyle Nagy, Braden John Karony, Thomas Glenn Smith (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25888" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25888" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-safemoon-llc-safemoon-us-llc-kyle-nagy-braden-john-karony-thomas-glenn-smith/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-conlan-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Conlan (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98824", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98824.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98824.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-10-30", "dateResolved": "2023-10-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Conlan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Conlan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 30, 2023 as release 34-98824. The respondents named are Joseph Conlan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and fx, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98824.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98824.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-conlan-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25886", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25886", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-10-27", "dateResolved": "2023-10-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joshua Tyrell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2023 as release LR-25886. The respondents named are Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25886" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25886" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-blackrock-advisors-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2023", "title": "SEC v. BlackRock Advisors, LLC (benchmark submission rigging, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21786", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6468.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6468.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-10-24", "dateResolved": "2023-10-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BlackRock Advisors, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with BlackRock Advisors, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 24, 2023 as release 3-21786. The respondents named are BlackRock Advisors, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6468.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6468.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-blackrock-advisors-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-minnesota-grain-merchandiser-price-manipulation-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Minnesota Grain Merchandiser (price manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8810-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8810-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9491/enfceresglobalorder102323/download", "dateFiled": "2023-10-23", "dateResolved": "2023-10-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Minnesota Grain Merchandiser", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Minnesota Grain Merchandiser, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $3 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 23, 2023 as release 8810-23. The respondents named are Minnesota Grain Merchandiser (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8810-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8810-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9491/enfceresglobalorder102323/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-minnesota-grain-merchandiser-price-manipulation-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-marc-rubin-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brian Marc Rubin (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25882", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25882", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-10-17", "dateResolved": "2023-10-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Marc Rubin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Marc Rubin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 17, 2023 as release LR-25882. The respondents named are Brian Marc Rubin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25882" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25882" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-marc-rubin-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-m-motil-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Matthew M. Motil, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25879", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25879", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-10-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew M. Motil, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew M. Motil, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 4, 2023 as release LR-25879. The respondents named are Matthew M. Motil, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25879" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25879" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-m-motil-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zera-financial-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Zera Financial LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25878", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25878", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zera Financial LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Zera Financial LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2023 as release LR-25878. The respondents named are Zera Financial LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-10-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25878" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25878" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zera-financial-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-florida-man-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Florida Man and His Company (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8795-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8795-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9381/enfrobertopulidocomplaint092823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Florida Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Florida Man and His Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2023 as release 8795-23. The respondents named are Florida Man and His Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8795-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8795-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9381/enfrobertopulidocomplaint092823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-florida-man-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bin-hao-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Bin Hao and Qidian LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25867", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25867", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bin Hao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Qidian LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bin Hao and Qidian LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2023 as release LR-25867. The respondents named are Bin Hao and Qidian LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25867" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25867" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bin-hao-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-feloni-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. John Feloni and Stock Squirrel, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25871", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25871", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Feloni", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stock Squirrel, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Feloni and Stock Squirrel, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2023 as release LR-25871. The respondents named are John Feloni and Stock Squirrel, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25871" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25871" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-feloni-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-maxim-group-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023", "title": "SEC v. Maxim Group, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98605", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98605.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98605.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-29", "dateResolved": "2023-09-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Maxim Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Maxim Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2023 as release 34-98605. The respondents named are Maxim Group, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98605.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98605.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-maxim-group-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nano-x-imaging-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Nano-x Imaging Ltd. and Ran Poliakine (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25876", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25876", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-29", "dateResolved": "2023-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nano-x Imaging Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ran Poliakine", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 650000, "disgorgementUsd": 266836, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Nano-x Imaging Ltd. and Ran Poliakine, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $650,000, disgorgement of $266,836.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2023 as release LR-25876. The respondents named are Nano-x Imaging Ltd. and Ran Poliakine (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $650,000, disgorgement of $266,836. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25876" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25876" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nano-x-imaging-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8791-23-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8791-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8791-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9356/enfregalassetscomplaint092723/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2023 as release 8791-23. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8791-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8791-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9356/enfregalassetscomplaint092723/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8791-23-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-unregistered-pool-operator-and-its-owner-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Unregistered Pool Operator and its Owner (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8792-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8792-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9371/enfdarrenrobinsoncomplaint092823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Unregistered Pool Operator and its Owner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Unregistered Pool Operator and its Owner, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2023 as release 8792-23. The respondents named are Unregistered Pool Operator and its Owner (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8792-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8792-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9371/enfdarrenrobinsoncomplaint092823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-unregistered-pool-operator-and-its-owner-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-viggiano-stephen-a-forlano-christopher-salamone-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Viggiano, Stephen A. Forlano, Christopher Salamone, and Nathan Bleckley (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25861", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25861", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Viggiano, Stephen A. Forlano, Christopher Salamone,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nathan Bleckley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Anthony Viggiano, Stephen A. Forlano, Christopher Salamone, and Nathan Bleckley, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2023 as release LR-25861. The respondents named are Anthony Viggiano, Stephen A. Forlano, Christopher Salamone, and Nathan Bleckley (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25861" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25861" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-viggiano-stephen-a-forlano-christopher-salamone-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marco-a-perez-pedro-perez-jr-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Marco A Perez, Pedro Perez Jr., and Olivia Perez Durbin (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25862", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25862", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-28", "dateResolved": "2023-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marco A Perez, Pedro Perez Jr.,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Olivia Perez Durbin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 141252, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marco A Perez, Pedro Perez Jr., and Olivia Perez Durbin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $141,252. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2023 as release LR-25862. The respondents named are Marco A Perez, Pedro Perez Jr., and Olivia Perez Durbin (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $141,252. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25862" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25862" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marco-a-perez-pedro-perez-jr-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-blumer-john-kuprianchik-david-page-steven-thompson-joseph-todaro-chu", "title": "SEC v. Michael Blumer, John Kuprianchik, David Page, Steven Thompson, Joseph Todaro (churning, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25863", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25863", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Blumer, John Kuprianchik, David Page, Steven Thompson, Joseph Todaro", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Blumer, John Kuprianchik, David Page, Steven Thompson, Joseph Todaro, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2023 as release LR-25863. The respondents named are Michael Blumer, John Kuprianchik, David Page, Steven Thompson, Joseph Todaro (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25863" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25863" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-blumer-john-kuprianchik-david-page-steven-thompson-joseph-todaro-chu/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-dichao-xie-insider-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Dichao Xie (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8787-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8787-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9351/enfdichaxie092623/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-27", "dateResolved": "2023-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dichao Xie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 350000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Dichao Xie, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $350,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2023 as release 8787-23. The respondents named are Dichao Xie (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $350,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8787-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8787-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9351/enfdichaxie092623/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-dichao-xie-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cloudastructure-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Cloudastructure, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21743", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11244.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11244.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-27", "dateResolved": "2023-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cloudastructure, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 558071, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cloudastructure, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $558,071.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2023 as release 3-21743. The respondents named are Cloudastructure, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $558,071. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11244.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11244.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cloudastructure-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hightimes-holding-corp-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Hightimes Holding Corp. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21741", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11243.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11243.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-27", "dateResolved": "2023-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hightimes Holding Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Hightimes Holding Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2023 as release 3-21741. The respondents named are Hightimes Holding Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11243.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11243.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hightimes-holding-corp-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peixin-xu-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Peixin Xu (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98550", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98550.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98550.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-27", "dateResolved": "2023-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peixin Xu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Peixin Xu, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2023 as release 34-98550. The respondents named are Peixin Xu (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98550.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98550.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peixin-xu-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-del-prete-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Robert Del Prete (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25859", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25859", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-27", "dateResolved": "2023-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Del Prete", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Del Prete, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2023 as release LR-25859. The respondents named are Robert Del Prete (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25859" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25859" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-del-prete-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-dallas-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Dallas and Los Angeles Area Precious Metals Dealers (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8784-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8784-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9286/enfmorancomplaint091823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dallas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Los Angeles Area Precious Metals Dealers", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Dallas and Los Angeles Area Precious Metals Dealers, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2023 as release 8784-23. The respondents named are Dallas and Los Angeles Area Precious Metals Dealers (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8784-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8784-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9286/enfmorancomplaint091823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9291/enfmoranorder092023/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-dallas-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-florida-man-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Florida Man (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8786-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8786-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9336/enfpatrickwonseycomplaint092623/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Florida Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Florida Man, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2023 as release 8786-23. The respondents named are Florida Man (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8786-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8786-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9336/enfpatrickwonseycomplaint092623/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-florida-man-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruderman-asset-management-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Bruderman Asset Management, LLC and Gary Goldberg Planning Services, LLC and Matthew J. Bruderman (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6435", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6435.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6435.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-26", "dateResolved": "2023-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruderman Asset Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gary Goldberg Planning Services, LLC and Matthew J. Bruderman", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Bruderman Asset Management, LLC and Gary Goldberg Planning Services, LLC and Matthew J. Bruderman, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2023 as release IA-6435. The respondents named are Bruderman Asset Management, LLC and Gary Goldberg Planning Services, LLC and Matthew J. Bruderman (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6435.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6435.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruderman-asset-management-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-philip-verges-james-d-tilton-jr-robert-f-malin-linda-malin-pump-and-dump-202", "title": "SEC v. Philip Verges, James D. Tilton, Jr., Robert F. Malin, Linda Malin, and others (pump and dump, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25853", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25853", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Philip Verges, James D. Tilton, Jr., Robert F. Malin, Linda Malin,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Blue Citi, LLC, Defendants,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "SMEA2Z, LLC, 143 Partners LLC, West Cucharras, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "JDT Trading, LLC, Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Philip Verges, James D. Tilton, Jr., Robert F. Malin, Linda Malin,, Blue Citi, LLC, Defendants,, SMEA2Z, LLC, 143 Partners LLC, West Cucharras, LLC, and JDT Trading, LLC, Relief Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2023 as release LR-25853. The respondents named are Philip Verges, James D. Tilton, Jr., Robert F. Malin, Linda Malin,, Blue Citi, LLC, Defendants,, SMEA2Z, LLC, 143 Partners LLC, West Cucharras, LLC, and JDT Trading, LLC, Relief Defendants (1 individual, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25853" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25853" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-philip-verges-james-d-tilton-jr-robert-f-malin-linda-malin-pump-and-dump-202/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-b-mchenry-jr-and-first-south-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. William B. McHenry, Jr. and First South Investments, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98520", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98520.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98520.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-26", "dateResolved": "2023-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William B. McHenry, Jr. and First South Investments, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William B. McHenry, Jr. and First South Investments, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2023 as release 34-98520. The respondents named are William B. McHenry, Jr. and First South Investments, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98520.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98520.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-b-mchenry-jr-and-first-south-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-caridi-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Michael Caridi (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25847", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25847", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Caridi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Caridi, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2023 as release LR-25847. The respondents named are Michael Caridi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25847" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25847" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-caridi-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-l-bailey-sapphire-exploration-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Stephen L. Bailey, Sapphire Exploration LLC, and Harris Exploration Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25851", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25851", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen L. Bailey, Sapphire Exploration LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Harris Exploration Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Stephen L. Bailey, Sapphire Exploration LLC, and Harris Exploration Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2023 as release LR-25851. The respondents named are Stephen L. Bailey, Sapphire Exploration LLC, and Harris Exploration Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25851" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25851" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-l-bailey-sapphire-exploration-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-resident-wash-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. California Resident (wash trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8781-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8781-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9276/enfjieelaineyuorder092223/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-22", "dateResolved": "2023-09-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "California Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against California Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $300,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2023 as release 8781-23. The respondents named are California Resident (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8781-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8781-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9276/enfjieelaineyuorder092223/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-resident-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-citadel-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023", "title": "SEC v. Citadel Securities, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98482", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98482.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98482.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-22", "dateResolved": "2023-09-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citadel Securities, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Citadel Securities, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2023 as release 34-98482. The respondents named are Citadel Securities, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98482.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98482.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-citadel-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-empirex-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Empirex Capital LLC and Rafael Alberto Vargas Gonzalez, a/k/a Rafael Vargas (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25845", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25845", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Empirex Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rafael Alberto Vargas Gonzalez, a/k/a Rafael Vargas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Empirex Capital LLC and Rafael Alberto Vargas Gonzalez, a/k/a Rafael Vargas, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2023 as release LR-25845. The respondents named are Empirex Capital LLC and Rafael Alberto Vargas Gonzalez, a/k/a Rafael Vargas (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25845" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25845" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-empirex-capital-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathalia-i-burgos-christian-a-cuesta-steven-a-fernandez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-", "title": "SEC v. Nathalia I. Burgos, Christian A. Cuesta, Steven A. Fernandez et. al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25846", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25846", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-22", "dateResolved": "2023-09-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathalia I. Burgos, Christian A. Cuesta, Steven A. Fernandez et. al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 755017, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nathalia I. Burgos, Christian A. Cuesta, Steven A. Fernandez et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $755,017.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2023 as release LR-25846. The respondents named are Nathalia I. Burgos, Christian A. Cuesta, Steven A. Fernandez et. al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $755,017. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25846" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25846" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathalia-i-burgos-christian-a-cuesta-steven-a-fernandez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jon-p-kubler-kubler-consulting-llc-aksarben-evolution-llc-av-bhill-llc-cfh-t", "title": "SEC v. Jon P. Kubler, Kubler Consulting LLC, Aksarben Evolution LLC, AV Bhill LLC, CFH Texas LLC, Green Saddle LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25842", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25842", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jon P. Kubler, Kubler Consulting LLC, Aksarben Evolution LLC, AV Bhill LLC, CFH Texas LLC, Green Saddle LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jon P. Kubler, Kubler Consulting LLC, Aksarben Evolution LLC, AV Bhill LLC, CFH Texas LLC, Green Saddle LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2023 as release LR-25842. The respondents named are Jon P. Kubler, Kubler Consulting LLC, Aksarben Evolution LLC, AV Bhill LLC, CFH Texas LLC, Green Saddle LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25842" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25842" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jon-p-kubler-kubler-consulting-llc-aksarben-evolution-llc-av-bhill-llc-cfh-t/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-becker-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan Becker (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25843", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25843", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-21", "dateResolved": "2023-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan Becker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jonathan Becker, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2023 as release LR-25843. The respondents named are Jonathan Becker (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25843" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25843" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-becker-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-luis-ricardo-quiroz-gardea-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Luis Ricardo Quiroz Gardea (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25840", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25840", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-21", "dateResolved": "2023-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Luis Ricardo Quiroz Gardea", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Luis Ricardo Quiroz Gardea, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2023 as release LR-25840. The respondents named are Luis Ricardo Quiroz Gardea (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25840" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25840" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-luis-ricardo-quiroz-gardea-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mfb-111-investment-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. MFB 111 Investment, LLC and Monise François Bien Aimé (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25833", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25833", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "MFB 111 Investment, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Monise François Bien Aimé", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against MFB 111 Investment, LLC and Monise François Bien Aimé, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2023 as release LR-25833. The respondents named are MFB 111 Investment, LLC and Monise François Bien Aimé (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25833" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25833" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mfb-111-investment-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tilila-walker-sumchai-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Tilila Walker Sumchai (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25838", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25838", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tilila Walker Sumchai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tilila Walker Sumchai, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2023 as release LR-25838. The respondents named are Tilila Walker Sumchai (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25838" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25838" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tilila-walker-sumchai-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ggtoor-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. GGToor, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11236", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11236.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11236.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-18", "dateResolved": "2023-09-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "GGToor, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with GGToor, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2023 as release 33-11236. The respondents named are GGToor, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11236.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11236.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ggtoor-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-j-ferrie-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan J. Ferrie (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25830", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25830", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-18", "dateResolved": "2023-09-18", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan J. Ferrie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 33000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1497, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jonathan J. Ferrie, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $33,000, prejudgment interest of $1,497.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2023 as release LR-25830. The respondents named are Jonathan J. Ferrie (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $33,000, prejudgment interest of $1,497. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25830" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25830" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-j-ferrie-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lyft-inc-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Lyft, Inc. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98413", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98413.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98413.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-18", "dateResolved": "2023-09-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lyft, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lyft, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2023 as release 34-98413. The respondents named are Lyft, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98413.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98413.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lyft-inc-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-xia-hong-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Xia Hong (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98401", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98401.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98401.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-14", "dateResolved": "2023-09-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Xia Hong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Xia Hong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2023 as release 34-98401. The respondents named are Xia Hong (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98401.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98401.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-xia-hong-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rand-heckler-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Rand Heckler (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21660", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98374.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98374.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-13", "dateResolved": "2023-09-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rand Heckler", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rand Heckler, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2023 as release 3-21660. The respondents named are Rand Heckler (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98374.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98374.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rand-heckler-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stoner-cats-2-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Stoner Cats 2, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11233", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11233.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11233.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-13", "dateResolved": "2023-09-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stoner Cats 2, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stoner Cats 2, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2023 as release 33-11233. The respondents named are Stoner Cats 2, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11233.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11233.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stoner-cats-2-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-esos-rings-inc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Esos Rings, Inc. and Michelle Silverstein aka Michelle Silverstein Bisnoff (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25826", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25826", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-12", "dateResolved": "2023-09-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Esos Rings, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michelle Silverstein aka Michelle Silverstein Bisnoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 233229, "disgorgementUsd": 566483, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 46836, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Esos Rings, Inc. and Michelle Silverstein aka Michelle Silverstein Bisnoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $233,229, disgorgement of $566,483, prejudgment interest of $46,836.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2023 as release LR-25826. The respondents named are Esos Rings, Inc. and Michelle Silverstein aka Michelle Silverstein Bisnoff (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $233,229, disgorgement of $566,483, prejudgment interest of $46,836. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25826" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25826" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-esos-rings-inc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-stubos-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. George Stubos (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25824", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25824", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-12", "dateResolved": "2023-09-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "George Stubos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5367926, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 806108, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against George Stubos, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $806,108.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2023 as release LR-25824. The respondents named are George Stubos (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $806,108. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25824" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25824" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-stubos-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-virtu-financial-inc-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Virtu Financial Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25827", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25827", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Virtu Financial Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Virtu Americas LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Virtu Financial Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 12, 2023 as release LR-25827. The respondents named are Virtu Financial Inc. and Virtu Americas LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25827" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25827" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-virtu-financial-inc-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mortgage-industry-advisory-corporation-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Mortgage Industry Advisory Corporation (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6413", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6413.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6413.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-11", "dateResolved": "2023-09-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mortgage Industry Advisory Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mortgage Industry Advisory Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2023 as release IA-6413. The respondents named are Mortgage Industry Advisory Corporation (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6413.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6413.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mortgage-industry-advisory-corporation-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-simplex-trading-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023", "title": "SEC v. Simplex Trading, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98346", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98346.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98346.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-11", "dateResolved": "2023-09-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Simplex Trading, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Simplex Trading, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2023 as release 34-98346. The respondents named are Simplex Trading, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98346.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98346.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-simplex-trading-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mina-tadrus-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Mina Tadrus, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25823", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25823", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-09-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mina Tadrus, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mina Tadrus, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2023 as release LR-25823. The respondents named are Mina Tadrus, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25823" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25823" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mina-tadrus-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-firm-settlement-price-manipulation-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Texas Firm and Head Trader (spoofing, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8773-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8773-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9206/enflogistaadvisorscomplaint090723/download", "dateFiled": "2023-09-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Head Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Texas Firm and Head Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2023 as release 8773-23. The respondents named are Texas Firm and Head Trader (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, ICE identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8773-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8773-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9206/enflogistaadvisorscomplaint090723/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-firm-settlement-price-manipulation-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-linus-financial-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Linus Financial, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11229", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11229.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11229.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-09-07", "dateResolved": "2023-09-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Linus Financial, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Linus Financial, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2023 as release 33-11229. The respondents named are Linus Financial, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11229.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11229.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-linus-financial-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brady-jack-speers-chatree-thiranon-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brady Jack Speers, Chatree Thiranon, and GHAP, LLC d/b/a Blue Star Texas (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25818", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25818", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-31", "dateResolved": "2023-08-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brady Jack Speers, Chatree Thiranon,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "GHAP, LLC d/b/a Blue Star Texas", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brady Jack Speers, Chatree Thiranon, and GHAP, LLC d/b/a Blue Star Texas, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 31, 2023 as release LR-25818. The respondents named are Brady Jack Speers, Chatree Thiranon, and GHAP, LLC d/b/a Blue Star Texas (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25818" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25818" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brady-jack-speers-chatree-thiranon-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-v-conn-jr-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. William V. Conn, Jr. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25819", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25819", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William V. Conn, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William V. Conn, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 31, 2023 as release LR-25819. The respondents named are William V. Conn, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25819" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25819" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-v-conn-jr-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-archipelago-trading-services-inc-layering-2023", "title": "SEC v. Archipelago Trading Services, Inc. (layering, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-98234", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98234.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98234.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-08-29", "dateResolved": "2023-08-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Archipelago Trading Services, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Archipelago Trading Services, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as layering, spoofing and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2023 as release 34-98234. The respondents named are Archipelago Trading Services, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98234.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-98234.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-archipelago-trading-services-inc-layering-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deyonte-jahtori-anthony-free-riding-and-parking-2023", "title": "SEC v. Deyonte Jahtori Anthony (free riding and parking, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25816", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25816", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-28", "dateResolved": "2023-08-28", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Deyonte Jahtori Anthony", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Deyonte Jahtori Anthony, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2023 as release LR-25816. The respondents named are Deyonte Jahtori Anthony (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25816" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25816" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deyonte-jahtori-anthony-free-riding-and-parking-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-impact-theory-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Impact Theory, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11226", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11226.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11226.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-08-28", "dateResolved": "2023-08-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Impact Theory, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 978000, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Impact Theory, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2023 as release 33-11226. The respondents named are Impact Theory, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11226.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11226.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-impact-theory-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-romero-cabral-da-costa-neto-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Romero Cabral da Costa Neto (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25815", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25815", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Romero Cabral da Costa Neto", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Romero Cabral da Costa Neto, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 24, 2023 as release LR-25815. The respondents named are Romero Cabral da Costa Neto (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25815" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25815" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-romero-cabral-da-costa-neto-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-man-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Texas Man and His Company (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8768-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8768-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9171/enfcambridgecomplaint082323/download", "dateFiled": "2023-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Texas Man and His Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2023 as release 8768-23. The respondents named are Texas Man and His Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8768-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8768-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9171/enfcambridgecomplaint082323/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-man-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-v-t-catenacci-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Daniel V.T. Catenacci (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25813", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25813", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-21", "dateResolved": "2023-08-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel V.T. Catenacci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel V.T. Catenacci, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2023 as release LR-25813. The respondents named are Daniel V.T. Catenacci (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25813" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25813" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-v-t-catenacci-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carla-lea-chastain-churning-2023", "title": "SEC v. Carla Lea Chastain (churning, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6379", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6379.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6379.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-08-18", "dateResolved": "2023-08-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carla Lea Chastain", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Carla Lea Chastain, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2023 as release IA-6379. The respondents named are Carla Lea Chastain (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6379.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6379.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carla-lea-chastain-churning-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chad-stickforth-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Chad Stickforth (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25806", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25806", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-08", "dateResolved": "2023-08-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chad Stickforth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1546197, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Chad Stickforth, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2023 as release LR-25806. The respondents named are Chad Stickforth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25806" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25806" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chad-stickforth-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-rustin-holzer-maglione-international-ltd-frontenac-investments-ltd-i", "title": "SEC v. Charles Rustin Holzer, Maglione International Ltd., Frontenac Investments Ltd. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25805", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25805", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-07", "dateResolved": "2023-08-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Rustin Holzer, Maglione International Ltd., Frontenac Investments Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 331389, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 84032, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charles Rustin Holzer, Maglione International Ltd., Frontenac Investments Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $331,389, prejudgment interest of $84,032.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 7, 2023 as release LR-25805. The respondents named are Charles Rustin Holzer, Maglione International Ltd., Frontenac Investments Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $331,389, prejudgment interest of $84,032. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25805" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25805" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-rustin-holzer-maglione-international-ltd-frontenac-investments-ltd-i/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-sun-tron-foundation-limited-bittorrent-foundation-ltd-rainberry-inc-a", "title": "SEC v. Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., Austin Mahone, and Deandre Cortez Way (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25803", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25803", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-07", "dateResolved": "2023-08-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., Austin Mahone,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Deandre Cortez Way", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., Austin Mahone, and Deandre Cortez Way, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 7, 2023 as release LR-25803. The respondents named are Justin Sun, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., Rainberry, Inc., Austin Mahone, and Deandre Cortez Way (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25803" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25803" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-sun-tron-foundation-limited-bittorrent-foundation-ltd-rainberry-inc-a/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jose-d-rocha-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Jose D. Rocha (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25800", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25800", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-03", "dateResolved": "2023-08-03", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jose D. Rocha", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jose D. Rocha, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2023 as release LR-25800. The respondents named are Jose D. Rocha (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25800" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25800" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jose-d-rocha-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-janardhan-nellore-et-al-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Janardhan Nellore, et al. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25796", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25796", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-02", "dateResolved": "2023-08-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Janardhan Nellore, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 16614, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Janardhan Nellore, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $16,614.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 2, 2023 as release LR-25796. The respondents named are Janardhan Nellore, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $16,614. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25796" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25796" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-janardhan-nellore-et-al-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mina-tadrus-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Mina Tadrus and Tadrus Capital LLC (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25798", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25798", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-08-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mina Tadrus", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Tadrus Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mina Tadrus and Tadrus Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 2, 2023 as release LR-25798. The respondents named are Mina Tadrus and Tadrus Capital LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25798" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25798" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mina-tadrus-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-uk-trader-spoofing-2023", "title": "CFTC v. UK Trader (spoofing, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8760-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8760-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9091/enfadamcobbwebborder080123/download", "dateFiled": "2023-08-01", "dateResolved": "2023-08-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "UK Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against UK Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2023 as release 8760-23. The respondents named are UK Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8760-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8760-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/9091/enfadamcobbwebborder080123/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-uk-trader-spoofing-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-moshe-aka-mark-feuer-scott-a-taylor-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Moshe aka \"Mark\" Feuer, Scott A. Taylor (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21538", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6359.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6359.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-31", "dateResolved": "2023-07-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Moshe aka \"Mark\" Feuer, Scott A. Taylor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 44038, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Moshe aka \"Mark\" Feuer, Scott A. Taylor, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records prejudgment interest of $44,038. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2023 as release 3-21538. The respondents named are Moshe aka \"Mark\" Feuer, Scott A. Taylor (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $44,038. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6359.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6359.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-moshe-aka-mark-feuer-scott-a-taylor-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-murray-a-huberfeld-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Murray A. Huberfeld (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21537", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6358.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6358.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-31", "dateResolved": "2023-07-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Murray A. Huberfeld", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 224065, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Murray A. Huberfeld, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records prejudgment interest of $224,065. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2023 as release 3-21537. The respondents named are Murray A. Huberfeld (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $224,065. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6358.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/ia/2023/ia-6358.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-murray-a-huberfeld-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brent-seaman-accanito-holdings-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brent Seaman, Accanito Holdings, LLC, and others (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25791", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25791", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-28", "dateResolved": "2023-07-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brent Seaman, Accanito Holdings, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Accanito Equity, LLC, Accanito Equity II, LLC, Accanito Equity III, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Accanito Equity IV, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 757154, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brent Seaman, Accanito Holdings, LLC,, Accanito Equity, LLC, Accanito Equity II, LLC, Accanito Equity III, LLC, and Accanito Equity IV, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $757,154.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2023 as release LR-25791. The respondents named are Brent Seaman, Accanito Holdings, LLC,, Accanito Equity, LLC, Accanito Equity II, LLC, Accanito Equity III, LLC, and Accanito Equity IV, LLC (0 individuals, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $757,154. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25791" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25791" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brent-seaman-accanito-holdings-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-c-lewis-et-al-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joseph C. Lewis, et al. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25789", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25789", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph C. Lewis, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph C. Lewis, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2023 as release LR-25789. The respondents named are Joseph C. Lewis, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25789" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25789" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-c-lewis-et-al-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-tennessee-husband-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Tennessee Husband and Wife Realtors (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8757-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8757-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8996/enfmichaelgriffiscomplaint072423/download", "dateFiled": "2023-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tennessee Husband", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Wife Realtors", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Tennessee Husband and Wife Realtors, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2023 as release 8757-23. The respondents named are Tennessee Husband and Wife Realtors (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8757-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8757-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8996/enfmichaelgriffiscomplaint072423/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-tennessee-husband-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amit-dagar-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Amit Dagar and Atul Bhiwapurkar (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25787", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25787", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Amit Dagar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Atul Bhiwapurkar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 214395, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Amit Dagar and Atul Bhiwapurkar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2023 as release LR-25787. The respondents named are Amit Dagar and Atul Bhiwapurkar (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25787" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25787" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amit-dagar-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brandon-charnas-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brandon Charnas (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25788", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25788", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brandon Charnas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brandon Charnas, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2023 as release LR-25788. The respondents named are Brandon Charnas (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25788" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25788" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brandon-charnas-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-quantstamp-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Quantstamp, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11215", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11215.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11215.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-21", "dateResolved": "2023-07-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Quantstamp, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": 1979201, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 494314, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Quantstamp, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $494,314.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2023 as release 33-11215. The respondents named are Quantstamp, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $494,314. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11215.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11215.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-quantstamp-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-j-ej-dalius-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25783", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25783", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-20", "dateResolved": "2023-07-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 111614, "disgorgementUsd": 175000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 52129, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $111,614, disgorgement of $175,000, prejudgment interest of $52,129.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2023 as release LR-25783. The respondents named are Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $111,614, disgorgement of $175,000, prejudgment interest of $52,129. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25783" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25783" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-j-ej-dalius-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-monroe-capital-management-advisors-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97957", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-97957-s", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97957.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-20", "dateResolved": "2023-07-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2023 as release 34-97957. The respondents named are Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/administrative-proceedings/34-97957-s" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97957.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-monroe-capital-management-advisors-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-d-christensen-anthony-m-matic-foresee-inc-the-commission-pdx-llc-the-", "title": "SEC v. Robert D. Christensen, Anthony M. Matic, Foresee, Inc., The Commission PDX, LLC, The Policy PDX, Innings 150 (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25784", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25784", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-20", "dateResolved": "2023-07-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Oregon", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert D. Christensen, Anthony M. Matic, Foresee, Inc., The Commission PDX, LLC, The Policy PDX, Innings 150", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": 5374482, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert D. Christensen, Anthony M. Matic, Foresee, Inc., The Commission PDX, LLC, The Policy PDX, Innings 150, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $5.4 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2023 as release LR-25784. The respondents named are Robert D. Christensen, Anthony M. Matic, Foresee, Inc., The Commission PDX, LLC, The Policy PDX, Innings 150 (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Oregon.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $5.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25784" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25784" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-d-christensen-anthony-m-matic-foresee-inc-the-commission-pdx-llc-the-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chadd-l-evans-free-riding-and-parking-2023", "title": "SEC v. Chadd L. Evans (free riding and parking, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25782", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25782", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-19", "dateResolved": "2023-07-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chadd L. Evans", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Chadd L. Evans, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2023 as release LR-25782. The respondents named are Chadd L. Evans (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25782" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25782" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chadd-l-evans-free-riding-and-parking-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-p-anglim-boiler-rooms-2023", "title": "SEC v. James P. Anglim (boiler rooms, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25780", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25780", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-17", "dateResolved": "2023-07-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James P. Anglim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 405991, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 82009, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James P. Anglim, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $405,991, prejudgment interest of $82,009. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2023 as release LR-25780. The respondents named are James P. Anglim (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $405,991, prejudgment interest of $82,009. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25780" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25780" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-p-anglim-boiler-rooms-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nirdosh-jagota-ph-d-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Nirdosh Jagota, Ph.D. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97915", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97915.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97915.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-17", "dateResolved": "2023-07-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nirdosh Jagota, Ph.D.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 39660, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nirdosh Jagota, Ph.D., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $39,660.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2023 as release 34-97915. The respondents named are Nirdosh Jagota, Ph.D. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $39,660. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97915.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97915.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nirdosh-jagota-ph-d-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-michael-todd-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Michael Todd, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25777", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25777", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-13", "dateResolved": "2023-07-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Michael Todd, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Michael Todd, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2023 as release LR-25777. The respondents named are Joseph Michael Todd, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25777" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25777" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-michael-todd-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-florida-exchange-wash-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Florida (price manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8748-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8748-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8951/enfadamtoddfinaljudgmen0705203/download", "dateFiled": "2023-07-12", "dateResolved": "2023-07-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Florida", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 11736660, "disgorgementUsd": 3912220, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Florida, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $11.7 million, disgorgement of $3.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2023 as release 8748-23. The respondents named are Florida (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $11.7 million, disgorgement of $3.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8748-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8748-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8951/enfadamtoddfinaljudgmen0705203/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-florida-exchange-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nayeem-choudhury-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Nayeem Choudhury and Dream Venture Capital Group, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25774", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25774", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nayeem Choudhury", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dream Venture Capital Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nayeem Choudhury and Dream Venture Capital Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2023 as release LR-25774. The respondents named are Nayeem Choudhury and Dream Venture Capital Group, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25774" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25774" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nayeem-choudhury-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rse-markets-inc-matched-orders-2023", "title": "SEC v. RSE Markets, Inc. (matched orders, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97878", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97878.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97878.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-07-12", "dateResolved": "2023-07-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "RSE Markets, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with RSE Markets, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2023 as release 34-97878. The respondents named are RSE Markets, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97878.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97878.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rse-markets-inc-matched-orders-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-costello-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Costello et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25773", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25773", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-11", "dateResolved": "2023-07-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Costello et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 140000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Costello et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2023 as release LR-25773. The respondents named are Costello et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25773" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25773" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-costello-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-legend-venture-partners-llc-boiler-rooms-2023", "title": "SEC v. Legend Venture Partners LLC (boiler rooms, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25772", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25772", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Legend Venture Partners LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Legend Venture Partners LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2023 as release LR-25772. The respondents named are Legend Venture Partners LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25772" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25772" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-legend-venture-partners-llc-boiler-rooms-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-defrancesco-marlio-mauricio-diaz-cardona-carlos-felipe-rezk-nikola-fa", "title": "SEC v. Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nikola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco (pump and dump, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25771", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25771", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-07", "dateResolved": "2023-07-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nikola Faukovic,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Catherine DeFrancesco", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nikola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2023 as release LR-25771. The respondents named are Andrew DeFrancesco, Marlio Mauricio Diaz Cardona, Carlos Felipe Rezk, Nikola Faukovic, and Catherine DeFrancesco (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25771" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25771" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-defrancesco-marlio-mauricio-diaz-cardona-carlos-felipe-rezk-nikola-fa/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-unregistered-michigan-commodity-pool-operator-and-its-president-ponzi-schem", "title": "CFTC v. Unregistered Michigan Commodity Pool Operator and its President (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8744-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8744-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8896/enfkelenterprisescomplaint062823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-07-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Unregistered Michigan Commodity Pool Operator and its President", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Unregistered Michigan Commodity Pool Operator and its President, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2023 as release 8744-23. The respondents named are Unregistered Michigan Commodity Pool Operator and its President (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8744-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8744-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8896/enfkelenterprisescomplaint062823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-unregistered-michigan-commodity-pool-operator-and-its-president-ponzi-schem/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-empires-consulting-corp-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Empires Consulting Corp., et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25769", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25769", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-07-06", "dateResolved": "2023-07-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Empires Consulting Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 6000000, "disgorgementUsd": 32179070, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Empires Consulting Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $6 million, disgorgement of $32.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2023 as release LR-25769. The respondents named are Empires Consulting Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $6 million, disgorgement of $32.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-07-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25769" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25769" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-empires-consulting-corp-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-garelick-michael-shvartsman-rocket-one-capital-llc-insider-trading-202", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Garelick, Michael Shvartsman, Rocket One Capital LLC, and Gerald Shvartsman (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25760", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25760", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Garelick, Michael Shvartsman, Rocket One Capital LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gerald Shvartsman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 22900000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bruce Garelick, Michael Shvartsman, Rocket One Capital LLC, and Gerald Shvartsman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2023 as release LR-25760. The respondents named are Bruce Garelick, Michael Shvartsman, Rocket One Capital LLC, and Gerald Shvartsman (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25760" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25760" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-garelick-michael-shvartsman-rocket-one-capital-llc-insider-trading-202/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-damon-r-durante-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Damon R. Durante (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97827", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97827.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97827.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-06-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Damon R. Durante", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 784125, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Damon R. Durante, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2023 as release 34-97827. The respondents named are Damon R. Durante (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97827.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97827.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-damon-r-durante-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jordan-meadow-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Jordan Meadow and Steven Teixeira (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25765", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25765", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jordan Meadow", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Steven Teixeira", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 28600, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jordan Meadow and Steven Teixeira, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2023 as release LR-25765. The respondents named are Jordan Meadow and Steven Teixeira (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25765" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25765" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jordan-meadow-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-juan-roman-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Juan Roman (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25762", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25762", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-30", "dateResolved": "2023-06-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Juan Roman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 97752, "disgorgementUsd": 97752, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15224, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Juan Roman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $97,752, disgorgement of $97,752, prejudgment interest of $15,224.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2023 as release LR-25762. The respondents named are Juan Roman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $97,752, disgorgement of $97,752, prejudgment interest of $15,224. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25762" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25762" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-juan-roman-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8736-23-insider-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8736-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8736-23", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2023 as release 8736-23. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8736-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8736-23" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8736-23-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ashutosh-bhardwaj-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Ashutosh Bhardwaj (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97820", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97820.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97820.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-06-29", "dateResolved": "2023-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ashutosh Bhardwaj", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ashutosh Bhardwaj, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2023 as release 34-97820. The respondents named are Ashutosh Bhardwaj (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97820.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97820.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ashutosh-bhardwaj-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wilson-baston-a-k-a-chanon-gordon-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Wilson Baston (A/K/A Chanon Gordon) (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25759", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25759", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wilson Baston (A/K/A Chanon Gordon)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Wilson Baston (A/K/A Chanon Gordon), alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 28, 2023 as release LR-25759. The respondents named are Wilson Baston (A/K/A Chanon Gordon) (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25759" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25759" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wilson-baston-a-k-a-chanon-gordon-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vuuzle-media-corp-vuuzle-media-corp-limited-ronald-shane-flynn-boiler-rooms-", "title": "SEC v. Vuuzle Media Corp., Vuuzle Media Corp. Limited, Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto (boiler rooms, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25754", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25754", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-27", "dateResolved": "2023-06-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Vuuzle Media Corp., Vuuzle Media Corp. Limited, Ronald Shane Flynn,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Richard Marchitto", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25807491, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Vuuzle Media Corp., Vuuzle Media Corp. Limited, Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $25.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2023 as release LR-25754. The respondents named are Vuuzle Media Corp., Vuuzle Media Corp. Limited, Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25754" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25754" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vuuzle-media-corp-vuuzle-media-corp-limited-ronald-shane-flynn-boiler-rooms-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-royal-bengal-logistics-inc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Royal Bengal Logistics, Inc. and Sanjay Singh (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25755", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25755", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Royal Bengal Logistics, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sanjay Singh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Royal Bengal Logistics, Inc. and Sanjay Singh, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2023 as release LR-25755. The respondents named are Royal Bengal Logistics, Inc. and Sanjay Singh (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25755" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25755" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-royal-bengal-logistics-inc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8723-23-wash-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (wash trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8723-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8723-23", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2023 as release 8723-23. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8723-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8723-23" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8723-23-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hal-d-mintz-naked-short-selling-debate-2023", "title": "SEC v. Hal D. Mintz and Sabby Management LLC (naked short selling debate, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25746", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25746", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Hal D. Mintz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sabby Management LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Hal D. Mintz and Sabby Management LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 14, 2023 as release LR-25746. The respondents named are Hal D. Mintz and Sabby Management LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25746" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25746" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hal-d-mintz-naked-short-selling-debate-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-josh-s-verne-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Josh S. Verne (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25744", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25744", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Josh S. Verne", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Josh S. Verne, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 14, 2023 as release LR-25744. The respondents named are Josh S. Verne (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25744" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25744" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-josh-s-verne-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8716-23-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8716-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8716-23", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-06-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Binance" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2023 as release 8716-23. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with Binance identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-06-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8716-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8716-23" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8716-23-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chimene-van-gundy-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Chimene Van Gundy and others (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25739", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25739", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-31", "dateResolved": "2023-05-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Chimene Van Gundy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Outstanding Real Estate Solutions, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Trofimoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Santos Kidd", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Maria Tosta", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Chimene Van Gundy and 4 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 31, 2023 as release LR-25739. The respondents named are Chimene Van Gundy and 4 others (4 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25739" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25739" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chimene-van-gundy-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rtw-investments-lp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. RTW Investments, LP (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21473", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97622.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97622.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-30", "dateResolved": "2023-05-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "RTW Investments, LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with RTW Investments, LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 30, 2023 as release 3-21473. The respondents named are RTW Investments, LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97622.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97622.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rtw-investments-lp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eleazar-kauderer-gpl-ventures-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Eleazar Kauderer, GPL Ventures LLC, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25734", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25734", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-24", "dateResolved": "2023-05-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eleazar Kauderer, GPL Ventures LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 888012, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 23783, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eleazar Kauderer, GPL Ventures LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $888,012, prejudgment interest of $23,783.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2023 as release LR-25734. The respondents named are Eleazar Kauderer, GPL Ventures LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $888,012, prejudgment interest of $23,783. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25734" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25734" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eleazar-kauderer-gpl-ventures-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-integrated-national-resources-inc-dba-weedgenics-rolf-max-hirschmann-aka-max", "title": "SEC v. Integrated National Resources, Inc. dba WeedGenics, Rolf Max Hirschmann aka \"Max Bergmann,\" and Patrick Earl Williams (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25733", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25733", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Integrated National Resources, Inc. dba WeedGenics, Rolf Max Hirschmann aka \"Max Bergmann,\"", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Patrick Earl Williams", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Integrated National Resources, Inc. dba WeedGenics, Rolf Max Hirschmann aka \"Max Bergmann,\" and Patrick Earl Williams, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2023 as release LR-25733. The respondents named are Integrated National Resources, Inc. dba WeedGenics, Rolf Max Hirschmann aka \"Max Bergmann,\" and Patrick Earl Williams (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25733" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25733" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-integrated-national-resources-inc-dba-weedgenics-rolf-max-hirschmann-aka-max/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-carter-ronk-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Thomas Carter Ronk (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25732", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25732", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-22", "dateResolved": "2023-05-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas Carter Ronk", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Thomas Carter Ronk, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2023 as release LR-25732. The respondents named are Thomas Carter Ronk (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25732" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25732" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-carter-ronk-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sam-a-antar-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Sam A. Antar (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25730", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25730", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-19", "dateResolved": "2023-05-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sam A. Antar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 567000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 88754, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sam A. Antar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $567,000, prejudgment interest of $88,754. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 19, 2023 as release LR-25730. The respondents named are Sam A. Antar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $567,000, prejudgment interest of $88,754. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25730" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25730" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sam-a-antar-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-raymond-callahan-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brian Raymond Callahan et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25728", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25728", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-17", "dateResolved": "2023-05-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Raymond Callahan et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 144, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Raymond Callahan et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 144 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 17, 2023 as release LR-25728. The respondents named are Brian Raymond Callahan et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 144 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25728" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25728" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-raymond-callahan-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-green-stream-holdings-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Green Stream Holdings, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11192", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11192.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11192.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-16", "dateResolved": "2023-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Green Stream Holdings, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Green Stream Holdings, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2023 as release 33-11192. The respondents named are Green Stream Holdings, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11192.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11192.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-green-stream-holdings-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-livewire-ergogenics-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. LiveWire Ergogenics, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11185", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11185.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11185.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-16", "dateResolved": "2023-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "LiveWire Ergogenics, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with LiveWire Ergogenics, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2023 as release 33-11185. The respondents named are LiveWire Ergogenics, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11185.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11185.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-livewire-ergogenics-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-principal-solar-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Principal Solar, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11187", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11187.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11187.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-16", "dateResolved": "2023-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Principal Solar, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Principal Solar, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2023 as release 33-11187. The respondents named are Principal Solar, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11187.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11187.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-principal-solar-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sflmaven-corp-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. SFLMaven Corp. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11188", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11188.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11188.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-16", "dateResolved": "2023-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SFLMaven Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with SFLMaven Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2023 as release 33-11188. The respondents named are SFLMaven Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11188.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11188.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sflmaven-corp-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-verde-bio-holdings-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Verde Bio Holdings, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11189", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11189.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11189.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-16", "dateResolved": "2023-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Verde Bio Holdings, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Verde Bio Holdings, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2023 as release 33-11189. The respondents named are Verde Bio Holdings, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11189.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11189.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-verde-bio-holdings-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-hsbc-bank-usa-spoofing-2023", "title": "CFTC v. HSBC Bank USA (spoofing, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8702-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8702-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8591/enfhsbcbankorder051223/download", "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "HSBC Bank USA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 45000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against HSBC Bank USA, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $45 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release 8702-23. The respondents named are HSBC Bank USA (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $45 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8702-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8702-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8591/enfhsbcbankorder051223/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-hsbc-bank-usa-spoofing-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexander-j-dillon-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Alexander J. Dillon (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21416", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97497.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97497.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexander J. Dillon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Alexander J. Dillon, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release 3-21416. The respondents named are Alexander J. Dillon (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97497.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97497.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexander-j-dillon-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cosmin-i-panait-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. Cosmin I. Panait (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21417", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97498.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97498.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cosmin I. Panait", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Cosmin I. Panait, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release 3-21417. The respondents named are Cosmin I. Panait (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97498.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97498.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cosmin-i-panait-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-discala-et-al-price-manipulation-2023", "title": "SEC v. Discala et al. (price manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25725", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25725", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Discala et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 552725, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Discala et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records disgorgement of $552,725. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release LR-25725. The respondents named are Discala et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $552,725. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25725" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25725" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-discala-et-al-price-manipulation-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joshua-david-nicholas-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joshua David Nicholas, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25722", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25722", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joshua David Nicholas, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 51, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joshua David Nicholas, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 51 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release LR-25722. The respondents named are Joshua David Nicholas, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 51 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25722" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25722" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joshua-david-nicholas-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joshua-sason-et-al-corrected-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Joshua Sason, et al. (Corrected) (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25723", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25723", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joshua Sason, et al. (Corrected)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Joshua Sason, et al. (Corrected), alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release LR-25723. The respondents named are Joshua Sason, et al. (Corrected) (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25723" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25723" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joshua-sason-et-al-corrected-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-dobberfuhl-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Todd Dobberfuhl (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97499", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97499.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97499.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-05-12", "dateResolved": "2023-05-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Dobberfuhl", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Todd Dobberfuhl, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2023 as release 34-97499. The respondents named are Todd Dobberfuhl (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97499.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97499.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-dobberfuhl-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-commodity-pool-operator-tyche-asset-management-llc-and-its-controlling-prin", "title": "CFTC v. Commodity Pool Operator Tyche Asset Management LLC and its Controlling Principal (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8700-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8700-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8586/enftychecomplaint051123/download", "dateFiled": "2023-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Commodity Pool Operator Tyche Asset Management LLC and its Controlling Principal", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Commodity Pool Operator Tyche Asset Management LLC and its Controlling Principal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2023 as release 8700-23. The respondents named are Commodity Pool Operator Tyche Asset Management LLC and its Controlling Principal (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8700-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8700-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8586/enftychecomplaint051123/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-commodity-pool-operator-tyche-asset-management-llc-and-its-controlling-prin/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-t-lawrence-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Charles T. Lawrence, Jr., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25720", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25720", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles T. Lawrence, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Charles T. Lawrence, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2023 as release LR-25720. The respondents named are Charles T. Lawrence, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25720" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25720" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-t-lawrence-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cedric-dewayne-griffin-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Cedric Dewayne Griffin (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25707", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25707", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cedric Dewayne Griffin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Cedric Dewayne Griffin, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 4, 2023 as release LR-25707. The respondents named are Cedric Dewayne Griffin (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25707" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25707" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cedric-dewayne-griffin-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brett-m-bartlett-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brett M. Bartlett and others (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25705", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25705", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brett M. Bartlett", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Scott A. Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dynasty Toys, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The 7M eGroup Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Concept Management Company LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dynasty, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brett M. Bartlett and 5 others, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 3, 2023 as release LR-25705. The respondents named are Brett M. Bartlett and 5 others (2 individuals, 4 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25705" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25705" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brett-m-bartlett-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carlos-eduardo-reyes-alvarez-wash-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Carlos Eduardo Reyes Alvarez (wash trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25703", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25703", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-05-01", "dateResolved": "2023-05-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Carlos Eduardo Reyes Alvarez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 368045, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 76843, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carlos Eduardo Reyes Alvarez, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $368,045, prejudgment interest of $76,843.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 1, 2023 as release LR-25703. The respondents named are Carlos Eduardo Reyes Alvarez (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $368,045, prejudgment interest of $76,843. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25703" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25703" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carlos-eduardo-reyes-alvarez-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-neil-bergquist-up-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Neil Bergquist; Up and Global SEZC; Coinme, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11179", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11179.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11179.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-04-28", "dateResolved": "2023-04-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Neil Bergquist; Up", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Global SEZC; Coinme, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 90000000, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Neil Bergquist; Up and Global SEZC; Coinme, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 28, 2023 as release 33-11179. The respondents named are Neil Bergquist; Up and Global SEZC; Coinme, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11179.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11179.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-neil-bergquist-up-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-precious-metals-dealers-boiler-rooms-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Precious Metals Dealers and Their Owner (boiler rooms, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8694-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8694-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8496/enffishercapitalcomplaint042535/download", "dateFiled": "2023-04-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Precious Metals Dealers", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Owner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Precious Metals Dealers and Their Owner, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 25, 2023 as release 8694-23. The respondents named are Precious Metals Dealers and Their Owner (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8694-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8694-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8496/enffishercapitalcomplaint042535/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-precious-metals-dealers-boiler-rooms-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-betterment-llc-wash-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Betterment LLC (wash trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6288", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6288.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6288.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-04-18", "dateResolved": "2023-04-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Betterment LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 9000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Betterment LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $9 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 18, 2023 as release IA-6288. The respondents named are Betterment LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6288.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6288.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-betterment-llc-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-no-respondents-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. No Respondents (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25697", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25697", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-04-18", "dateResolved": "2023-04-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "No Respondents", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 669000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 49250, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 36, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against No Respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $669,000, prejudgment interest of $49,250. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 36 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 18, 2023 as release LR-25697. The respondents named are No Respondents (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $669,000, prejudgment interest of $49,250. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 36 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25697" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25697" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-no-respondents-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-resident-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. New York Resident (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8686-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8686-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8396/enfrussellcomplaint041123/download", "dateFiled": "2023-04-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New York Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2023 as release 8686-23. The respondents named are New York Resident (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8686-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8686-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8396/enfrussellcomplaint041123/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-resident-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reininger-fabrizio-di-carlo-boiler-rooms-2023", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (boiler rooms, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25689", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25689", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-04-10", "dateResolved": "2023-04-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ronald Touchard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 526050, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 46311, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $526,050, prejudgment interest of $46,311.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2023 as release LR-25689. The respondents named are Matthew Nicosia, William Reininger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $526,050, prejudgment interest of $46,311. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25689" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25689" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reininger-fabrizio-di-carlo-boiler-rooms-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-darren-l-ofsink-reverse-merger-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Darren L. Ofsink (reverse merger schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97245", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97245.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97245.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-04-04", "dateResolved": "2023-04-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Darren L. Ofsink", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Darren L. Ofsink, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2023 as release 34-97245. The respondents named are Darren L. Ofsink (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97245.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97245.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-darren-l-ofsink-reverse-merger-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-french-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. French, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25688", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25688", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-04-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. French, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael J. French, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2023 as release LR-25688. The respondents named are Michael J. French, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25688" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25688" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-french-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-t-morris-price-manipulation-2023", "title": "SEC v. Michael T. Morris (price manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-97243", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/34-97243.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/34-97243.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-04-04", "dateResolved": "2023-04-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael T. Morris", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael T. Morris, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2023 as release 34-97243. The respondents named are Michael T. Morris (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and crypto and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/34-97243.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/34-97243.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-t-morris-price-manipulation-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chatham-asset-management-llc-and-anthony-melchiorre-benchmark-submission-rig", "title": "SEC v. Chatham Asset Management, LLC and Anthony Melchiorre (benchmark submission rigging, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21355", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6270.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6270.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-04-03", "dateResolved": "2023-04-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chatham Asset Management, LLC and Anthony Melchiorre", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": 11000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Chatham Asset Management, LLC and Anthony Melchiorre, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $11 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2023 as release 3-21355. The respondents named are Chatham Asset Management, LLC and Anthony Melchiorre (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $11 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6270.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/ia-6270.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chatham-asset-management-llc-and-anthony-melchiorre-benchmark-submission-rig/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-discala-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. DiScala et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25686", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25686", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-04-03", "dateResolved": "2023-04-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "DiScala et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against DiScala et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2023 as release LR-25686. The respondents named are DiScala et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25686" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25686" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-discala-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Carnovale, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25685", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25685", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-31", "dateResolved": "2023-03-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carnovale, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 231020, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 28416, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carnovale, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records prejudgment interest of $28,416.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2023 as release LR-25685. The respondents named are Carnovale, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $28,416. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25685" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25685" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-wygovsky-front-running-2023", "title": "SEC v. Sean Wygovsky and Christopher Matthaei (front running, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25683", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25683", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-31", "dateResolved": "2023-03-31", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean Wygovsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher Matthaei", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running", "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3400000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sean Wygovsky and Christopher Matthaei, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running and insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2023 as release LR-25683. The respondents named are Sean Wygovsky and Christopher Matthaei (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running and insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25683" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25683" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-wygovsky-front-running-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-andrew-stack-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023", "title": "SEC v. William Andrew Stack, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25682", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25682", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-31", "dateResolved": "2023-03-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "William Andrew Stack, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 333110, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William Andrew Stack, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $333,110.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2023 as release LR-25682. The respondents named are William Andrew Stack, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $333,110. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25682" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25682" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-andrew-stack-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-surage-kamal-roshan-perera-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Surage Kamal Roshan Perera and Janues Capital Incorporated (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25679", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25679", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Surage Kamal Roshan Perera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Janues Capital Incorporated", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Surage Kamal Roshan Perera and Janues Capital Incorporated, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2023 as release LR-25679. The respondents named are Surage Kamal Roshan Perera and Janues Capital Incorporated (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25679" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25679" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-surage-kamal-roshan-perera-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chinese-national-insider-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Chinese National (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8682-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8682-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8361/enfdichaocomplaint032823/download", "dateFiled": "2023-03-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Chinese National", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Chinese National, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 28, 2023 as release 8682-23. The respondents named are Chinese National (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8682-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8682-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8361/enfdichaocomplaint032823/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chinese-national-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aaron-cain-mcknight-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Aaron Cain McKnight, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25677", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25677", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-27", "dateResolved": "2023-03-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aaron Cain McKnight, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Aaron Cain McKnight, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2023 as release LR-25677. The respondents named are Aaron Cain McKnight, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25677" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25677" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aaron-cain-mcknight-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-sun-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Justin Sun et al. (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25676", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25676", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-24", "dateResolved": "2023-03-24", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Sun et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Justin Sun et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, unregistered distributions and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2023 as release LR-25676. The respondents named are Justin Sun et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, unregistered distributions and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25676" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25676" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-sun-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aliaune-damala-badara-akon-thiam-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11172.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11172.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 42000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2814, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $42,000, prejudgment interest of $2,814.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11172. The respondents named are Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $42,000, prejudgment interest of $2,814. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11172.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11172.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aliaune-damala-badara-akon-thiam-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jake-joseph-paul-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Jake Joseph Paul (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11171", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11171.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11171.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jake Joseph Paul", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25019, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1811, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jake Joseph Paul, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $25,019, prejudgment interest of $1,811.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11171. The respondents named are Jake Joseph Paul (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25,019, prejudgment interest of $1,811. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11171.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11171.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jake-joseph-paul-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lindsay-dee-lohan-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Lindsay Dee Lohan (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11173", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11173.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11173.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lindsay Dee Lohan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lindsay Dee Lohan, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11173. The respondents named are Lindsay Dee Lohan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11173.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11173.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lindsay-dee-lohan-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michele-anne-mason-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Michele Anne Mason (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11174", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11174.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11174.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michele Anne Mason", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michele Anne Mason, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11174. The respondents named are Michele Anne Mason (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11174.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11174.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michele-anne-mason-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-miles-parks-mccollum-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Miles Parks McCollum (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11175", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11175.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11175.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Miles Parks McCollum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Miles Parks McCollum, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11175. The respondents named are Miles Parks McCollum (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11175.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11175.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-miles-parks-mccollum-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shaffer-chimere-smith-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Shaffer Chimere Smith (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11170", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11170.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11170.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-22", "dateResolved": "2023-03-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shaffer Chimere Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 12000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Shaffer Chimere Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $12,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2023 as release 33-11170. The respondents named are Shaffer Chimere Smith (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $12,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11170.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11170.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shaffer-chimere-smith-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-robert-sodi-et-al-newsletter-scalping-2023", "title": "SEC v. Brian Robert Sodi, et al. (newsletter scalping, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25665", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25665", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-14", "dateResolved": "2023-03-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Robert Sodi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1268000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 929995, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Robert Sodi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $929,995. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 14, 2023 as release LR-25665. The respondents named are Brian Robert Sodi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama.\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $929,995. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25665" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25665" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-robert-sodi-et-al-newsletter-scalping-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mahmoud-ali-abdelkader-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Mahmoud Ali Abdelkader (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25660", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25660", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-09", "dateResolved": "2023-03-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mahmoud Ali Abdelkader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 81580, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mahmoud Ali Abdelkader, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $81,580.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 9, 2023 as release LR-25660. The respondents named are Mahmoud Ali Abdelkader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $81,580. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25660" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25660" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mahmoud-ali-abdelkader-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-coquest-inc-insider-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Coquest Inc. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8672-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8672-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8251/enfcoquestconsentorder030723/download", "dateFiled": "2023-03-08", "dateResolved": "2023-03-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Coquest Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2500000, "disgorgementUsd": 496021, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Coquest Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $496,021.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 8, 2023 as release 8672-23. The respondents named are Coquest Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $496,021. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8672-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8672-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8251/enfcoquestconsentorder030723/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-coquest-inc-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-terren-s-peizer-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Terren S. Peizer and Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25658", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25658", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Terren S. Peizer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Terren S. Peizer and Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 8, 2023 as release LR-25658. The respondents named are Terren S. Peizer and Acuitas Group Holdings, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25658" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25658" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-terren-s-peizer-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bkcoin-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. BKCoin Management, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25657", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25657", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "BKCoin Management, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against BKCoin Management, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2023 as release LR-25657. The respondents named are BKCoin Management, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25657" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25657" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bkcoin-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adam-s-kaplan-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Adam S. Kaplan and Daniel E. Kaplan (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25656", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25656", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Adam S. Kaplan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel E. Kaplan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Adam S. Kaplan and Daniel E. Kaplan, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 3, 2023 as release LR-25656. The respondents named are Adam S. Kaplan and Daniel E. Kaplan (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25656" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25656" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adam-s-kaplan-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cambria-capital-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Cambria Capital, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97020.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97020.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-03-02", "dateResolved": "2023-03-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cambria Capital, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cambria Capital, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2023. The respondents named are Cambria Capital, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97020.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-97020.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cambria-capital-llc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-keith-woodard-sr-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Stephen Keith Woodard, Sr. (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25654", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25654", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-03-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen Keith Woodard, Sr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Stephen Keith Woodard, Sr., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 1, 2023 as release LR-25654. The respondents named are Stephen Keith Woodard, Sr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25654" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25654" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-keith-woodard-sr-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shawn-e-good-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Shawn E. Good (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96988.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96988.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-02-27", "dateResolved": "2023-02-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shawn E. Good", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Shawn E. Good, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 27, 2023. The respondents named are Shawn E. Good (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96988.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96988.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shawn-e-good-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-energy-environmental-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Energy & Environmental Investments, LLC and others (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25650", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25650", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-02-24", "dateResolved": "2023-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Energy & Environmental Investments, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Energy & Environment, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Amir A. Sardari", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Narysa Sardari Luddy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1035909, "disgorgementUsd": 3414836, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 977949, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Energy & Environmental Investments, LLC, Energy & Environment, Inc., Amir A. Sardari and Narysa Sardari Luddy, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.0 million, disgorgement of $3.4 million, prejudgment interest of $977,949. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2023 as release LR-25650. The respondents named are Energy & Environmental Investments, LLC, Energy & Environment, Inc., Amir A. Sardari and Narysa Sardari Luddy (2 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.0 million, disgorgement of $3.4 million, prejudgment interest of $977,949. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25650" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25650" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-energy-environmental-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-several-people-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Several People and Companies (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8665-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8665-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8201/enfbriscocomplaint013123/download", "dateFiled": "2023-02-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Several People", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Several People and Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 23, 2023 as release 8665-23. The respondents named are Several People and Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8665-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8665-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8201/enfbriscocomplaint013123/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8196/enfbriscoorder020623/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-several-people-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-andrew-stiles-jr-edward-gray-stiles-jr-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. James Andrew Stiles, Jr. & Edward Gray Stiles, Jr. (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25647", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25647", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-02-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Andrew Stiles, Jr. & Edward Gray Stiles, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James Andrew Stiles, Jr. & Edward Gray Stiles, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 23, 2023 as release LR-25647. The respondents named are James Andrew Stiles, Jr. & Edward Gray Stiles, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25647" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25647" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-andrew-stiles-jr-edward-gray-stiles-jr-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-a-van-de-grift-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Kevin A. Van de Grift and Gil Friedman (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25645", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25645", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-02-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin A. Van de Grift", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gil Friedman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kevin A. Van de Grift and Gil Friedman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 23, 2023 as release LR-25645. The respondents named are Kevin A. Van de Grift and Gil Friedman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25645" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25645" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-a-van-de-grift-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-anthony-pierce-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Paul Anthony Pierce (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11157", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11157.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11157.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-02-17", "dateResolved": "2023-02-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul Anthony Pierce", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 244116, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15449, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Paul Anthony Pierce, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $244,116, prejudgment interest of $15,449.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 17, 2023 as release 33-11157. The respondents named are Paul Anthony Pierce (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $244,116, prejudgment interest of $15,449. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11157.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11157.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-anthony-pierce-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-based-company-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. California-based Company and Its CEO (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8660-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8660-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8181/enftemuriancomplaint021523/download", "dateFiled": "2023-02-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "California-based Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its CEO", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against California-based Company and Its CEO, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 16, 2023 as release 8660-23. The respondents named are California-based Company and Its CEO (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8660-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8660-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8181/enftemuriancomplaint021523/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-based-company-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-milan-patel-false-rumors-2023", "title": "SEC v. Milan Patel (false rumors, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25641", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25641", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-02-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Milan Patel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "false-rumors" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Milan Patel, alleging conduct this library classifies as false rumors. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 16, 2023 as release LR-25641. The respondents named are Milan Patel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as false rumors, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25641" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25641" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-milan-patel-false-rumors-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/false-rumors/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-three-puerto-rico-residents-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Three Puerto Rico Residents and Their Companies (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8656-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8656-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8161/enffxlatinocomplaint021023/download", "dateFiled": "2023-02-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Puerto Rico", "defendants": [ { "name": "Three Puerto Rico Residents", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Three Puerto Rico Residents and Their Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2023 as release 8656-23. The respondents named are Three Puerto Rico Residents and Their Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Puerto Rico.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8656-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8656-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8161/enffxlatinocomplaint021023/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-three-puerto-rico-residents-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-olga-kuprina-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Olga Kuprina (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11154", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11154.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11154.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-02-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Olga Kuprina", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Olga Kuprina, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2023 as release 33-11154. The respondents named are Olga Kuprina (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-02-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11154.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11154.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-olga-kuprina-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-randy-herschaft-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Randy Herschaft (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96776", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96776.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96776.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-01-30", "dateResolved": "2023-01-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Randy Herschaft", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 35188, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Randy Herschaft, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $35,188.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 30, 2023 as release 34-96776. The respondents named are Randy Herschaft (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $35,188. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96776.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96776.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-randy-herschaft-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donna-matuizek-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Donna Matuizek (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96759", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96759.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96759.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-01-27", "dateResolved": "2023-01-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Donna Matuizek", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 27800, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Donna Matuizek, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $27,800.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2023 as release 34-96759. The respondents named are Donna Matuizek (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $27,800. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96759.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96759.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donna-matuizek-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-austin-d-ellison-meade-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Austin D. Ellison-Meade (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25625", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25625", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Austin D. Ellison-Meade", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Austin D. Ellison-Meade, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2023 as release LR-25625. The respondents named are Austin D. Ellison-Meade (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25625" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25625" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-austin-d-ellison-meade-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charlie-abujudeh-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Charlie Abujudeh (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25621", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25621", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-23", "dateResolved": "2023-01-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charlie Abujudeh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 414366, "disgorgementUsd": 5423045, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 115993, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charlie Abujudeh, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $414,366, disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $115,993.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2023 as release LR-25621. The respondents named are Charlie Abujudeh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $414,366, disgorgement of $5.4 million, prejudgment interest of $115,993. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25621" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25621" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charlie-abujudeh-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-s-y-chang-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. David S.Y. Chang (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21285", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96726.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96726.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-01-23", "dateResolved": "2023-01-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David S.Y. Chang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David S.Y. Chang, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2023 as release 3-21285. The respondents named are David S.Y. Chang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96726.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/34-96726.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-s-y-chang-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-caroline-ellison-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Caroline Ellison and Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25617", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25617", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-19", "dateResolved": "2023-01-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Caroline Ellison", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Caroline Ellison and Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2023 as release LR-25617. The respondents named are Caroline Ellison and Zixiao \"Gary\" Wang (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25617" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25617" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-caroline-ellison-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nexo-capital-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023", "title": "SEC v. Nexo Capital Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11149", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11149.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11149.pdf", "dateFiled": "2023-01-19", "dateResolved": "2023-01-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nexo Capital Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nexo Capital Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2023 as release 33-11149. The respondents named are Nexo Capital Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11149.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2023/33-11149.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nexo-capital-inc-unregistered-distributions-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-samuel-bankman-fried-paid-stock-promotion-2023", "title": "SEC v. Samuel Bankman-Fried (paid stock promotion, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25616", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25616", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Samuel Bankman-Fried", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Samuel Bankman-Fried, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2023 as release LR-25616. The respondents named are Samuel Bankman-Fried (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25616" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25616" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-samuel-bankman-fried-paid-stock-promotion-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-covington-burling-llp-insider-trading-2023", "title": "SEC v. Covington & Burling LLP (insider trading, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25612", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25612", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-12", "dateResolved": "2023-01-12", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Covington & Burling LLP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Covington & Burling LLP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2023 as release LR-25612. The respondents named are Covington & Burling LLP (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25612" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25612" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-covington-burling-llp-insider-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yossi-engel-ponzi-schemes-2023", "title": "SEC v. Yossi Engel (ponzi schemes, 2023)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25613", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25613", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2023-01-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yossi Engel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Yossi Engel, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2023 as release LR-25613. The respondents named are Yossi Engel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25613" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25613" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yossi-engel-ponzi-schemes-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-avraham-eisenberg-exchange-wash-trading-2023", "title": "CFTC v. Avraham Eisenberg (oracle manipulation, 2023)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8647-23", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8046/enfeisenbergcomplaint010923/download", "dateFiled": "2023-01-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Avraham Eisenberg", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "oracle-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2023, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Avraham Eisenberg, alleging conduct this library classifies as oracle manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2023 as release 8647-23. The respondents named are Avraham Eisenberg (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as oracle manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-01-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8647-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8046/enfeisenbergcomplaint010923/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-avraham-eisenberg-exchange-wash-trading-2023/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/oracle-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lawrence-billimek-front-running-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lawrence Billimek and Alan Williams (front running, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25595", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25595", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lawrence Billimek", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Alan Williams", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lawrence Billimek and Alan Williams, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2022 as release LR-25595. The respondents named are Lawrence Billimek and Alan Williams (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25595" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25595" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lawrence-billimek-front-running-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-honeywell-international-inc-corrected-wash-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Honeywell International Inc. (Corrected) (wash trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21255", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96529.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96529.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-12-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Honeywell International Inc. (Corrected)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 3118350, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 64672563, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 16485630, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Honeywell International Inc. (Corrected), alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $64.7 million, prejudgment interest of $16.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2022 as release 3-21255. The respondents named are Honeywell International Inc. (Corrected) (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $64.7 million, prejudgment interest of $16.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96529.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96529.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-honeywell-international-inc-corrected-wash-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-commodity-pool-operators-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Commodity Pool Operators and Their Co-Chief Investment Officer (price manipulation, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8640-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8640-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8006/enfglenpointcomplaint121522/download", "dateFiled": "2022-12-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Commodity Pool Operators", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Co-Chief Investment Officer", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Commodity Pool Operators and Their Co-Chief Investment Officer, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 15, 2022 as release 8640-22. The respondents named are Commodity Pool Operators and Their Co-Chief Investment Officer (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8640-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8640-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8006/enfglenpointcomplaint121522/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-commodity-pool-operators-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-minnesota-registrant-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Minnesota Registrant (spoofing, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8637-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8637-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7981/enfwalleyeorder121222/download", "dateFiled": "2022-12-12", "dateResolved": "2022-12-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Minnesota Registrant", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 550000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Minnesota Registrant, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $550,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 12, 2022 as release 8637-22. The respondents named are Minnesota Registrant (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $550,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8637-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8637-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7981/enfwalleyeorder121222/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-minnesota-registrant-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-in-ovations-holdings-inc-fake-press-releases-2022", "title": "SEC v. In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg (fake press releases, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25589", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25589", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-12-09", "dateResolved": "2022-12-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "In Ovations Holdings, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Goldberg", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2022 as release LR-25589. The respondents named are In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25589" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25589" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-in-ovations-holdings-inc-fake-press-releases-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vincent-issier-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Vincent Issier (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96457", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96457.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96457.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-12-06", "dateResolved": "2022-12-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vincent Issier", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vincent Issier, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 6, 2022 as release 34-96457. The respondents named are Vincent Issier (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96457.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96457.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vincent-issier-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-r-earle-jr-barry-d-reagh-william-clayton-francis-t-dudley-steven-e-br", "title": "SEC v. Joseph R. Earle Jr, Barry D. Reagh, William Clayton, Francis T. Dudley, Steven E. Bryant, Upper Street Marketing, Inc. and Project Growth International, Inc. (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25586", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25586", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-12-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph R. Earle Jr, Barry D. Reagh, William Clayton, Francis T. Dudley, Steven E. Bryant, Upper Street Marketing, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Project Growth International, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph R. Earle Jr, Barry D. Reagh, William Clayton, Francis T. Dudley, Steven E. Bryant, Upper Street Marketing, Inc. and Project Growth International, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 5, 2022 as release LR-25586. The respondents named are Joseph R. Earle Jr, Barry D. Reagh, William Clayton, Francis T. Dudley, Steven E. Bryant, Upper Street Marketing, Inc. and Project Growth International, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25586" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25586" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-r-earle-jr-barry-d-reagh-william-clayton-francis-t-dudley-steven-e-br/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pfp-entrust-corp-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. PFP Entrust Corp. (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11137", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11137.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11137.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-12-05", "dateResolved": "2022-12-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "PFP Entrust Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with PFP Entrust Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 5, 2022 as release 33-11137. The respondents named are PFP Entrust Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11137.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11137.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pfp-entrust-corp-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-conway-et-al-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Conway et al. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25585", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25585", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-12-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Conway et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bruce Conway et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 2, 2022 as release LR-25585. The respondents named are Bruce Conway et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25585" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25585" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-conway-et-al-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jeremy-spence-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Jeremy Spence (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8630-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8630-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7971/enfspenceconsentorder112922%20%20/download", "dateFiled": "2022-12-01", "dateResolved": "2022-12-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeremy Spence", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 5000000, "penaltyUsd": 2800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Jeremy Spence, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2022 as release 8630-22. The respondents named are Jeremy Spence (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-12-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8630-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8630-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7971/enfspenceconsentorder112922%20%20/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jeremy-spence-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yinghang-james-yang-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Yinghang \"James\" Yang and Yuanbiao Chen (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25582", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25582", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-30", "dateResolved": "2022-11-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Yinghang \"James\" Yang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Yuanbiao Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 246000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Yinghang \"James\" Yang and Yuanbiao Chen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $246,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 30, 2022 as release LR-25582. The respondents named are Yinghang \"James\" Yang and Yuanbiao Chen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $246,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25582" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25582" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yinghang-james-yang-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-legal-general-investment-management-america-inc-matched-orders-2022", "title": "SEC v. Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. (matched orders, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6188", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6188.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6188.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-21", "dateResolved": "2022-11-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2022 as release IA-6188. The respondents named are Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6188.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6188.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-legal-general-investment-management-america-inc-matched-orders-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tang-reverse-merger-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Tang and Jason Jianxun, CPA (reverse merger schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21241", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96347.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96347.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jason Jianxun, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Tang and Jason Jianxun, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 17, 2022 as release 3-21241. The respondents named are Tang and Jason Jianxun, CPA (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96347.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96347.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tang-reverse-merger-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-rustin-holzer-fernando-motta-moraes-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Charles Rustin Holzer, Fernando Motta Moraes (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25578", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25578", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-16", "dateResolved": "2022-11-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Rustin Holzer, Fernando Motta Moraes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 96091, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 91509, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14218, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charles Rustin Holzer, Fernando Motta Moraes, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $91,509, prejudgment interest of $14,218.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 16, 2022 as release LR-25578. The respondents named are Charles Rustin Holzer, Fernando Motta Moraes (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $91,509, prejudgment interest of $14,218. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25578" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25578" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-rustin-holzer-fernando-motta-moraes-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adrian-j-kawuba-civ-action-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Adrian J. Kawuba, Civ. Action (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25577", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25577", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-14", "dateResolved": "2022-11-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Adrian J. Kawuba, Civ. Action", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Adrian J. Kawuba, Civ. Action, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2022 as release LR-25577. The respondents named are Adrian J. Kawuba, Civ. Action (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25577" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25577" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adrian-j-kawuba-civ-action-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-wong-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Brian Wong (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25576", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25576", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-10", "dateResolved": "2022-11-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Brian Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 10, 2022 as release LR-25576. The respondents named are Brian Wong (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25576" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25576" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-wong-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pic-renegade-properties-llc-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. PIC Renegade Properties, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11132", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11132.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11132.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-09", "dateResolved": "2022-11-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "PIC Renegade Properties, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with PIC Renegade Properties, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2022 as release 33-11132. The respondents named are PIC Renegade Properties, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11132.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11132.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pic-renegade-properties-llc-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douver-torres-braga-joff-paradise-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Douver Torres Braga, Joff Paradise, and Keleionalani Akana Taylor, Jonathan Tetreault (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25571", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25571", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-04", "dateResolved": "2022-11-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Douver Torres Braga, Joff Paradise,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Keleionalani Akana Taylor, Jonathan Tetreault", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Douver Torres Braga, Joff Paradise, and Keleionalani Akana Taylor, Jonathan Tetreault, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2022 as release LR-25571. The respondents named are Douver Torres Braga, Joff Paradise, and Keleionalani Akana Taylor, Jonathan Tetreault (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25571" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25571" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douver-torres-braga-joff-paradise-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-geraci-boiler-rooms-2022", "title": "SEC v. Geraci and Paul (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96236", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96236.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96236.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Geraci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paul", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Geraci and Paul, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2022 as release 34-96236. The respondents named are Geraci and Paul (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (administrative)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96236.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96236.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-geraci-boiler-rooms-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-e-mueller-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Michael E. Mueller (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96243", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96243.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96243.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-04", "dateResolved": "2022-11-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael E. Mueller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael E. Mueller, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2022 as release 34-96243. The respondents named are Michael E. Mueller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96243.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96243.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-e-mueller-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-david-mahoney-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Scott David Mahoney (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96235.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96235.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-04", "dateResolved": "2022-11-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott David Mahoney", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Scott David Mahoney, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2022. The respondents named are Scott David Mahoney (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96235.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96235.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-david-mahoney-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeremy-k-rounsville-wash-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Jeremy K. Rounsville (wash trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25569", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25569", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-03", "dateResolved": "2022-11-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeremy K. Rounsville", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 207183, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeremy K. Rounsville, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $207,183.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 3, 2022 as release LR-25569. The respondents named are Jeremy K. Rounsville (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $207,183. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25569" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25569" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeremy-k-rounsville-wash-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-c-ahearn-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. John C. Ahearn (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-96216", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96216.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96216.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-11-03", "dateResolved": "2022-11-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John C. Ahearn", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John C. Ahearn, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 3, 2022 as release 34-96216. The respondents named are John C. Ahearn (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96216.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96216.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-c-ahearn-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-syed-arham-arbab-tomas-javier-jimenez-blake-douglas-mckinney-mushfiqur-rahma", "title": "SEC v. Syed Arham Arbab, Tomas Javier Jimenez, Blake Douglas McKinney, Mushfiqur Rahman, John Ryan Shows, and William Carl Spagnoli (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25567", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25567", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-11-01", "dateResolved": "2022-11-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Syed Arham Arbab, Tomas Javier Jimenez, Blake Douglas McKinney, Mushfiqur Rahman, John Ryan Shows,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William Carl Spagnoli", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Syed Arham Arbab, Tomas Javier Jimenez, Blake Douglas McKinney, Mushfiqur Rahman, John Ryan Shows, and William Carl Spagnoli, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 1, 2022 as release LR-25567. The respondents named are Syed Arham Arbab, Tomas Javier Jimenez, Blake Douglas McKinney, Mushfiqur Rahman, John Ryan Shows, and William Carl Spagnoli (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-11-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25567" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25567" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-syed-arham-arbab-tomas-javier-jimenez-blake-douglas-mckinney-mushfiqur-rahma/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-alan-lisser-a-k-a-mark-alan-a-k-a-mark-allen-boiler-rooms-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25566", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25566", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-27", "dateResolved": "2022-10-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 890093, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 24, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $890,093. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 24 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2022 as release LR-25566. The respondents named are Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $890,093. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 24 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25566" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25566" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-alan-lisser-a-k-a-mark-alan-a-k-a-mark-allen-boiler-rooms-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-a-woodward-cpa-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Scott A. Woodward, CPA (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21219", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96153.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96153.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-10-25", "dateResolved": "2022-10-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott A. Woodward, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 85800000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Scott A. Woodward, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 25, 2022 as release 3-21219. The respondents named are Scott A. Woodward, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96153.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-96153.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-a-woodward-cpa-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8613-22-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8613-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8613-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7861/DOE_ResultsFY22_AddendumA100722/download", "dateFiled": "2022-10-20", "dateResolved": "2022-10-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "exchange-wash-trading", "insider-trading", "price-manipulation", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": 1500000, "penaltyUsd": 41000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes, exchange wash trading, insider trading, price manipulation, spoofing and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $41 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 20, 2022 as release 8613-22. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes, exchange wash trading, insider trading, price manipulation, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and crypto and futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $41 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8613-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8613-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7861/DOE_ResultsFY22_AddendumA100722/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8613-22-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/exchange-wash-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-newage-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. NewAge, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11120.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11120.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-10-19", "dateResolved": "2022-10-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "NewAge, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with NewAge, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 19, 2022. The respondents named are NewAge, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11120.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11120.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-newage-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brent-david-willis-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Brent David Willis (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25562", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25562", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brent David Willis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brent David Willis, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 18, 2022 as release LR-25562. The respondents named are Brent David Willis (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25562" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25562" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brent-david-willis-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25561", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25561", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-18", "dateResolved": "2022-10-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Maryland", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin B. Merrill, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 183973833, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5671794, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kevin B. Merrill, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $184.0 million, prejudgment interest of $5.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 18, 2022 as release LR-25561. The respondents named are Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Maryland.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $184.0 million, prejudgment interest of $5.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25561" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25561" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-walsh-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Walsh (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8609-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8609-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7871/enfwgtradingorder091922/download", "dateFiled": "2022-10-17", "dateResolved": "2022-10-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Walsh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Walsh, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 17, 2022 as release 8609-22. The respondents named are Walsh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8609-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8609-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7871/enfwgtradingorder091922/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-walsh-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-national-realty-investment-advisors-llc-rey-e-grabato-ii-daniel-coley-o-brie", "title": "SEC v. National Realty Investment Advisors LLC, Rey E. Grabato II, Daniel Coley O'Brien, Thomas Nicholas Salzano and others (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25558", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25558", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "National Realty Investment Advisors LLC, Rey E. Grabato II, Daniel Coley O'Brien, Thomas Nicholas Salzano", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Arthur S. Scutaro, a/k/a Arthur S. Scuttaro,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Relief Defendants Olena Budinska", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jamie A. Samul, a/k/a Jamie Salzano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against National Realty Investment Advisors LLC, Rey E. Grabato II, Daniel Coley O'Brien, Thomas Nicholas Salzano, Arthur S. Scutaro, a/k/a Arthur S. Scuttaro,, Relief Defendants Olena Budinska and Jamie A. Samul, a/k/a Jamie Salzano, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 14, 2022 as release LR-25558. The respondents named are National Realty Investment Advisors LLC, Rey E. Grabato II, Daniel Coley O'Brien, Thomas Nicholas Salzano, Arthur S. Scutaro, a/k/a Arthur S. Scuttaro,, Relief Defendants Olena Budinska and Jamie A. Samul, a/k/a Jamie Salzano (3 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25558" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25558" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-national-realty-investment-advisors-llc-rey-e-grabato-ii-daniel-coley-o-brie/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-digital-asset-derivatives-platform-exchange-wash-trading-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Digital Asset Derivatives Platform and Miami Resident (price manipulation, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8605-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8605-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7826/enfdigitexcomplaint093022/download", "dateFiled": "2022-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Digital Asset Derivatives Platform", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Miami Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Digital Asset Derivatives Platform and Miami Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2022 as release 8605-22. The respondents named are Digital Asset Derivatives Platform and Miami Resident (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8605-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8605-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7826/enfdigitexcomplaint093022/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-digital-asset-derivatives-platform-exchange-wash-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harpreet-saini-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Harpreet Saini and John Lester Mandac Natividad (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25548", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25548", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harpreet Saini", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John Lester Mandac Natividad", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Harpreet Saini and John Lester Mandac Natividad, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2022 as release LR-25548. The respondents named are Harpreet Saini and John Lester Mandac Natividad (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25548" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25548" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harpreet-saini-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kimberly-kardashian-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Kimberly Kardashian (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11116", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11116.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11116.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-10-03", "dateResolved": "2022-10-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kimberly Kardashian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 250000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kimberly Kardashian, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2022 as release 33-11116. The respondents named are Kimberly Kardashian (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11116.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11116.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kimberly-kardashian-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mauricio-chavez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mauricio Chavez, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25547", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25547", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mauricio Chavez, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mauricio Chavez, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2022 as release LR-25547. The respondents named are Mauricio Chavez, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-10-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25547" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25547" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mauricio-chavez-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arbitrade-ltd-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022", "title": "SEC v. Arbitrade Ltd., et al. (pump and dump, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25537", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25537", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arbitrade Ltd., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Arbitrade Ltd., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release LR-25537. The respondents named are Arbitrade Ltd., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25537" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25537" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arbitrade-ltd-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ari-lauer-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Ari Lauer (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25544", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25544", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ari Lauer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ari Lauer, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release LR-25544. The respondents named are Ari Lauer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25544" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25544" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ari-lauer-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carl-v-dawson-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Carl V. Dawson (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21196", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11115.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11115.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": "2022-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carl V. Dawson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 166000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Carl V. Dawson, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $166,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release 3-21196. The respondents named are Carl V. Dawson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $166,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11115.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11115.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carl-v-dawson-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cemtrex-inc-and-saagar-govil-corrected-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil (Corrected) (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21189", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11114.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11114.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": "2022-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil (Corrected)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil (Corrected), alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release 3-21189. The respondents named are Cemtrex, Inc. and Saagar Govil (Corrected) (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11114.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11114.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cemtrex-inc-and-saagar-govil-corrected-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-darrell-green-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Darrell Green (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-95962", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95962.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95962.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": "2022-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Darrell Green", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 22859, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3608, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Darrell Green, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $22,859, prejudgment interest of $3,608.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release 34-95962. The respondents named are Darrell Green (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $22,859, prejudgment interest of $3,608. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95962.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95962.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-darrell-green-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-william-mikula-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan William Mikula, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25541", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25541", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": "2022-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan William Mikula, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 776932, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jonathan William Mikula, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $776,932. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022 as release LR-25541. The respondents named are Jonathan William Mikula, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $776,932. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25541" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25541" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-william-mikula-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lisa-sanford-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lisa Sanford (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11111.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11111.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-30", "dateResolved": "2022-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lisa Sanford", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lisa Sanford, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2022. The respondents named are Lisa Sanford (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11111.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11111.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lisa-sanford-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-parrino-false-rumors-2022", "title": "SEC v. Charles Parrino (false rumors, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25528", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25528", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-28", "dateResolved": "2022-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Parrino", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "false-rumors" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 982690, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charles Parrino, alleging conduct this library classifies as false rumors. The release records disgorgement of $982,690. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2022 as release LR-25528. The respondents named are Charles Parrino (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as false rumors, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $982,690. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25528" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25528" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-parrino-false-rumors-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/false-rumors/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reninger-fabrizio-di-carlo-boiler-rooms-2022", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Nicosia, William Reninger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25529", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25529", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Nicosia, William Reninger, Fabrizio Di Carlo,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ronald Touchard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 9100000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Nicosia, William Reninger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2022 as release LR-25529. The respondents named are Matthew Nicosia, William Reninger, Fabrizio Di Carlo, and Ronald Touchard (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25529" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25529" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-nicosia-william-reninger-fabrizio-di-carlo-boiler-rooms-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christian-j-gonzalez-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Christian J. Gonzalez (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25527", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25527", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christian J. Gonzalez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christian J. Gonzalez, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2022 as release LR-25527. The respondents named are Christian J. Gonzalez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25527" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25527" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christian-j-gonzalez-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-t-patten-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. James T. Patten, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25526", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25526", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "James T. Patten, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James T. Patten, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2022 as release LR-25526. The respondents named are James T. Patten, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25526" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25526" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-t-patten-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kendricks-et-al-mark-wayne-ramsey-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Kendricks, et al., Mark Wayne Ramsey (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25524", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25524", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-27", "dateResolved": "2022-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kendricks, et al., Mark Wayne Ramsey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kendricks, et al., Mark Wayne Ramsey, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2022 as release LR-25524. The respondents named are Kendricks, et al., Mark Wayne Ramsey (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25524" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25524" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kendricks-et-al-mark-wayne-ramsey-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. California Trader and Prop Firm (spoofing, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8595-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8595-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7701/enfrandychenorder092622/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-26", "dateResolved": "2022-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "California Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Prop Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against California Trader and Prop Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2022 as release 8595-22. The respondents named are California Trader and Prop Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8595-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8595-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7701/enfrandychenorder092622/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7696/enftaniusorder092622/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-patrick-o-connell-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. James Patrick O'connell (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6151", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6151.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6151.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-26", "dateResolved": "2022-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Patrick O'connell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James Patrick O'connell, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2022 as release IA-6151. The respondents named are James Patrick O'connell (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6151.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6151.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-patrick-o-connell-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-judith-paris-pinder-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Judith Paris-Pinder (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25521", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25521", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-26", "dateResolved": "2022-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Judith Paris-Pinder", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Judith Paris-Pinder, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2022 as release LR-25521. The respondents named are Judith Paris-Pinder (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25521" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25521" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-judith-paris-pinder-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sang-n-phan-free-riding-and-parking-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sang N. Phan and Rich N. Phan (free riding and parking, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25522", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25522", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sang N. Phan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rich N. Phan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sang N. Phan and Rich N. Phan, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2022 as release LR-25522. The respondents named are Sang N. Phan and Rich N. Phan (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25522" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25522" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sang-n-phan-free-riding-and-parking-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-two-chinese-companies-wash-trading-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Two Chinese Companies (wash trading, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8592-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8592-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7691/enfcofocoorder092322/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-23", "dateResolved": "2022-09-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Two Chinese Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 720000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Two Chinese Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $720,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2022 as release 8592-22. The respondents named are Two Chinese Companies (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $720,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8592-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8592-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7691/enfcofocoorder092322/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-two-chinese-companies-wash-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-lam-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Brian Lam, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25518", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25518", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Lam, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brian Lam, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2022 as release LR-25518. The respondents named are Brian Lam, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25518" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25518" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-lam-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-compass-minerals-international-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Compass Minerals International, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11107.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11107.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-23", "dateResolved": "2022-09-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Compass Minerals International, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Compass Minerals International, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2022. The respondents named are Compass Minerals International, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11107.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11107.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-compass-minerals-international-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-friedman-llp-reverse-merger-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Friedman LLP (reverse merger schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95887.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95887.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Friedman LLP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 524138, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Friedman LLP, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $524,138.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2022. The respondents named are Friedman LLP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $524,138. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95887.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95887.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-friedman-llp-reverse-merger-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-arthur-mcdonald-jr-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. James Arthur McDonald, Jr. and Hercules Investments, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25515", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25515", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Arthur McDonald, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hercules Investments, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James Arthur McDonald, Jr. and Hercules Investments, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2022 as release LR-25515. The respondents named are James Arthur McDonald, Jr. and Hercules Investments, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25515" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25515" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-arthur-mcdonald-jr-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-weiss-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Michael Weiss (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25516", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25516", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-22", "dateResolved": "2022-09-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Weiss", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael Weiss, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2022 as release LR-25516. The respondents named are Michael Weiss (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25516" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25516" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-weiss-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sheng-fu-and-ming-xu-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sheng Fu and Ming Xu (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21118", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11104.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11104.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-21", "dateResolved": "2022-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sheng Fu and Ming Xu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sheng Fu and Ming Xu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2022 as release 3-21118. The respondents named are Sheng Fu and Ming Xu (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11104.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11104.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sheng-fu-and-ming-xu-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-p-mendes-et-al-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. John P. Mendes, et al. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25512", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25512", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-20", "dateResolved": "2022-09-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John P. Mendes, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 33200, "penaltyUsd": 51579, "disgorgementUsd": 41985, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John P. Mendes, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $51,579, disgorgement of $41,985. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2022 as release LR-25512. The respondents named are John P. Mendes, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $51,579, disgorgement of $41,985. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25512" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25512" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-p-mendes-et-al-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sparkster-ltd-and-sajjad-daya-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sparkster, Ltd. and Sajjad Daya (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11102", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11102.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11102.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-19", "dateResolved": "2022-09-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sparkster, Ltd. and Sajjad Daya", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": 30000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sparkster, Ltd. and Sajjad Daya, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000, disgorgement of $30 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2022 as release 33-11102. The respondents named are Sparkster, Ltd. and Sajjad Daya (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000, disgorgement of $30 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11102.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11102.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sparkster-ltd-and-sajjad-daya-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-waddell-reed-llc-churning-2022", "title": "SEC v. Waddell & Reed, LLC (churning, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-21107", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95828.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95828.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-19", "dateResolved": "2022-09-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Waddell & Reed, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 484645, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 90944, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Waddell & Reed, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $484,645, prejudgment interest of $90,944.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2022 as release 3-21107. The respondents named are Waddell & Reed, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $484,645, prejudgment interest of $90,944. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95828.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95828.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-waddell-reed-llc-churning-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25510", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25510", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nutra Pharma Corp. et al", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nutra Pharma Corp. et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2022 as release LR-25510. The respondents named are Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25510" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25510" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gabriel-edelman-creative-advancement-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Gabriel Edelman, Creative Advancement LLC and Edelman Blockchain Advisors LLC (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25509", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25509", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gabriel Edelman, Creative Advancement LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Edelman Blockchain Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gabriel Edelman, Creative Advancement LLC and Edelman Blockchain Advisors LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2022 as release LR-25509. The respondents named are Gabriel Edelman, Creative Advancement LLC and Edelman Blockchain Advisors LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25509" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25509" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gabriel-edelman-creative-advancement-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-tae-hung-kang-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Tae Hung Kang (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8583-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8583-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7616/enfkangfinaljudgmentandconsentorder083122/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-08", "dateResolved": "2022-09-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tae Hung Kang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 24, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Tae Hung Kang, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $800,000. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 24 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2022 as release 8583-22. The respondents named are Tae Hung Kang (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $800,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 24 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8583-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8583-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7616/enfkangfinaljudgmentandconsentorder083122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-tae-hung-kang-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-npa-asset-management-llc-churning-2022", "title": "SEC v. NPA Asset Management, LLC (churning, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6110", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6110.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6110.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-09-08", "dateResolved": "2022-09-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "NPA Asset Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 367874, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with NPA Asset Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $367,874.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2022 as release IA-6110. The respondents named are NPA Asset Management, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $367,874. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6110.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6110.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-npa-asset-management-llc-churning-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-christopher-doucette-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Todd Christopher Doucette (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25498", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25498", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-09-07", "dateResolved": "2022-09-07", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Hampshire", "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Christopher Doucette", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 348689, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 348689, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 30793, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Todd Christopher Doucette, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $348,689, prejudgment interest of $30,793.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2022 as release LR-25498. The respondents named are Todd Christopher Doucette (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Hampshire.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $348,689, prejudgment interest of $30,793. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25498" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25498" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-christopher-doucette-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-trader-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Former Trader (benchmark submission rigging, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8582-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8582-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7611/enfbrochardorder090622/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-06", "dateResolved": "2022-09-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Former Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Former Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2022 as release 8582-22. The respondents named are Former Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8582-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8582-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7611/enfbrochardorder090622/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-trader-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-swap-dealer-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Swap Dealer (benchmark submission rigging, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8581-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8581-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7606/enfnatixisorder090622/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-06", "dateResolved": "2022-09-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Swap Dealer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Swap Dealer, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records a civil penalty of $2.8 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2022 as release 8581-22. The respondents named are Swap Dealer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8581-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8581-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7606/enfnatixisorder090622/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-swap-dealer-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8579-22-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8579-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8579-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7601/enfregefinaljudgmentandconsentorder090122/download", "dateFiled": "2022-09-02", "dateResolved": "2022-09-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": 4894225, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $4.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 2, 2022 as release 8579-22. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $4.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8579-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8579-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7601/enfregefinaljudgmentandconsentorder090122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8579-22-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pavel-ruiz-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Pavel Ruiz (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25490", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25490", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-30", "dateResolved": "2022-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pavel Ruiz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Pavel Ruiz, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2022 as release LR-25490. The respondents named are Pavel Ruiz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25490" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25490" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pavel-ruiz-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harmel-s-rayat-renovacare-inc-jatinder-bhogal-jeetenderjit-singh-sidhu-newsl", "title": "SEC v. Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal, Jeetenderjit Singh Sidhu, and Sharon Fleming (newsletter scalping, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25487", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25487", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal, Jeetenderjit Singh Sidhu,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sharon Fleming", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 7000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal, Jeetenderjit Singh Sidhu, and Sharon Fleming, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2022 as release LR-25487. The respondents named are Harmel S. Rayat, RenovaCare, Inc., Jatinder Bhogal, Jeetenderjit Singh Sidhu, and Sharon Fleming (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25487" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25487" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harmel-s-rayat-renovacare-inc-jatinder-bhogal-jeetenderjit-singh-sidhu-newsl/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-heckele-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. Heckele and Mark W., Esq. (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-95625", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95625.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95625.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-08-29", "dateResolved": "2022-08-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Heckele", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark W., Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Heckele and Mark W., Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2022 as release 34-95625. The respondents named are Heckele and Mark W., Esq. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95625.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95625.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-heckele-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-taronis-technologies-inc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Taronis Technologies, Inc., et al. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25484", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-25", "dateResolved": "2022-08-25", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Taronis Technologies, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Taronis Technologies, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2022. The respondents named are Taronis Technologies, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25484" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25484" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-taronis-technologies-inc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-trader-spoofing-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Trader (spoofing, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8577-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8577-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7561/enfschwartzorder082422/download", "dateFiled": "2022-08-24", "dateResolved": "2022-08-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 24, 2022 as release 8577-22. The respondents named are Chicago Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8577-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8577-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7561/enfschwartzorder082422/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-trader-spoofing-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicolas-arkells-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. Nicolas Arkells (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25481", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25481", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicolas Arkells", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nicolas Arkells, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 24, 2022 as release LR-25481. The respondents named are Nicolas Arkells (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25481" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25481" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicolas-arkells-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-bancorp-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022", "title": "SEC v. The Bancorp, Inc. (benchmark submission rigging, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20997", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95589.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95589.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-08-24", "dateResolved": "2022-08-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bancorp, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Bancorp, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 24, 2022 as release 3-20997. The respondents named are The Bancorp, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95589.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95589.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-bancorp-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lee-simmons-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lee Simmons (price manipulation, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25478", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25478", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lee Simmons", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lee Simmons, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 19, 2022 as release LR-25478. The respondents named are Lee Simmons (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25478" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25478" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lee-simmons-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicholas-daniel-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Nicholas Daniel (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25473", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25473", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-17", "dateResolved": "2022-08-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicholas Daniel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 349588, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 38829, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nicholas Daniel, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $349,588, prejudgment interest of $38,829.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2022 as release LR-25473. The respondents named are Nicholas Daniel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $349,588, prejudgment interest of $38,829. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25473" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25473" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicholas-daniel-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sergei-polevikov-et-al-front-running-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sergei Polevikov, et al. (front running, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25475", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25475", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sergei Polevikov, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 8500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Sergei Polevikov, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as front running. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2022 as release LR-25475. The respondents named are Sergei Polevikov, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25475" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25475" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sergei-polevikov-et-al-front-running-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ann-m-dishinger-jerrold-i-palmer-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Ann M. Dishinger, Jerrold I. Palmer, and Lawrence M. Palmer (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25470", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25470", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-16", "dateResolved": "2022-08-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ann M. Dishinger, Jerrold I. Palmer,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lawrence M. Palmer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2026, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ann M. Dishinger, Jerrold I. Palmer, and Lawrence M. Palmer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $9,000, prejudgment interest of $2,026. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2022 as release LR-25470. The respondents named are Ann M. Dishinger, Jerrold I. Palmer, and Lawrence M. Palmer (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,000, prejudgment interest of $2,026. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25470" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25470" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ann-m-dishinger-jerrold-i-palmer-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-imc-chicago-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022", "title": "SEC v. IMC Chicago, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-95487", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95487.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95487.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-08-12", "dateResolved": "2022-08-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "IMC Chicago, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with IMC Chicago, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 12, 2022 as release 34-95487. The respondents named are IMC Chicago, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95487.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95487.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-imc-chicago-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-maccio-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Maccio and Michelle (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6081", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6081.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6081.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-08-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Maccio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michelle", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Maccio and Michelle, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 9, 2022 as release IA-6081. The respondents named are Maccio and Michelle (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (administrative)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6081.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6081.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-maccio-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-nevada-metals-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Nevada Metals Trader (spoofing, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8568-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8568-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7526/enfshakcomplaint080522/download", "dateFiled": "2022-08-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nevada Metals Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Nevada Metals Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 5, 2022 as release 8568-22. The respondents named are Nevada Metals Trader (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-05", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8568-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8568-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7526/enfshakcomplaint080522/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-nevada-metals-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deccan-value-investors-lp-and-vinit-bodas-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Deccan Value Investors LP and Vinit Bodas (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6079", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6079.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6079.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-08-03", "dateResolved": "2022-08-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deccan Value Investors LP and Vinit Bodas", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Deccan Value Investors LP and Vinit Bodas, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2022 as release IA-6079. The respondents named are Deccan Value Investors LP and Vinit Bodas (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6079.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6079.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deccan-value-investors-lp-and-vinit-bodas-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vladimir-okhotnikov-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Vladimir Okhotnikov et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25460", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25460", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-08-01", "dateResolved": "2022-08-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vladimir Okhotnikov et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Binance" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vladimir Okhotnikov et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2022 as release LR-25460. The respondents named are Vladimir Okhotnikov et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with Binance identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25460" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25460" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vladimir-okhotnikov-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-klein-et-al-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mark Klein, et al. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25458", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25458", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-28", "dateResolved": "2022-07-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Klein, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark Klein, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2022 as release LR-25458. The respondents named are Mark Klein, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25458" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25458" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-klein-et-al-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexandra-robert-chalala-academy-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Alexandra Robert, Chalala Academy LLC (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25452", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25452", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexandra Robert, Chalala Academy LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Alexandra Robert, Chalala Academy LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 27, 2022 as release LR-25452. The respondents named are Alexandra Robert, Chalala Academy LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25452" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25452" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexandra-robert-chalala-academy-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amit-bhardwaj-et-al-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Amit Bhardwaj, et al. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25450", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25450", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Amit Bhardwaj, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Amit Bhardwaj, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2022 as release LR-25450. The respondents named are Amit Bhardwaj, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25450" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25450" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amit-bhardwaj-et-al-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-seth-markin-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Seth Markin and Brandon Wong (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25451", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25451", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Seth Markin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Brandon Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Seth Markin and Brandon Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2022 as release LR-25451. The respondents named are Seth Markin and Brandon Wong (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25451" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25451" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-seth-markin-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-lahr-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25453", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25453", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-26", "dateResolved": "2022-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Lahr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Thomas Megas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 526974, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 78, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $526,974. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 78 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2022 as release LR-25453. The respondents named are Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $526,974. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 78 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25453" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25453" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-lahr-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brijesh-goel-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Brijesh Goel and Akshay Niranjan (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25449", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25449", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brijesh Goel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Akshay Niranjan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "fx", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brijesh Goel and Akshay Niranjan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2022 as release LR-25449. The respondents named are Brijesh Goel and Akshay Niranjan (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx and options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25449" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25449" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brijesh-goel-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-e-buyer-et-al-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Stephen E. Buyer, et al. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25448", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25448", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen E. Buyer, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Stephen E. Buyer, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2022 as release LR-25448. The respondents named are Stephen E. Buyer, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25448" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25448" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-e-buyer-et-al-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-apostolos-trovias-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Apostolos Trovias (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25447", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25447", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-21", "dateResolved": "2022-07-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Apostolos Trovias", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Apostolos Trovias, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2022 as release LR-25447. The respondents named are Apostolos Trovias (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25447" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25447" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-apostolos-trovias-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jimmy-gale-watson-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Jimmy Gale Watson (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8558-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8558-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7481/enfjimmywatsonconsentorder071422/download", "dateFiled": "2022-07-18", "dateResolved": "2022-07-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jimmy Gale Watson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 290000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Jimmy Gale Watson, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $290,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2022 as release 8558-22. The respondents named are Jimmy Gale Watson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $290,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8558-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8558-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7481/enfjimmywatsonconsentorder071422/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jimmy-gale-watson-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25446", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25446", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-18", "dateResolved": "2022-07-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joshua Tyrell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 125000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $125,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2022 as release LR-25446. The respondents named are Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc., and Joshua Tyrell (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $125,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25446" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25446" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-david-mcafee-newsletter-scalping-2022", "title": "SEC v. John David McAfee and Jimmy Gale Watson, Jr. (newsletter scalping, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25445", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25445", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-15", "dateResolved": "2022-07-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "John David McAfee", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jimmy Gale Watson, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 316401, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John David McAfee and Jimmy Gale Watson, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $316,401.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2022 as release LR-25445. The respondents named are John David McAfee and Jimmy Gale Watson, Jr. (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $316,401. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25445" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25445" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-david-mcafee-newsletter-scalping-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-cpa-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Steven J. Sheinfeld, CPA (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20930", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95223.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95223.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-07-08", "dateResolved": "2022-07-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven J. Sheinfeld, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven J. Sheinfeld, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2022 as release 3-20930. The respondents named are Steven J. Sheinfeld, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95223.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95223.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-cpa-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-doron-a-tavlin-afshin-farahan-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David J. Gantman (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25439", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25439", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David J. Gantman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David J. Gantman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2022 as release LR-25439. The respondents named are Doron A. Tavlin, Afshin Farahan, and David J. Gantman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25439" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25439" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-doron-a-tavlin-afshin-farahan-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-w-haywood-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. George W. Haywood (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25440", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25440", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George W. Haywood", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against George W. Haywood, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2022 as release LR-25440. The respondents named are George W. Haywood (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25440" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25440" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-w-haywood-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hugh-lee-sweeney-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Hugh Lee Sweeney (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20925", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11079.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11079.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-07-07", "dateResolved": "2022-07-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hugh Lee Sweeney", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 57931, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2500, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Hugh Lee Sweeney, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $57,931, prejudgment interest of $2,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2022 as release 3-20925. The respondents named are Hugh Lee Sweeney (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $57,931, prejudgment interest of $2,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11079.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11079.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hugh-lee-sweeney-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-w-pauciulo-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. John W. Pauciulo, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20926", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11080.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11080.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-07-07", "dateResolved": "2022-07-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John W. Pauciulo, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 490000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John W. Pauciulo, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $490,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2022 as release 3-20926. The respondents named are John W. Pauciulo, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $490,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11080.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11080.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-w-pauciulo-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-wade-beasley-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Wade Beasley, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25434", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25434", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Wade Beasley, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Wade Beasley, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2022 as release LR-25434. The respondents named are Matthew Wade Beasley, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25434" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25434" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-wade-beasley-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-prosperity-consultants-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Prosperity Consultants, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25436", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25436", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-07-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Prosperity Consultants, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Prosperity Consultants, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2022 as release LR-25436. The respondents named are Prosperity Consultants, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-07-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25436" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25436" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-prosperity-consultants-llc-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-j-moscatiello-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Daniel J. Moscatiello (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25431", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25431", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-29", "dateResolved": "2022-06-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel J. Moscatiello", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 89904, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3879, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel J. Moscatiello, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $89,904, prejudgment interest of $3,879.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2022 as release LR-25431. The respondents named are Daniel J. Moscatiello (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $89,904, prejudgment interest of $3,879. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25431" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25431" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-j-moscatiello-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-d-lachow-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Eric D. Lachow (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25429", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25429", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric D. Lachow", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eric D. Lachow, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2022 as release LR-25429. The respondents named are Eric D. Lachow (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25429" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25429" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-d-lachow-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Steven J. Sheinfeld (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25428", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25428", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-21", "dateResolved": "2022-06-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven J. Sheinfeld", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven J. Sheinfeld, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2022 as release LR-25428. The respondents named are Steven J. Sheinfeld (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25428" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25428" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lek-securities-corporation-et-al-layering-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lek Securities Corporation, et. al. (layering, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25427", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25427", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lek Securities Corporation, et. al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 25000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Lek Securities Corporation, et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as layering and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 17, 2022 as release LR-25427. The respondents named are Lek Securities Corporation, et. al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25427" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25427" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lek-securities-corporation-et-al-layering-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-roda-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. David Roda and Andrew Larkin (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25422", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25422", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-15", "dateResolved": "2022-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Roda", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andrew Larkin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 560762, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5602, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David Roda and Andrew Larkin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $5,602. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2022 as release LR-25422. The respondents named are David Roda and Andrew Larkin (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5,602. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25422" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25422" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-roda-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-mooney-britt-wright-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Michael Mooney, Britt Wright, and Penny Flippen (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25420", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25420", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Mooney, Britt Wright,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Penny Flippen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Mooney, Britt Wright, and Penny Flippen, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 14, 2022 as release LR-25420. The respondents named are Michael Mooney, Britt Wright, and Penny Flippen (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25420" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25420" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-mooney-britt-wright-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lijuan-sandra-hao-cpa-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lijuan \"Sandra\" Hao, CPA (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20896", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95076.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95076.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-06-09", "dateResolved": "2022-06-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lijuan \"Sandra\" Hao, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 8790, "penaltyUsd": 47850, "disgorgementUsd": 47850, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lijuan \"Sandra\" Hao, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $47,850, disgorgement of $47,850.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2022 as release 3-20896. The respondents named are Lijuan \"Sandra\" Hao, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $47,850, disgorgement of $47,850. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95076.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95076.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lijuan-sandra-hao-cpa-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-patrick-churchville-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Patrick Churchville, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25417", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25417", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-09", "dateResolved": "2022-06-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island", "defendants": [ { "name": "Patrick Churchville, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 225000, "disgorgementUsd": 29103738, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4577810, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 84, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Patrick Churchville, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $225,000, disgorgement of $29.1 million, prejudgment interest of $4.6 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 84 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2022 as release LR-25417. The respondents named are Patrick Churchville, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $225,000, disgorgement of $29.1 million, prejudgment interest of $4.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 84 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25417" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25417" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-patrick-churchville-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-puneet-dikshit-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Puneet Dikshit (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25416", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25416", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-09", "dateResolved": "2022-06-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Puneet Dikshit", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Puneet Dikshit, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2022 as release LR-25416. The respondents named are Puneet Dikshit (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25416" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25416" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-puneet-dikshit-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jae-cheol-oh-reverse-merger-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Jae Cheol Oh (reverse merger schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-95072", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95072.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95072.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-06-08", "dateResolved": "2022-06-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jae Cheol Oh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jae Cheol Oh, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 8, 2022 as release 34-95072. The respondents named are Jae Cheol Oh (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95072.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-95072.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jae-cheol-oh-reverse-merger-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stubos-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Stubos, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25411", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25411", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Stubos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 10000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Stubos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 8, 2022 as release LR-25411. The respondents named are Stubos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25411" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25411" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stubos-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mohammed-pithapurwala-ammar-kutiyanawalla-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25403", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25403", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-06-01", "dateResolved": "2022-06-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Alifiya Kutiyanawalla", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 523031, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $523,031.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 1, 2022 as release LR-25403. The respondents named are Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $523,031. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-06-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25403" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25403" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mohammed-pithapurwala-ammar-kutiyanawalla-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hugues-pierre-joublin-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Hugues Pierre Joublin (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25401", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25401", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-27", "dateResolved": "2022-05-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hugues Pierre Joublin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Hugues Pierre Joublin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2022 as release LR-25401. The respondents named are Hugues Pierre Joublin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25401" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25401" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hugues-pierre-joublin-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-m-middlebrooks-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Andrew M, Middlebrooks, et al (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25399", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25399", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew M, Middlebrooks, et al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew M, Middlebrooks, et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 25, 2022 as release LR-25399. The respondents named are Andrew M, Middlebrooks, et al (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25399" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25399" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-m-middlebrooks-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-glencore-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Glencore (price manipulation, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8534-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8534-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7291/enfglencoreorder052422/download", "dateFiled": "2022-05-24", "dateResolved": "2022-05-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Glencore", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1186000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Glencore, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 billion. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2022 as release 8534-22. The respondents named are Glencore (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 billion. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8534-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8534-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7291/enfglencoreorder052422/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-glencore-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-b-glassner-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Frank B. Glassner (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25398", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25398", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank B. Glassner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Frank B. Glassner, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2022 as release LR-25398. The respondents named are Frank B. Glassner (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25398" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25398" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-b-glassner-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-oregon-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Oregon and others (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8532-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8532-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7266/enfsenecacomplaint051022/download", "dateFiled": "2022-05-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Oregon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Illinois Residents", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Florida Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Oregon, Illinois Residents and Florida Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 19, 2022 as release 8532-22. The respondents named are Oregon, Illinois Residents and Florida Company (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8532-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8532-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7266/enfsenecacomplaint051022/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7271/enfsenecastatutoryrestrainingorder051122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7276/enfsenecaorder051122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-oregon-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sohrab-sam-sharma-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sohrab (Sam\") Sharma (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25396", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25396", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-19", "dateResolved": "2022-05-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sohrab (Sam\") Sharma", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 37701966, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sohrab (Sam\") Sharma, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records prejudgment interest of $37.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 19, 2022 as release LR-25396. The respondents named are Sohrab (Sam\") Sharma (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $37.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25396" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25396" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sohrab-sam-sharma-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wynn-charlebois-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Wynn Charlebois et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25397", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25397", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Wynn Charlebois et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Wynn Charlebois et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 19, 2022 as release LR-25397. The respondents named are Wynn Charlebois et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25397" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25397" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wynn-charlebois-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jillian-sidoti-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Jillian Sidoti (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25394", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25394", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-17", "dateResolved": "2022-05-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jillian Sidoti", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 22000, "disgorgementUsd": 14169, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4665, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jillian Sidoti, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $22,000, disgorgement of $14,169, prejudgment interest of $4,665.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 17, 2022 as release LR-25394. The respondents named are Jillian Sidoti (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $22,000, disgorgement of $14,169, prejudgment interest of $4,665. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25394" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25394" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jillian-sidoti-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-long-island-resident-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Long Island Resident and His Firm (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8527-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8527-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7246/enfeminifxcomplaint051122/download", "dateFiled": "2022-05-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Long Island Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Long Island Resident and His Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 13, 2022 as release 8527-22. The respondents named are Long Island Resident and His Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8527-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8527-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7246/enfeminifxcomplaint051122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7241/enfeminifxoder051122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-long-island-resident-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brenda-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Brenda Smith, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25390", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25390", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brenda Smith, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 109, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brenda Smith, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 109 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2022 as release LR-25390. The respondents named are Brenda Smith, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 109 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25390" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25390" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brenda-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-man-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. California Man and His Companies (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8524-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8524-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7231/enfnawabicomplaint042622/download", "dateFiled": "2022-05-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "California Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against California Man and His Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 10, 2022 as release 8524-22. The respondents named are California Man and His Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8524-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8524-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7231/enfnawabicomplaint042622/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-man-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-manuel-a-romero-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Manuel A. Romero (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25389", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25389", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-10", "dateResolved": "2022-05-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Manuel A. Romero", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 91819, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6655, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Manuel A. Romero, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $91,819, prejudgment interest of $6,655. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 10, 2022 as release LR-25389. The respondents named are Manuel A. Romero (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $91,819, prejudgment interest of $6,655. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25389" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25389" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-manuel-a-romero-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sepehr-sarshar-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Sepehr Sarshar (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25387", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25387", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-09", "dateResolved": "2022-05-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sepehr Sarshar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sepehr Sarshar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2022 as release LR-25387. The respondents named are Sepehr Sarshar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25387" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25387" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sepehr-sarshar-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tko-farms-inc-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. TKO Farms, Inc., et al. (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25386", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25386", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "TKO Farms, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against TKO Farms, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2022 as release LR-25386. The respondents named are TKO Farms, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25386" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25386" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tko-farms-inc-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-perini-capital-llc-and-michael-d-perini-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Perini Capital, LLC and Michael D. Perini (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-6015", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6015.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6015.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-05-06", "dateResolved": "2022-05-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Perini Capital, LLC and Michael D. Perini", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Perini Capital, LLC and Michael D. Perini, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2022 as release IA-6015. The respondents named are Perini Capital, LLC and Michael D. Perini (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6015.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/ia-6015.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-perini-capital-llc-and-michael-d-perini-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-derek-j-slattery-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Derek J. Slattery and TradeSmart Software RIC Corporation (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25382", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25382", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Derek J. Slattery", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "TradeSmart Software RIC Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Derek J. Slattery and TradeSmart Software RIC Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 5, 2022 as release LR-25382. The respondents named are Derek J. Slattery and TradeSmart Software RIC Corporation (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25382" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25382" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-derek-j-slattery-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-marchi-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mark Marchi (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25384", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25384", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-05", "dateResolved": "2022-05-05", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Marchi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mark Marchi, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 5, 2022 as release LR-25384. The respondents named are Mark Marchi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25384" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25384" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-marchi-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-btig-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022", "title": "SEC v. BTIG, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25380", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25380", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-05-03", "dateResolved": "2022-05-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BTIG, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 315048, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 64258, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against BTIG, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $315,048, prejudgment interest of $64,258.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 3, 2022 as release LR-25380. The respondents named are BTIG, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $315,048, prejudgment interest of $64,258. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25380" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25380" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-btig-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-balasubrahmanya-kuchibhotla-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Balasubrahmanya Kuchibhotla (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-94834", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94834.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94834.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-05-02", "dateResolved": "2022-05-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Balasubrahmanya Kuchibhotla", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Balasubrahmanya Kuchibhotla, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2022 as release 34-94834. The respondents named are Balasubrahmanya Kuchibhotla (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94834.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94834.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-balasubrahmanya-kuchibhotla-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-maplelane-capital-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022", "title": "SEC v. Maplelane Capital LLC (naked short selling debate, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20837", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94830.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94830.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-05-02", "dateResolved": "2022-05-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Maplelane Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 554721, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 19320, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Maplelane Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $554,721, prejudgment interest of $19,320.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2022 as release 3-20837. The respondents named are Maplelane Capital LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $554,721, prejudgment interest of $19,320. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-05-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94830.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94830.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-maplelane-capital-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-american-equities-inc-american-eagle-mortgage-management-llc-ross-c-miles-po", "title": "SEC v. American Equities, Inc., American Eagle Mortgage Management, LLC, Ross C. Miles and Maureen T. Wile (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25375", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25375", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-27", "dateResolved": "2022-04-27", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Oregon", "defendants": [ { "name": "American Equities, Inc., American Eagle Mortgage Management, LLC, Ross C. Miles", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Maureen T. Wile", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with American Equities, Inc., American Eagle Mortgage Management, LLC, Ross C. Miles and Maureen T. Wile, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 27, 2022 as release LR-25375. The respondents named are American Equities, Inc., American Eagle Mortgage Management, LLC, Ross C. Miles and Maureen T. Wile (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Oregon.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25375" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25375" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-american-equities-inc-american-eagle-mortgage-management-llc-ross-c-miles-po/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wealth-plus-inc-unregistered-distributions-2022", "title": "SEC v. Wealth Plus, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20835", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11056.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11056.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-04-27", "dateResolved": "2022-04-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wealth Plus, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 329546, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 38686, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wealth Plus, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $329,546, prejudgment interest of $38,686.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 27, 2022 as release 3-20835. The respondents named are Wealth Plus, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $329,546, prejudgment interest of $38,686. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11056.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11056.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wealth-plus-inc-unregistered-distributions-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bernard-l-compton-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Bernard L. Compton (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25374", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25374", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-22", "dateResolved": "2022-04-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bernard L. Compton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bernard L. Compton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2022 as release LR-25374. The respondents named are Bernard L. Compton (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25374" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25374" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bernard-l-compton-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-moshe-strugano-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Moshe Strugano and Rinat Gazit (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25373", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25373", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Moshe Strugano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rinat Gazit", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Moshe Strugano and Rinat Gazit, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 20, 2022 as release LR-25373. The respondents named are Moshe Strugano and Rinat Gazit (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25373" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25373" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-moshe-strugano-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-domenic-calabrigo-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022", "title": "SEC v. Domenic Calabrigo et al. (pump and dump, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25372", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25372", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Domenic Calabrigo et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Domenic Calabrigo et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 19, 2022 as release LR-25372. The respondents named are Domenic Calabrigo et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25372" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25372" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-domenic-calabrigo-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-legal-funding-group-of-georgia-llc-and-benjamin-s-eichholz-unregistered-", "title": "SEC v. The Legal Funding Group of Georgia, LLC and Benjamin S. Eichholz (unregistered distributions, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-11053", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11053.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11053.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-04-19", "dateResolved": "2022-04-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Legal Funding Group of Georgia, LLC and Benjamin S. Eichholz", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Legal Funding Group of Georgia, LLC and Benjamin S. Eichholz, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 19, 2022 as release 33-11053. The respondents named are The Legal Funding Group of Georgia, LLC and Benjamin S. Eichholz (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11053.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11053.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-legal-funding-group-of-georgia-llc-and-benjamin-s-eichholz-unregistered-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carl-iberger-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Carl Iberger and Timothy Iberger (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25368", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25368", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-15", "dateResolved": "2022-04-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carl Iberger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Timothy Iberger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 69223, "disgorgementUsd": 68350, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carl Iberger and Timothy Iberger, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $69,223, disgorgement of $68,350.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2022 as release LR-25368. The respondents named are Carl Iberger and Timothy Iberger (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $69,223, disgorgement of $68,350. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25368" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25368" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carl-iberger-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-damon-elliott-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Damon Elliott, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25369", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25369", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-15", "dateResolved": "2022-04-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Damon Elliott, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6348314, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Damon Elliott, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $6.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2022 as release LR-25369. The respondents named are Damon Elliott, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $6.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25369" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25369" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-damon-elliott-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dean-shah-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022", "title": "SEC v. Dean Shah et al. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25367", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25367", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dean Shah et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dean Shah et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 15, 2022 as release LR-25367. The respondents named are Dean Shah et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25367" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25367" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dean-shah-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-tennessee-trader-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Tennessee Trader and Two Entities (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8514-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8514-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7166/enfdavidskuddercomplaint041422/download", "dateFiled": "2022-04-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tennessee Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Two Entities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Tennessee Trader and Two Entities, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2022 as release 8514-22. The respondents named are Tennessee Trader and Two Entities (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8514-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8514-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7166/enfdavidskuddercomplaint041422/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-tennessee-trader-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-loman-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mark Loman (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25364", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-14", "dateResolved": "2022-04-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Loman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 35, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark Loman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 35 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2022. The respondents named are Mark Loman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 35 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25364" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25364" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-loman-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-bauer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Bauer et al. (pump and dump, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25366", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25366", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Bauer et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 145000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ronald Bauer et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2022 as release LR-25366. The respondents named are Ronald Bauer et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25366" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25366" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-bauer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-wallace-herman-anthony-michael-baker-ian-horn-boiler-rooms-2022", "title": "SEC v. Justin Wallace Herman, Anthony Michael Baker, Ian Horn, and Island Capital Inc (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25361", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25361", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-12", "dateResolved": "2022-04-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky", "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Wallace Herman, Anthony Michael Baker, Ian Horn,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Island Capital Inc", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1000000, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": 1000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Justin Wallace Herman, Anthony Michael Baker, Ian Horn, and Island Capital Inc, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000, disgorgement of $1,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 12, 2022 as release LR-25361. The respondents named are Justin Wallace Herman, Anthony Michael Baker, Ian Horn, and Island Capital Inc (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000, disgorgement of $1,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25361" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25361" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-wallace-herman-anthony-michael-baker-ian-horn-boiler-rooms-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-salandra-false-rumors-2022", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Salandra (false rumors, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25358", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25358", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-11", "dateResolved": "2022-04-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Salandra", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "false-rumors" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 132560, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony Salandra, alleging conduct this library classifies as false rumors. The release records disgorgement of $132,560. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2022 as release LR-25358. The respondents named are Anthony Salandra (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as false rumors, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $132,560. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25358" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25358" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-salandra-false-rumors-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/false-rumors/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-julie-minuskin-joshua-stoll-dennis-diricco-tom-casey-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Julie Minuskin, Joshua Stoll, Dennis DiRicco, Tom Casey and Golden Genesis, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25359", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25359", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-04-11", "dateResolved": "2022-04-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Julie Minuskin, Joshua Stoll, Dennis DiRicco, Tom Casey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Golden Genesis, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Julie Minuskin, Joshua Stoll, Dennis DiRicco, Tom Casey and Golden Genesis, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2022 as release LR-25359. The respondents named are Julie Minuskin, Joshua Stoll, Dennis DiRicco, Tom Casey and Golden Genesis, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25359" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25359" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-julie-minuskin-joshua-stoll-dennis-diricco-tom-casey-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-danish-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Danish (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8512-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8512-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7111/enfmikkelsenorder02222/download", "dateFiled": "2022-04-08", "dateResolved": "2022-04-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Danish", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4700000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Danish, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $4.7 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2022 as release 8512-22. The respondents named are Danish (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8512-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8512-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7111/enfmikkelsenorder02222/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7116/enfmikkelsenfinaljudgment02222/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-danish-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-james-vorley-settlement-price-manipulation-2022", "title": "CFTC v. James Vorley (spoofing, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8511-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8511-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7131/enfvorleyfinaljudgmentandconsentorder040722/download", "dateFiled": "2022-04-07", "dateResolved": "2022-04-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "James Vorley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against James Vorley, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 7, 2022 as release 8511-22. The respondents named are James Vorley (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8511-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8511-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7131/enfvorleyfinaljudgmentandconsentorder040722/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7136/enfchanufinaljudgmentandconsentorder040722/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-james-vorley-settlement-price-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lloyd-d-reed-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Lloyd D. Reed (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-94591", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94591.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94591.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-04-04", "dateResolved": "2022-04-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lloyd D. Reed", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lloyd D. Reed, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2022 as release 34-94591. The respondents named are Lloyd D. Reed (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-04-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94591.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/34-94591.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lloyd-d-reed-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8507-22-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8507-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8507-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7096/enftinococonsentorder032522/download", "dateFiled": "2022-03-29", "dateResolved": "2022-03-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2022 as release 8507-22. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8507-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8507-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7096/enftinococonsentorder032522/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8507-22-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hari-prasad-sure-et-al-civ-act-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Hari Prasad Sure, et al., Civ. Act. (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25350", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25350", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-03-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hari Prasad Sure, et al., Civ. Act.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Hari Prasad Sure, et al., Civ. Act., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2022 as release LR-25350. The respondents named are Hari Prasad Sure, et al., Civ. Act. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25350" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25350" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hari-prasad-sure-et-al-civ-act-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8504-22-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8504-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8504-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7076/enfkholamianconsentorder032122/download", "dateFiled": "2022-03-22", "dateResolved": "2022-03-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 48, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 48 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2022 as release 8504-22. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 48 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8504-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8504-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7076/enfkholamianconsentorder032122/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8504-22-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-francis-biller-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022", "title": "SEC v. Francis Biller, et al. (pump and dump, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25348", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25348", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-03-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Francis Biller, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 58000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Francis Biller, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 17, 2022 as release LR-25348. The respondents named are Francis Biller, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25348" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25348" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-francis-biller-et-al-pump-and-dump-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-four-operators-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. Four Operators (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8498-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8498-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7046/enfgoldencomplaint030822/download", "dateFiled": "2022-03-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Four Operators", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Four Operators, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 8, 2022 as release 8498-22. The respondents named are Four Operators (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8498-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8498-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/7046/enfgoldencomplaint030822/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-four-operators-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-orazio-degregorio-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Orazio DeGregorio (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25339", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25339", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-03-02", "dateResolved": "2022-03-02", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Orazio DeGregorio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Orazio DeGregorio, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2022 as release LR-25339. The respondents named are Joseph Orazio DeGregorio (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25339" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25339" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-orazio-degregorio-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-alan-bourgeois-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022", "title": "SEC v. Mark Alan Bourgeois (undisclosed control blocks, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20786", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11036.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11036.pdf", "dateFiled": "2022-03-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Alan Bourgeois", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1993880, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 106682, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark Alan Bourgeois, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $106,682.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2022 as release 3-20786. The respondents named are Mark Alan Bourgeois (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $106,682. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11036.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2022/33-11036.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-alan-bourgeois-undisclosed-control-blocks-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-t-e-coldicutt-pump-and-dump-2022", "title": "SEC v. Andrew T.E. Coldicutt (pump and dump, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25338", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25338", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-03-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew T.E. Coldicutt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew T.E. Coldicutt, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 1, 2022 as release LR-25338. The respondents named are Andrew T.E. Coldicutt (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-03-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25338" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25338" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-t-e-coldicutt-pump-and-dump-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-michael-havrilla-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. John-Michael Havrilla (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25333", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25333", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-02-22", "dateResolved": "2022-02-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John-Michael Havrilla", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 160230, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John-Michael Havrilla, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $160,230.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 22, 2022 as release LR-25333. The respondents named are John-Michael Havrilla (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $160,230. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-02-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25333" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25333" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-michael-havrilla-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-global-wholehealth-partners-corp-charles-strongo-brian-m-volmer-joshua-yafa-", "title": "SEC v. Global Wholehealth Partners Corp., Charles Strongo, Brian M. Volmer, Joshua Yafa, Jamie M. Yafa, and Empire Associates, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25332", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25332", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-02-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Global Wholehealth Partners Corp., Charles Strongo, Brian M. Volmer, Joshua Yafa, Jamie M. Yafa,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Empire Associates, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Global Wholehealth Partners Corp., Charles Strongo, Brian M. Volmer, Joshua Yafa, Jamie M. Yafa, and Empire Associates, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 17, 2022 as release LR-25332. The respondents named are Global Wholehealth Partners Corp., Charles Strongo, Brian M. Volmer, Joshua Yafa, Jamie M. Yafa, and Empire Associates, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-02-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25332" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25332" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-global-wholehealth-partners-corp-charles-strongo-brian-m-volmer-joshua-yafa-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathaniel-brown-benjamin-wylam-naveen-sood-marcus-bannon-matthew-rauch-and-n", "title": "SEC v. Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, And Naresh Ramaiya (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25330", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25330", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-02-11", "dateResolved": "2022-02-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, And Naresh Ramaiya", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, And Naresh Ramaiya, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 11, 2022 as release LR-25330. The respondents named are Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, And Naresh Ramaiya (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-02-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25330" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25330" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathaniel-brown-benjamin-wylam-naveen-sood-marcus-bannon-matthew-rauch-and-n/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-lenard-booth-michael-d-urso-daniel-t-wellcome-jr-alyssa-d-urso-antone", "title": "SEC v. Robert Lenard Booth, Michael D'Urso, Daniel T. Wellcome Jr., Alyssa D'Urso, Antonella Chiaramonte, and Jay Garnock) (boiler rooms, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25326", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25326", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-02-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Lenard Booth, Michael D'Urso, Daniel T. Wellcome Jr., Alyssa D'Urso, Antonella Chiaramonte,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jay Garnock)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert Lenard Booth, Michael D'Urso, Daniel T. Wellcome Jr., Alyssa D'Urso, Antonella Chiaramonte, and Jay Garnock), alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2022 as release LR-25326. The respondents named are Robert Lenard Booth, Michael D'Urso, Daniel T. Wellcome Jr., Alyssa D'Urso, Antonella Chiaramonte, and Jay Garnock) (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-02-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25326" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25326" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-lenard-booth-michael-d-urso-daniel-t-wellcome-jr-alyssa-d-urso-antone/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-m-beck-a-k-a-bigmoneymike6-newsletter-scalping-2022", "title": "SEC v. Michael M. Beck, a/k/a @BigMoneyMike6, and Relief Defendant Helen P. Robinson (newsletter scalping, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25325", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25325", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-02-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael M. Beck, a/k/a @BigMoneyMike6,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Relief Defendant Helen P. Robinson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 870000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael M. Beck, a/k/a @BigMoneyMike6, and Relief Defendant Helen P. Robinson, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2022 as release LR-25325. The respondents named are Michael M. Beck, a/k/a @BigMoneyMike6, and Relief Defendant Helen P. Robinson (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-02-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25325" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25325" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-m-beck-a-k-a-bigmoneymike6-newsletter-scalping-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-seethruequity-llc-ajay-tandon-analyst-manipulation-2022", "title": "SEC v. SeeThruEquity, LLC, Ajay Tandon, and Amit Tandon (newsletter scalping, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25321", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25321", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-28", "dateResolved": "2022-01-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "SeeThruEquity, LLC, Ajay Tandon,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Amit Tandon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against SeeThruEquity, LLC, Ajay Tandon, and Amit Tandon, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 28, 2022 as release LR-25321. The respondents named are SeeThruEquity, LLC, Ajay Tandon, and Amit Tandon (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25321" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25321" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-seethruequity-llc-ajay-tandon-analyst-manipulation-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-milrud-layering-2022", "title": "SEC v. Milrud (layering, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25319", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25319", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-26", "dateResolved": "2022-01-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Milrud", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Milrud, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 26, 2022 as release LR-25319. The respondents named are Milrud (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25319" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25319" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-milrud-layering-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-william-s-evans-iii-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "CFTC v. William S. Evans III (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8481-22", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8481-22", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6921/enfevansconsentorder011922/download", "dateFiled": "2022-01-19", "dateResolved": "2022-01-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky", "defendants": [ { "name": "William S. Evans III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 17000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against William S. Evans III, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $17 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2022 as release 8481-22. The respondents named are William S. Evans III (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $17 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8481-22" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8481-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6921/enfevansconsentorder011922/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-william-s-evans-iii-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-p-forte-gregory-p-manning-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. David P. Forte, Gregory P. Manning and John D. Younis (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25311", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25311", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David P. Forte, Gregory P. Manning", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John D. Younis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 90000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David P. Forte, Gregory P. Manning and John D. Younis, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2022 as release LR-25311. The respondents named are David P. Forte, Gregory P. Manning and John D. Younis (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25311" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25311" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-p-forte-gregory-p-manning-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. Douglas A. Roth (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25306", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25306", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-13", "dateResolved": "2022-01-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas A. Roth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Douglas A. Roth, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2022 as release LR-25306. The respondents named are Douglas A. Roth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25306" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25306" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-s-sargent-insider-trading-2022", "title": "SEC v. David S. Sargent and Christopher M. Klundt (insider trading, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25305", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25305", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David S. Sargent", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher M. Klundt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David S. Sargent and Christopher M. Klundt, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 11, 2022 as release LR-25305. The respondents named are David S. Sargent and Christopher M. Klundt (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25305" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25305" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-s-sargent-insider-trading-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tanmaya-kabra-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022", "title": "SEC v. Tanmaya Kabra et al. (ponzi schemes, 2022)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25301", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25301", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2022-01-06", "dateResolved": "2022-01-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tanmaya Kabra et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 567793, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 21, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Tanmaya Kabra et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $567,793. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 21 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 6, 2022 as release LR-25301. The respondents named are Tanmaya Kabra et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $567,793. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 21 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-01-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25301" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25301" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tanmaya-kabra-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2022/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-jersey-based-entities-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. New Jersey-Based Entities and Individuals (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8477-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8477-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6876/enfworldwidecomplaint122721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-12-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "New Jersey-Based Entities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Individuals", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New Jersey-Based Entities and Individuals, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 28, 2021 as release 8477-21. The respondents named are New Jersey-Based Entities and Individuals (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8477-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8477-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6876/enfworldwidecomplaint122721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-jersey-based-entities-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-dubai-traders-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Dubai Traders and Their Firms (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8476-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8476-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6871/enfaraliaorder122721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-12-27", "dateResolved": "2021-12-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dubai Traders", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Firms", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Dubai Traders and Their Firms, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 27, 2021 as release 8476-21. The respondents named are Dubai Traders and Their Firms (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8476-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8476-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6871/enfaraliaorder122721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-dubai-traders-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marco-sully-perez-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Marco \"Sully\" Perez and Permian Basin Proppants, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25293", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25293", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Marco \"Sully\" Perez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Permian Basin Proppants, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marco \"Sully\" Perez and Permian Basin Proppants, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2021 as release LR-25293. The respondents named are Marco \"Sully\" Perez and Permian Basin Proppants, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25293" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25293" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marco-sully-perez-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-v-t-catenacci-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Daniel V.T. Catenacci (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25291", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25291", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel V.T. Catenacci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Daniel V.T. Catenacci, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2021 as release LR-25291. The respondents named are Daniel V.T. Catenacci (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25291" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25291" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-v-t-catenacci-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-p-morgan-securities-llc-chat-group-pumps-2021", "title": "SEC v. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (chat group pumps, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-93807", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93807.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93807.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-12-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "J.P. Morgan Securities LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "chat-group-pumps" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as chat group pumps. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2021 as release 34-93807. The respondents named are J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as chat group pumps, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93807.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93807.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-p-morgan-securities-llc-chat-group-pumps-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/chat-group-pumps/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wedbush-securities-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021", "title": "SEC v. Wedbush Securities Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20679", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11015.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11015.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-12-15", "dateResolved": "2021-12-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wedbush Securities Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 165000000, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wedbush Securities Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 15, 2021 as release 3-20679. The respondents named are Wedbush Securities Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11015.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11015.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wedbush-securities-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-puerto-rico-resident-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Puerto Rico Resident and His Firm (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8468-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8468-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6801/enfmillercomplaint121021/download", "dateFiled": "2021-12-10", "dateResolved": "2021-12-10", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Puerto Rico Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Puerto Rico Resident and His Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2021 as release 8468-21. The respondents named are Puerto Rico Resident and His Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8468-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8468-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6801/enfmillercomplaint121021/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-puerto-rico-resident-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mohammed-pithapurwala-ammar-kutiyanawalla-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25285", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25285", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Alifiya Kutiyanawalla", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2021 as release LR-25285. The respondents named are Mohammed Pithapurwala, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, and Alifiya Kutiyanawalla (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25285" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25285" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mohammed-pithapurwala-ammar-kutiyanawalla-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-banoczay-jr-spoofing-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Banoczay Jr. (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8467-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8467-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6796/enfromanconsentorder120721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-12-08", "dateResolved": "2021-12-08", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Banoczay Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Banoczay Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 8, 2021 as release 8467-21. The respondents named are Banoczay Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8467-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8467-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6796/enfromanconsentorder120721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-banoczay-jr-spoofing-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-auzins-unregistered-distributions-2021", "title": "SEC v. Auzins (unregistered distributions, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25277", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25277", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Auzins", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Auzins, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2021 as release LR-25277. The respondents named are Auzins (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25277" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25277" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-auzins-unregistered-distributions-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-starkweather-fake-press-releases-2021", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation (fake press releases, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25281", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25281", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-03", "dateResolved": "2021-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Starkweather", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andiamo Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2021 as release LR-25281. The respondents named are Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25281" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25281" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-starkweather-fake-press-releases-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Carnovale, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25276", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25276", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carnovale, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Carnovale, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 2, 2021 as release LR-25276. The respondents named are Carnovale, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25276" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25276" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carnovale-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-c-dobkin-cynthia-braun-michael-fiorillo-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Robert C. Dobkin, Cynthia Braun, Michael Fiorillo and Jeffrey S. Gregersen (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25275", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25275", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-12-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert C. Dobkin, Cynthia Braun, Michael Fiorillo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jeffrey S. Gregersen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 325000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert C. Dobkin, Cynthia Braun, Michael Fiorillo and Jeffrey S. Gregersen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2021 as release LR-25275. The respondents named are Robert C. Dobkin, Cynthia Braun, Michael Fiorillo and Jeffrey S. Gregersen (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-12-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25275" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25275" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-c-dobkin-cynthia-braun-michael-fiorillo-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-demane-debih-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Marc Demane Debih (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25274", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25274", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-30", "dateResolved": "2021-11-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc Demane Debih", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marc Demane Debih, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 30, 2021 as release LR-25274. The respondents named are Marc Demane Debih (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25274" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25274" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-demane-debih-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-guy-scott-griffithe-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Guy Scott Griffithe and Robert William Russell (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25272", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25272", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Guy Scott Griffithe", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert William Russell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5300000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 336194, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Guy Scott Griffithe and Robert William Russell, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $5.3 million, prejudgment interest of $336,194.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 24, 2021 as release LR-25272. The respondents named are Guy Scott Griffithe and Robert William Russell (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.3 million, prejudgment interest of $336,194. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25272" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25272" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-guy-scott-griffithe-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carol-e-cohen-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Carol E. Cohen and Austin Rotter (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25268", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25268", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-23", "dateResolved": "2021-11-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carol E. Cohen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Austin Rotter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 91292, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carol E. Cohen and Austin Rotter, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $91,292.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 23, 2021 as release LR-25268. The respondents named are Carol E. Cohen and Austin Rotter (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $91,292. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25268" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25268" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carol-e-cohen-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tomer-feingold-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25269", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25269", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-23", "dateResolved": "2021-11-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tomer Feingold", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dov Malnik", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 30, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 30 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 23, 2021 as release LR-25269. The respondents named are Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 30 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25269" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25269" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tomer-feingold-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-propetro-holding-corp-and-dale-redman-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. ProPetro Holding Corp. and Dale Redman (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20661", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11008.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11008.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-11-22", "dateResolved": "2021-11-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ProPetro Holding Corp. and Dale Redman", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ProPetro Holding Corp. and Dale Redman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2021 as release 3-20661. The respondents named are ProPetro Holding Corp. and Dale Redman (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11008.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-11008.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-propetro-holding-corp-and-dale-redman-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mio-partners-inc-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. MIO Partners, Inc. (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5912", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5912.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5912.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-11-19", "dateResolved": "2021-11-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "MIO Partners, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 80000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with MIO Partners, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2021 as release IA-5912. The respondents named are MIO Partners, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5912.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5912.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mio-partners-inc-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-e-gericke-esq-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. William E. Gericke, Esq. (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-93617", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93617.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93617.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-11-19", "dateResolved": "2021-11-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William E. Gericke, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William E. Gericke, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2021 as release 34-93617. The respondents named are William E. Gericke, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93617.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93617.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-e-gericke-esq-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-daniel-fingerhut-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Daniel Fingerhut (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8460-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8460-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6746/enffingerhutconsentorder111721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-11-17", "dateResolved": "2021-11-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Fingerhut", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": 7000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel Fingerhut, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $7 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 17, 2021 as release 8460-21. The respondents named are Daniel Fingerhut (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8460-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8460-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6746/enffingerhutconsentorder111721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6751/enfvalariolaconsentorder111721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-daniel-fingerhut-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-wright-cpa-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. William Wright, CPA (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20652", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93568.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93568.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-11-12", "dateResolved": "2021-11-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William Wright, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William Wright, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 12, 2021 as release 3-20652. The respondents named are William Wright, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93568.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93568.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-wright-cpa-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Douglas A. Roth (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20649", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93548.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93548.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-11-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas A. Roth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Douglas A. Roth, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 10, 2021 as release 3-20649. The respondents named are Douglas A. Roth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93548.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93548.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gerald-fauth-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Gerald Fauth (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25261", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25261", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gerald Fauth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gerald Fauth, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 10, 2021 as release LR-25261. The respondents named are Gerald Fauth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25261" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25261" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gerald-fauth-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-p-godwin-et-al-wash-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. David P. Godwin, et al. (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25254", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25254", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-04", "dateResolved": "2021-11-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David P. Godwin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David P. Godwin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2021 as release LR-25254. The respondents named are David P. Godwin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25254" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25254" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-p-godwin-et-al-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-miller-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Miller, Saeid Jaberian and Christopher J. Rajkaran (pump and dump, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25253", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25253", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-11-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Miller, Saeid Jaberian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher J. Rajkaran", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 240000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark A. Miller, Saeid Jaberian and Christopher J. Rajkaran, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 1, 2021 as release LR-25253. The respondents named are Mark A. Miller, Saeid Jaberian and Christopher J. Rajkaran (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-11-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25253" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25253" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-miller-saeid-jaberian-pump-and-dump-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bnz-one-capital-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. BNZ One Capital, LLC, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25250", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25250", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-10-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "BNZ One Capital, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against BNZ One Capital, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 29, 2021 as release LR-25250. The respondents named are BNZ One Capital, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25250" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25250" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bnz-one-capital-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-jersey-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. New Jersey Resident and His Company (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8454-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8454-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6696/enfswapnilcomplaint102621/download", "dateFiled": "2021-10-27", "dateResolved": "2021-10-27", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "New Jersey Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with New Jersey Resident and His Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2021 as release 8454-21. The respondents named are New Jersey Resident and His Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8454-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8454-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6696/enfswapnilcomplaint102621/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-jersey-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ann-m-vick-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Ann M. Vick (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25246", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25246", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-10-26", "dateResolved": "2021-10-26", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ann M. Vick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 570150, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ann M. Vick, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $570,150.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2021 as release LR-25246. The respondents named are Ann M. Vick (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $570,150. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25246" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25246" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ann-m-vick-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-denis-georgiyevich-sotnikov-et-al-spoofing-2021", "title": "SEC v. Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al. (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25247", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25247", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-10-26", "dateResolved": "2021-10-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2535611, "disgorgementUsd": 2628260, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $2.6 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2021 as release LR-25247. The respondents named are Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $2.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25247" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25247" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-denis-georgiyevich-sotnikov-et-al-spoofing-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-el-paso-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. El Paso Resident and His Firm (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8452-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8452-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6666/enftinococomplaint102021/download", "dateFiled": "2021-10-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "El Paso Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against El Paso Resident and His Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 20, 2021 as release 8452-21. The respondents named are El Paso Resident and His Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and fx.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8452-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8452-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6666/enftinococomplaint102021/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-el-paso-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-craig-l-clavin-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Craig L. Clavin (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8447-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8447-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6621/enflighthouseconsentorder101221/download", "dateFiled": "2021-10-12", "dateResolved": "2021-10-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig L. Clavin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 370000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Craig L. Clavin, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $370,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 12, 2021 as release 8447-21. The respondents named are Craig L. Clavin (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $370,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8447-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8447-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6621/enflighthouseconsentorder101221/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-craig-l-clavin-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-north-carolina-companies-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. North Carolina Companies and Their Owners (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8446-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8446-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6596/enfstormorder092421/download", "dateFiled": "2021-10-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Carolina Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Owners", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against North Carolina Companies and Their Owners, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 8, 2021 as release 8446-21. The respondents named are North Carolina Companies and Their Owners (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8446-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8446-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6596/enfstormorder092421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6536/enfstormcomplaint091521/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-north-carolina-companies-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-pagartanis-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Steven Pagartanis (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25242", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25242", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-10-07", "dateResolved": "2021-10-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Pagartanis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6519594, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 170, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven Pagartanis, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $6.5 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 170 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 7, 2021 as release LR-25242. The respondents named are Steven Pagartanis (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 170 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25242" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25242" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-pagartanis-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-keith-a-wakefield-wash-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Keith A. Wakefield (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25239", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25239", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-10-01", "dateResolved": "2021-10-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Keith A. Wakefield", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 820000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Keith A. Wakefield, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2021 as release LR-25239. The respondents named are Keith A. Wakefield (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-10-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25239" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25239" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-keith-a-wakefield-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adam-heimann-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Adam Heimann (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20614", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10994.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10994.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-09-30", "dateResolved": "2021-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Adam Heimann", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Adam Heimann, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2021 as release 3-20614. The respondents named are Adam Heimann (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10994.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10994.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adam-heimann-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-l-ciccone-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Gregory L. Ciccone, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25236", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25236", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory L. Ciccone, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gregory L. Ciccone, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2021 as release LR-25236. The respondents named are Gregory L. Ciccone, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25236" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25236" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-l-ciccone-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sky-group-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Sky Group, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25234", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25234", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sky Group, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sky Group, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2021 as release LR-25234. The respondents named are Sky Group, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25234" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25234" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sky-group-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jaeson-birnbaum-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jaeson Birnbaum (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25232", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25232", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jaeson Birnbaum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jaeson Birnbaum, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2021 as release LR-25232. The respondents named are Jaeson Birnbaum (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25232" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25232" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jaeson-birnbaum-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tradition-securities-and-derivatives-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2021", "title": "SEC v. Tradition Securities and Derivatives, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-93154", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93154.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93154.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-09-28", "dateResolved": "2021-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tradition Securities and Derivatives, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 841627, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 841627, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 104205, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tradition Securities and Derivatives, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $841,627, prejudgment interest of $104,205.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2021 as release 34-93154. The respondents named are Tradition Securities and Derivatives, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $841,627, prejudgment interest of $104,205. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93154.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-93154.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tradition-securities-and-derivatives-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-suyun-gu-et-al-wash-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Suyun Gu, et al. (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25224", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25224", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-27", "dateResolved": "2021-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Suyun Gu, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 51334, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Suyun Gu, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $51,334.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2021 as release LR-25224. The respondents named are Suyun Gu, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $51,334. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25224" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25224" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-suyun-gu-et-al-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-timothy-page-et-al-daniel-cattlin-boiler-rooms-2021", "title": "SEC v. Timothy Page et al., Daniel Cattlin and William R. Shupe (boiler rooms, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25227", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25227", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Timothy Page et al., Daniel Cattlin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William R. Shupe", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 10000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Timothy Page et al., Daniel Cattlin and William R. Shupe, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2021 as release LR-25227. The respondents named are Timothy Page et al., Daniel Cattlin and William R. Shupe (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25227" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25227" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-timothy-page-et-al-daniel-cattlin-boiler-rooms-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-xuepeng-xie-layering-2021", "title": "SEC v. Xuepeng Xie (layering, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20599", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10989.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10989.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-09-27", "dateResolved": "2021-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Xuepeng Xie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": 1864787, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 243991, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Xuepeng Xie, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $1.9 million, prejudgment interest of $243,991.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2021 as release 3-20599. The respondents named are Xuepeng Xie (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000, disgorgement of $1.9 million, prejudgment interest of $243,991. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10989.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10989.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-xuepeng-xie-layering-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frantz-simeon-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Frantz Simeon and First Black Enterprises, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25216", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25216", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frantz Simeon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "First Black Enterprises, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Frantz Simeon and First Black Enterprises, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2021 as release LR-25216. The respondents named are Frantz Simeon and First Black Enterprises, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25216" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25216" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frantz-simeon-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-wallace-nall-iii-michael-hale-smith-michael-dwaine-smith-robert-walter", "title": "SEC v. James Wallace Nall, III, Michael Hale Smith, Michael Dwaine Smith, Robert Walter Smith and Walter Vice Tutt (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25213", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25213", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-21", "dateResolved": "2021-09-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Wallace Nall, III, Michael Hale Smith, Michael Dwaine Smith, Robert Walter Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Walter Vice Tutt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 220626, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James Wallace Nall, III, Michael Hale Smith, Michael Dwaine Smith, Robert Walter Smith and Walter Vice Tutt, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $220,626.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2021 as release LR-25213. The respondents named are James Wallace Nall, III, Michael Hale Smith, Michael Dwaine Smith, Robert Walter Smith and Walter Vice Tutt (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $220,626. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25213" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25213" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-wallace-nall-iii-michael-hale-smith-michael-dwaine-smith-robert-walter/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-hawaii-resident-benchmark-submission-rigging-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Former Hawaii Resident (benchmark submission rigging, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8426-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8426-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6361/enfbryantcomplaint091521/download", "dateFiled": "2021-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii", "defendants": [ { "name": "Former Hawaii Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Former Hawaii Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2021 as release 8426-21. The respondents named are Former Hawaii Resident (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii.\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8426-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8426-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6361/enfbryantcomplaint091521/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-hawaii-resident-benchmark-submission-rigging-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-dodd-bullard-angela-romero-bullard-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jason Dodd Bullard, Angela Romero-Bullard, and Bullard Enterprises LLC (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25208", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25208", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Dodd Bullard, Angela Romero-Bullard,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bullard Enterprises LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason Dodd Bullard, Angela Romero-Bullard, and Bullard Enterprises LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2021 as release LR-25208. The respondents named are Jason Dodd Bullard, Angela Romero-Bullard, and Bullard Enterprises LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25208" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25208" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-dodd-bullard-angela-romero-bullard-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ronald-montano-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Ronald Montano (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8425-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8425-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6351/enfmontanoorder091421/download", "dateFiled": "2021-09-15", "dateResolved": "2021-09-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Montano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1675000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Ronald Montano, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.7 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2021 as release 8425-21. The respondents named are Ronald Montano (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8425-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8425-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6351/enfmontanoorder091421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ronald-montano-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-parkinson-lloyd-reverse-merger-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Charles Parkinson Lloyd (reverse merger schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10980", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10980.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10980.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-09-15", "dateResolved": "2021-09-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Parkinson Lloyd", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3150, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charles Parkinson Lloyd, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $3,150.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2021 as release 33-10980. The respondents named are Charles Parkinson Lloyd (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3,150. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10980.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10980.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-parkinson-lloyd-reverse-merger-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-simon-piers-thurlow-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Simon Piers Thurlow, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25207", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25207", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-15", "dateResolved": "2021-09-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Simon Piers Thurlow, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3150, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Simon Piers Thurlow, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $3,150.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2021 as release LR-25207. The respondents named are Simon Piers Thurlow, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3,150. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25207" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25207" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-simon-piers-thurlow-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Texas Resident and others (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8424-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8424-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6346/enfavilacomplaint091421/download", "dateFiled": "2021-09-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Six U.S.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Costa Rican Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Texas Resident, Six U.S. and Costa Rican Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2021 as release 8424-21. The respondents named are Texas Resident, Six U.S. and Costa Rican Companies (3 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8424-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8424-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6346/enfavilacomplaint091421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-resident-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-app-annie-inc-and-bertrand-schmitt-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. App Annie Inc. and Bertrand Schmitt (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92975", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92975.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92975.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-09-14", "dateResolved": "2021-09-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "App Annie Inc. and Bertrand Schmitt", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with App Annie Inc. and Bertrand Schmitt, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2021 as release 34-92975. The respondents named are App Annie Inc. and Bertrand Schmitt (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92975.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92975.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-app-annie-inc-and-bertrand-schmitt-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-ahn-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mark Ahn (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25202", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25202", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-10", "dateResolved": "2021-09-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Ahn", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark Ahn, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2021 as release LR-25202. The respondents named are Mark Ahn (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25202" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25202" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-ahn-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-elliott-hitt-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Todd Elliott Hitt et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25201", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25201", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Elliott Hitt et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 15000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Todd Elliott Hitt et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $15 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2021 as release LR-25201. The respondents named are Todd Elliott Hitt et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $15 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25201" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25201" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-elliott-hitt-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rivetz-corp-rivetz-international-sezc-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Rivetz Corp., Rivetz International SEZC, and Steven K. Sprague (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25198", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25198", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rivetz Corp., Rivetz International SEZC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Steven K. Sprague", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Rivetz Corp., Rivetz International SEZC, and Steven K. Sprague, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2021 as release LR-25198. The respondents named are Rivetz Corp., Rivetz International SEZC, and Steven K. Sprague (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25198" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25198" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rivetz-corp-rivetz-international-sezc-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cavco-industries-inc-joseph-stegmayer-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Cavco Industries, Inc., Joseph Stegmayer, and Daniel Urness, Robert Scott Parkhurst (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25196", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25196", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-03", "dateResolved": "2021-09-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cavco Industries, Inc., Joseph Stegmayer,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel Urness, Robert Scott Parkhurst", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1480000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Cavco Industries, Inc., Joseph Stegmayer, and Daniel Urness, Robert Scott Parkhurst, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2021 as release LR-25196. The respondents named are Cavco Industries, Inc., Joseph Stegmayer, and Daniel Urness, Robert Scott Parkhurst (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25196" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25196" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cavco-industries-inc-joseph-stegmayer-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexander-kon-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Alexander Kon (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25192", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25192", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexander Kon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Alexander Kon, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 1, 2021 as release LR-25192. The respondents named are Alexander Kon (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25192" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25192" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexander-kon-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zeeshawn-s-zia-boiler-rooms-2021", "title": "SEC v. Zeeshawn S. Zia (boiler rooms, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25193", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25193", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-09-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zeeshawn S. Zia", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Zeeshawn S. Zia, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 1, 2021 as release LR-25193. The respondents named are Zeeshawn S. Zia (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25193" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25193" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zeeshawn-s-zia-boiler-rooms-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-fitzgerald-brown-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Steven Fitzgerald Brown (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25190", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25190", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-31", "dateResolved": "2021-08-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Fitzgerald Brown", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2613346, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 65833, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 51, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven Fitzgerald Brown, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $2.6 million, prejudgment interest of $65,833. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 51 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 31, 2021 as release LR-25190. The respondents named are Steven Fitzgerald Brown (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.6 million, prejudgment interest of $65,833. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 51 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25190" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25190" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-fitzgerald-brown-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-beth-mueller-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Beth Mueller (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92801", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92801.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92801.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Beth Mueller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Beth Mueller, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 34-92801. The respondents named are Beth Mueller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92801.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92801.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-beth-mueller-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cambridge-investment-research-inc-and-cambridge-investment-research-advisors", "title": "SEC v. Cambridge Investment Research, Inc. and Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20496", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92806.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92806.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cambridge Investment Research, Inc. and Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cambridge Investment Research, Inc. and Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 3-20496. The respondents named are Cambridge Investment Research, Inc. and Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92806.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92806.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cambridge-investment-research-inc-and-cambridge-investment-research-advisors/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cetera-advisor-networks-llc-spoofing-2021", "title": "SEC v. Cetera Advisor Networks LLC (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20490", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92800.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92800.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cetera Advisor Networks LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cetera Advisor Networks LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 3-20490. The respondents named are Cetera Advisor Networks LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92800.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92800.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cetera-advisor-networks-llc-spoofing-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donald-g-blakstad-et-al-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Donald G. Blakstad, et al. (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25186", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25186", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald G. Blakstad, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Donald G. Blakstad, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release LR-25186. The respondents named are Donald G. Blakstad, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25186" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25186" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donald-g-blakstad-et-al-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kms-financial-services-inc-spoofing-2021", "title": "SEC v. KMS Financial Services, Inc. (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20495", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92807.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92807.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "KMS Financial Services, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with KMS Financial Services, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 3-20495. The respondents named are KMS Financial Services, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92807.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92807.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kms-financial-services-inc-spoofing-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-roger-e-dobrovodsky-unregistered-distributions-2021", "title": "SEC v. Roger E. Dobrovodsky (unregistered distributions, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20493", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10970.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10970.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Roger E. Dobrovodsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": 4924275, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 272366, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Roger E. Dobrovodsky, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $4.9 million, prejudgment interest of $272,366.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 3-20493. The respondents named are Roger E. Dobrovodsky (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $4.9 million, prejudgment interest of $272,366. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10970.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10970.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-roger-e-dobrovodsky-unregistered-distributions-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-and-lisa-chasin-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Scott and Lisa Chasin (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92810", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92810.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92810.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-30", "dateResolved": "2021-08-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott and Lisa Chasin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Scott and Lisa Chasin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2021 as release 34-92810. The respondents named are Scott and Lisa Chasin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92810.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92810.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-and-lisa-chasin-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-glen-galemmo-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Glen Galemmo (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8420-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8420-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6281/enfgalemmoconsentorder081221/download", "dateFiled": "2021-08-27", "dateResolved": "2021-08-27", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio", "defendants": [ { "name": "Glen Galemmo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 188, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Glen Galemmo, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 188 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 27, 2021 as release 8420-21. The respondents named are Glen Galemmo (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 188 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8420-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8420-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6281/enfgalemmoconsentorder081221/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-glen-galemmo-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-b-mchenry-jr-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. William B. McHenry Jr. and First South Investments, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25184", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25184", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William B. McHenry Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "First South Investments, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William B. McHenry Jr. and First South Investments, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 27, 2021 as release LR-25184. The respondents named are William B. McHenry Jr. and First South Investments, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25184" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25184" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-b-mchenry-jr-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-j-woods-livingston-group-asset-management-company-d-b-a-southport-capit", "title": "SEC v. John J. Woods, Livingston Group Asset Management Company d/b/a Southport Capital, and Horizon Private Equity, III, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25181", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25181", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "John J. Woods, Livingston Group Asset Management Company d/b/a Southport Capital,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Horizon Private Equity, III, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John J. Woods, Livingston Group Asset Management Company d/b/a Southport Capital, and Horizon Private Equity, III, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2021 as release LR-25181. The respondents named are John J. Woods, Livingston Group Asset Management Company d/b/a Southport Capital, and Horizon Private Equity, III, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25181" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25181" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-j-woods-livingston-group-asset-management-company-d-b-a-southport-capit/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sung-mo-jun-joon-jun-junwoo-chon-ayden-lee-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Sung Mo Jun, Joon Jun, Junwoo Chon, Ayden Lee, and Jae Hyeon Bae (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25180", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25180", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-25", "dateResolved": "2021-08-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sung Mo Jun, Joon Jun, Junwoo Chon, Ayden Lee,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jae Hyeon Bae", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sung Mo Jun, Joon Jun, Junwoo Chon, Ayden Lee, and Jae Hyeon Bae, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2021 as release LR-25180. The respondents named are Sung Mo Jun, Joon Jun, Junwoo Chon, Ayden Lee, and Jae Hyeon Bae (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25180" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25180" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sung-mo-jun-joon-jun-junwoo-chon-ayden-lee-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-denise-grevas-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Denise Grevas (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25174", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25174", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Denise Grevas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Denise Grevas, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2021 as release LR-25174. The respondents named are Denise Grevas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25174" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25174" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-denise-grevas-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-scott-lawler-esq-matched-orders-2021", "title": "SEC v. William Scott Lawler, Esq. (matched orders, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92707", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92707.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92707.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-18", "dateResolved": "2021-08-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William Scott Lawler, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 186594, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 13602, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William Scott Lawler, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $186,594, prejudgment interest of $13,602.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2021 as release 34-92707. The respondents named are William Scott Lawler, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $186,594, prejudgment interest of $13,602. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92707.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92707.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-scott-lawler-esq-matched-orders-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-panuwat-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Panuwat (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25170", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25170", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Panuwat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Panuwat, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2021 as release LR-25170. The respondents named are Matthew Panuwat (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25170" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25170" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-panuwat-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-murchinson-ltd-naked-short-selling-debate-2021", "title": "SEC v. Murchinson Ltd. and Marc Bistricer and Paul Zogala (naked short selling debate, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92684", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92684.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92684.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-17", "dateResolved": "2021-08-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Murchinson Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Marc Bistricer and Paul Zogala", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1078183, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Murchinson Ltd. and Marc Bistricer and Paul Zogala, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $7 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2021 as release 34-92684. The respondents named are Murchinson Ltd. and Marc Bistricer and Paul Zogala (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92684.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92684.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-murchinson-ltd-naked-short-selling-debate-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lawrence-b-adams-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Lawrence B. Adams (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25169", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25169", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lawrence B. Adams", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lawrence B. Adams, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2021 as release LR-25169. The respondents named are Lawrence B. Adams (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25169" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25169" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lawrence-b-adams-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ahmad-haris-tajyar-marking-the-close-2021", "title": "SEC v. Ahmad Haris Tajyar and Eric Leo Marsoubian (marking the close, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25167", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25167", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-13", "dateResolved": "2021-08-13", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ahmad Haris Tajyar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Eric Leo Marsoubian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close", "matched-orders", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 219604, "disgorgementUsd": 15267, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ahmad Haris Tajyar and Eric Leo Marsoubian, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close, matched orders and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $219,604, disgorgement of $15,267.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2021 as release LR-25167. The respondents named are Ahmad Haris Tajyar and Eric Leo Marsoubian (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, matched orders and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $219,604, disgorgement of $15,267. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25167" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25167" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ahmad-haris-tajyar-marking-the-close-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-martin-adrian-ruiz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Martin Adrian Ruiz et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25165", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25165", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Martin Adrian Ruiz et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Martin Adrian Ruiz et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2021 as release LR-25165. The respondents named are Martin Adrian Ruiz et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25165" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25165" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-martin-adrian-ruiz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mj-capital-funding-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. MJ Capital Funding, LLC, et al, (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25168", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25168", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "MJ Capital Funding, LLC, et al,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against MJ Capital Funding, LLC, et al,, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2021 as release LR-25168. The respondents named are MJ Capital Funding, LLC, et al, (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25168" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25168" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mj-capital-funding-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zorayr-mikael-manukyan-zakaryan-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Zorayr Mikael Manukyan-Zakaryan (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92624", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92624.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92624.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-10", "dateResolved": "2021-08-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zorayr Mikael Manukyan-Zakaryan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 20499, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Zorayr Mikael Manukyan-Zakaryan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2021 as release 34-92624. The respondents named are Zorayr Mikael Manukyan-Zakaryan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92624.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92624.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zorayr-mikael-manukyan-zakaryan-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-leonard-r-barr-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Leonard R. Barr (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25159", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25159", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-09", "dateResolved": "2021-08-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Leonard R. Barr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Leonard R. Barr, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 9, 2021 as release LR-25159. The respondents named are Leonard R. Barr (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25159" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25159" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-leonard-r-barr-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-blockchain-credit-partners-d-b-a-defi-money-market-undisclosed-control-block", "title": "SEC v. Blockchain Credit Partners d/b/a DeFi Money Market and Gregory Keough and Derek Acree (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20453", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10961.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10961.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-08-06", "dateResolved": "2021-08-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Blockchain Credit Partners d/b/a DeFi Money Market", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gregory Keough and Derek Acree", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 12849354, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 258052, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Blockchain Credit Partners d/b/a DeFi Money Market and Gregory Keough and Derek Acree, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $12.8 million, prejudgment interest of $258,052.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2021 as release 3-20453. The respondents named are Blockchain Credit Partners d/b/a DeFi Money Market and Gregory Keough and Derek Acree (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $12.8 million, prejudgment interest of $258,052. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10961.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10961.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-blockchain-credit-partners-d-b-a-defi-money-market-undisclosed-control-block/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-virland-a-johnson-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Virland A. Johnson (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25155", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25155", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-08-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Virland A. Johnson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Virland A. Johnson, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2021 as release LR-25155. The respondents named are Virland A. Johnson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-08-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25155" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25155" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-virland-a-johnson-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-heckler-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. George Heckler (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25151", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25151", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George Heckler", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against George Heckler, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2021 as release LR-25151. The respondents named are George Heckler (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25151" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25151" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-heckler-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alan-l-alexander-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Alan L. Alexander (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92474", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92474.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92474.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-07-23", "dateResolved": "2021-07-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alan L. Alexander", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 5650, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alan L. Alexander, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2021 as release 34-92474. The respondents named are Alan L. Alexander (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92474.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92474.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alan-l-alexander-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charlie-abujudeh-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Charlie Abujudeh (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25147", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25147", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charlie Abujudeh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 9000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Charlie Abujudeh, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2021 as release LR-25147. The respondents named are Charlie Abujudeh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25147" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25147" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charlie-abujudeh-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-outdoor-capital-partners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Outdoor Capital Partners, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25148", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25148", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Outdoor Capital Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Outdoor Capital Partners, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2021 as release LR-25148. The respondents named are Outdoor Capital Partners, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25148" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25148" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-outdoor-capital-partners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-profit-connect-wealth-services-inc-joy-i-kovar-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Profit Connect Wealth Services, Inc., Joy I. Kovar, and Brent C. Kovar (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25144", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25144", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Profit Connect Wealth Services, Inc., Joy I. Kovar,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Brent C. Kovar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Profit Connect Wealth Services, Inc., Joy I. Kovar, and Brent C. Kovar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2021 as release LR-25144. The respondents named are Profit Connect Wealth Services, Inc., Joy I. Kovar, and Brent C. Kovar (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25144" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25144" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-profit-connect-wealth-services-inc-joy-i-kovar-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-blotics-ltd-f-d-b-a-coinschedule-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Blotics Ltd. f/d/b/a Coinschedule Ltd. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10956", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10956.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10956.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-07-14", "dateResolved": "2021-07-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Blotics Ltd. f/d/b/a Coinschedule Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Blotics Ltd. f/d/b/a Coinschedule Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 14, 2021 as release 33-10956. The respondents named are Blotics Ltd. f/d/b/a Coinschedule Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10956.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10956.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-blotics-ltd-f-d-b-a-coinschedule-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chancey-wash-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Chancey and Paul L. Jr., CPA (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20394", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92378.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92378.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-07-13", "dateResolved": "2021-07-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chancey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paul L. Jr., CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Chancey and Paul L. Jr., CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2021 as release 3-20394. The respondents named are Chancey and Paul L. Jr., CPA (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92378.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92378.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chancey-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-mimun-a-k-a-jonathan-maymon-boiler-rooms-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan Mimun a/k/a Jonathan Maymon and Ronn BenHarav (boiler rooms, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25140", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25140", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan Mimun a/k/a Jonathan Maymon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ronn BenHarav", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jonathan Mimun a/k/a Jonathan Maymon and Ronn BenHarav, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2021 as release LR-25140. The respondents named are Jonathan Mimun a/k/a Jonathan Maymon and Ronn BenHarav (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25140" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25140" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-mimun-a-k-a-jonathan-maymon-boiler-rooms-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-contrarian-press-llc-scott-s-fraser-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25131", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25131", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-07-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nathan Yeung", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2021 as release LR-25131. The respondents named are Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25131" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25131" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-contrarian-press-llc-scott-s-fraser-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mounir-n-gad-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mounir N. Gad (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92305", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92305.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92305.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-06-30", "dateResolved": "2021-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mounir N. Gad", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 51700, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mounir N. Gad, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $51,700.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2021 as release 34-92305. The respondents named are Mounir N. Gad (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $51,700. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92305.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92305.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mounir-n-gad-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathan-e-guido-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Nathan E. Guido (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-92306", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92306.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92306.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-06-30", "dateResolved": "2021-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathan E. Guido", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nathan E. Guido, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2021 as release 34-92306. The respondents named are Nathan E. Guido (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92306.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-92306.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathan-e-guido-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-reuben-robert-goldman-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Reuben Robert Goldman and Two Triangle Consulting Group, LLC d/b/a Goldman Small Cap Research (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10953", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10953.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10953.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-06-30", "dateResolved": "2021-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Reuben Robert Goldman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Two Triangle Consulting Group, LLC d/b/a Goldman Small Cap Research", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 39931, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3721, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Reuben Robert Goldman and Two Triangle Consulting Group, LLC d/b/a Goldman Small Cap Research, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $39,931, prejudgment interest of $3,721.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2021 as release 33-10953. The respondents named are Reuben Robert Goldman and Two Triangle Consulting Group, LLC d/b/a Goldman Small Cap Research (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $39,931, prejudgment interest of $3,721. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10953.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/33-10953.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-reuben-robert-goldman-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ron-phillips-matched-orders-2021", "title": "SEC v. Ron Phillips (matched orders, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25129", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25129", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-30", "dateResolved": "2021-06-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ron Phillips", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 30000, "disgorgementUsd": 2305, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ron Phillips, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release records a civil penalty of $30,000, disgorgement of $2,305.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2021 as release LR-25129. The respondents named are Ron Phillips (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $30,000, disgorgement of $2,305. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25129" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25129" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ron-phillips-matched-orders-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-j-skinner-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Matthew J. Skinner, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25127", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25127", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew J. Skinner, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew J. Skinner, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2021 as release LR-25127. The respondents named are Matthew J. Skinner, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25127" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25127" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-j-skinner-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathaniel-brown-benjamin-wylam-naveen-sood-marcus-bannon-matthew-rauch-insid", "title": "SEC v. Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, and Naresh Ramaiya (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25123", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25123", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-25", "dateResolved": "2021-06-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Naresh Ramaiya", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 281497, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, and Naresh Ramaiya, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $281,497. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2021 as release LR-25123. The respondents named are Nathaniel Brown, Benjamin Wylam, Naveen Sood, Marcus Bannon, Matthew Rauch, and Naresh Ramaiya (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $281,497. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25123" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25123" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathaniel-brown-benjamin-wylam-naveen-sood-marcus-bannon-matthew-rauch-insid/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wang-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Wang (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25122", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25122", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-25", "dateResolved": "2021-06-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": 68699, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 13738, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Wang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $68,699, prejudgment interest of $13,738. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2021 as release LR-25122. The respondents named are Wang (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $68,699, prejudgment interest of $13,738. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25122" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25122" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wang-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-miller-fake-press-releases-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Miller (fake press releases, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25118", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25118", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 126000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark A. Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2021 as release LR-25118. The respondents named are Mark A. Miller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25118" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25118" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-miller-fake-press-releases-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-energy-broker-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Former Energy Broker and Its Owner (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8396-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8396-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6091/enfwebbenergyorder061421/download", "dateFiled": "2021-06-15", "dateResolved": "2021-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Former Energy Broker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Owner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 585000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Former Energy Broker and Its Owner, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records disgorgement of $585,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2021 as release 8396-21. The respondents named are Former Energy Broker and Its Owner (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $585,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8396-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8396-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6091/enfwebbenergyorder061421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-energy-broker-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-joseph-armijo-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Robert Joseph Armijo, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25116", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25116", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Joseph Armijo, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert Joseph Armijo, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2021 as release LR-25116. The respondents named are Robert Joseph Armijo, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25116" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25116" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-joseph-armijo-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-zhao-settlement-price-manipulation-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Zhao (spoofing, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8395-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8395-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6066/enfjiongshengzhaoconsentorder060421/download", "dateFiled": "2021-06-11", "dateResolved": "2021-06-11", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zhao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 21000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Zhao, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $21,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2021 as release 8395-21. The respondents named are Zhao (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $21,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8395-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8395-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/6066/enfjiongshengzhaoconsentorder060421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-zhao-settlement-price-manipulation-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-estate-of-kenneth-j-casey-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. The Estate of Kenneth J. Casey (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25106", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25106", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-06-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "The Estate of Kenneth J. Casey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against The Estate of Kenneth J. Casey, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 2, 2021 as release LR-25106. The respondents named are The Estate of Kenneth J. Casey (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25106" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25106" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-estate-of-kenneth-j-casey-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-commodity-pool-operators-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Commodity Pool Operators (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8392-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8392-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5941/enfariathuraiorder052721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-05-27", "dateResolved": "2021-05-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Commodity Pool Operators", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 83333, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago Commodity Pool Operators, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $83,333.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2021 as release 8392-21. The respondents named are Chicago Commodity Pool Operators (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $83,333. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8392-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8392-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5941/enfariathuraiorder052721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5936/enfljmfundscomplaint052721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-commodity-pool-operators-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mohammed-a-bari-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Mohammed A. Bari (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25099", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25099", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-05-27", "dateResolved": "2021-05-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mohammed A. Bari", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mohammed A. Bari, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2021 as release LR-25099. The respondents named are Mohammed A. Bari (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25099" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25099" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mohammed-a-bari-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kai-christian-petersen-et-al-boiler-rooms-2021", "title": "SEC v. Kai Christian Petersen, et al. (boiler rooms, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25098", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25098", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-05-25", "dateResolved": "2021-05-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kai Christian Petersen, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 200296, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kai Christian Petersen, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $200,296.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 25, 2021 as release LR-25098. The respondents named are Kai Christian Petersen, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $200,296. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25098" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25098" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kai-christian-petersen-et-al-boiler-rooms-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-btig-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2021", "title": "SEC v. BTIG, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25092", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25092", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-05-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BTIG, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against BTIG, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 20, 2021 as release LR-25092. The respondents named are BTIG, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25092" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25092" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-btig-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lfs-funding-limited-partnership-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021", "title": "SEC v. LFS Funding Limited Partnership, et al. (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25093", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25093", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-05-20", "dateResolved": "2021-05-20", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "LFS Funding Limited Partnership, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with LFS Funding Limited Partnership, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 20, 2021 as release LR-25093. The respondents named are LFS Funding Limited Partnership, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25093" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25093" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lfs-funding-limited-partnership-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-connecticut-firm-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Connecticut Firm (wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8389-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8389-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5901/enfsummerhavenorder051821/download", "dateFiled": "2021-05-18", "dateResolved": "2021-05-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Connecticut Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Connecticut Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 18, 2021 as release 8389-21. The respondents named are Connecticut Firm (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8389-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8389-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5901/enfsummerhavenorder051821/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-connecticut-firm-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-cipolla-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Cipolla (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8388-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8388-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5896/enfcipollaconsentorder051021/download", "dateFiled": "2021-05-14", "dateResolved": "2021-05-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cipolla", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 121, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Cipolla, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 121 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2021 as release 8388-21. The respondents named are Cipolla (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 121 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8388-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8388-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5896/enfcipollaconsentorder051021/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-cipolla-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-j-decaprio-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021", "title": "SEC v. Peter J. Decaprio (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5732", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5732.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5732.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-05-10", "dateResolved": "2021-05-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter J. Decaprio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Peter J. Decaprio, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 10, 2021 as release IA-5732. The respondents named are Peter J. Decaprio (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5732.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5732.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-j-decaprio-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-n-osegueda-et-al-pump-and-dump-2021", "title": "SEC v. David N. Osegueda, et al. (pump and dump, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25087", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25087", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-05-07", "dateResolved": "2021-05-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "David N. Osegueda, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 781868, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David N. Osegueda, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $400,000, prejudgment interest of $781,868.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 7, 2021 as release LR-25087. The respondents named are David N. Osegueda, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400,000, prejudgment interest of $781,868. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-05-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25087" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25087" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-n-osegueda-et-al-pump-and-dump-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-aaron-michael-scott-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Aaron Michael Scott (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8384-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8384-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5876/enfscottconsentorder121720/download", "dateFiled": "2021-04-27", "dateResolved": "2021-04-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Aaron Michael Scott", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Aaron Michael Scott, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.3 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 27, 2021 as release 8384-21. The respondents named are Aaron Michael Scott (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8384-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8384-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5876/enfscottconsentorder121720/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-aaron-michael-scott-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-p-maroney-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan P. Maroney, Et. Al (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25082", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25082", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan P. Maroney, Et. Al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jonathan P. Maroney, Et. Al, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 27, 2021 as release LR-25082. The respondents named are Jonathan P. Maroney, Et. Al (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25082" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25082" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-p-maroney-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-altieri-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Gregory Altieri (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25080", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25080", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-23", "dateResolved": "2021-04-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory Altieri", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gregory Altieri, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2021 as release LR-25080. The respondents named are Gregory Altieri (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25080" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25080" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-altieri-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amit-tandon-esq-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Amit Tandon, Esq. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-91628", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-91628.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-91628.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-04-22", "dateResolved": "2021-04-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Amit Tandon, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Amit Tandon, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2021 as release 34-91628. The respondents named are Amit Tandon, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-91628.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/34-91628.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amit-tandon-esq-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ubong-uboh-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Ubong Uboh and Tyler Crockett (pump and dump, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25075", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25075", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ubong Uboh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Tyler Crockett", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ubong Uboh and Tyler Crockett, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2021 as release LR-25075. The respondents named are Ubong Uboh and Tyler Crockett (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25075" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25075" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ubong-uboh-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Edward J. Kosinski (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25077", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25077", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-21", "dateResolved": "2021-04-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward J. Kosinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 6, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward J. Kosinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 6 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 21, 2021 as release LR-25077. The respondents named are Edward J. Kosinski (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 6 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25077" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25077" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Morrie Tobin et al. (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25072", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25072", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-19", "dateResolved": "2021-04-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Morrie Tobin et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 165000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Morrie Tobin et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 19, 2021 as release LR-25072. The respondents named are Morrie Tobin et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25072" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25072" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8377-21-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8377-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8377-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5846/%20enfsaffronjudgment032921/download", "dateFiled": "2021-04-08", "dateResolved": "2021-04-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 32000000, "disgorgementUsd": 15815967, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $32 million, disgorgement of $15.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2021 as release 8377-21. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $32 million, disgorgement of $15.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8377-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8377-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5846/%20enfsaffronjudgment032921/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5841/enfsaffronfinaljudgment032921/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5851/enfsaffronorder060520/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8377-21-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-douglas-lien-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Douglas Lien (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8376-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8376-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5866/enfdouglaslienorder040721/download", "dateFiled": "2021-04-08", "dateResolved": "2021-04-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico", "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas Lien", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5195679, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Douglas Lien, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.2 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2021 as release 8376-21. The respondents named are Douglas Lien (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8376-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8376-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5866/enfdouglaslienorder040721/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-douglas-lien-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-j-horwitz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Zachary J. Horwitz, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25067", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25067", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-04-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary J. Horwitz, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Zachary J. Horwitz, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 8, 2021 as release LR-25067. The respondents named are Zachary J. Horwitz, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-04-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25067" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25067" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-j-horwitz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-fuel-oil-trader-price-manipulation-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Former Fuel Oil Trader (price manipulation, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8370-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8370-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5806/enfemilioherediacolladoorder032521/download", "dateFiled": "2021-03-25", "dateResolved": "2021-03-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Former Fuel Oil Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Former Fuel Oil Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 25, 2021 as release 8370-21. The respondents named are Former Fuel Oil Trader (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8370-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8370-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5806/enfemilioherediacolladoorder032521/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-fuel-oil-trader-price-manipulation-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-p-wootten-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jason P. Wootten, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25059", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25059", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-03-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason P. Wootten, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason P. Wootten, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2021 as release LR-25059. The respondents named are Jason P. Wootten, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25059" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25059" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-p-wootten-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-coinbase-inc-exchange-wash-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Coinbase Inc. (exchange wash trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8369-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8369-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5796/enfcoinbaseorder031921/download", "dateFiled": "2021-03-19", "dateResolved": "2021-03-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Coinbase Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "exchange-wash-trading", "matched-orders", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "Coinbase", "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 6500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Coinbase Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as exchange wash trading, matched orders and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $6.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 19, 2021 as release 8369-21. The respondents named are Coinbase Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as exchange wash trading, matched orders and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities and futures, with CME, Coinbase, NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8369-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8369-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5796/enfcoinbaseorder031921/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-coinbase-inc-exchange-wash-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/exchange-wash-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-seth-p-levine-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Seth P. Levine (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25054", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25054", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-03-19", "dateResolved": "2021-03-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Seth P. Levine", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Seth P. Levine, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 19, 2021 as release LR-25054. The respondents named are Seth P. Levine (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25054" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25054" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-seth-p-levine-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shawn-c-cutting-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Shawn C. Cutting (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25046", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25046", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-03-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Idaho", "defendants": [ { "name": "Shawn C. Cutting", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Shawn C. Cutting, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2021 as release LR-25046. The respondents named are Shawn C. Cutting (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Idaho.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25046" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25046" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shawn-c-cutting-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-two-individuals-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Two Individuals (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8366-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8366-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5741/enfjohndavidmcafeecomplaint030521%20/download", "dateFiled": "2021-03-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Two Individuals", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Two Individuals, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 5, 2021 as release 8366-21. The respondents named are Two Individuals (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-05", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8366-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8366-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5741/enfjohndavidmcafeecomplaint030521%20/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-two-individuals-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-at-t-inc-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2021", "title": "SEC v. AT&T, Inc., et al. (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25045", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-03-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "AT&T, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against AT&T, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 5, 2021 as release LR-25045. The respondents named are AT&T, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25045" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-at-t-inc-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-earthsource-minerals-international-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. EarthSource Minerals International, LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25040", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25040", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-03-02", "dateResolved": "2021-03-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "EarthSource Minerals International, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 340005, "penaltyUsd": 125000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with EarthSource Minerals International, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $125,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2021 as release LR-25040. The respondents named are EarthSource Minerals International, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $125,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25040" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25040" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-earthsource-minerals-international-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2021", "title": "SEC v. Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc. and Joshua Tyrell (paid stock promotion, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25034", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25034", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-02-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joshua Tyrell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc. and Joshua Tyrell, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2021 as release LR-25034. The respondents named are Bruce Schoengood, Medifirst Solutions, Inc. and Joshua Tyrell (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25034" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25034" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bruce-schoengood-medifirst-solutions-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-eibschutz-insider-trading-2021", "title": "CFTC v. Eibschutz (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8364-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8364-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5671/enfroneibschutzconsentorder021921/download", "dateFiled": "2021-02-23", "dateResolved": "2021-02-23", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eibschutz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Eibschutz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 23, 2021 as release 8364-21. The respondents named are Eibschutz (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8364-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8364-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5671/enfroneibschutzconsentorder021921/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-eibschutz-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-t-booth-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. James T. Booth (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25033", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25033", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-02-22", "dateResolved": "2021-02-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "James T. Booth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 42, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James T. Booth, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 42 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 22, 2021 as release LR-25033. The respondents named are James T. Booth (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 42 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25033" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25033" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-t-booth-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-isaiah-l-goodman-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Isaiah L. Goodman (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25026", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25026", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-02-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Isaiah L. Goodman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Isaiah L. Goodman, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2021 as release LR-25026. The respondents named are Isaiah L. Goodman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25026" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25026" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-isaiah-l-goodman-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rosedale-asset-management-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021", "title": "SEC v. Rosedale Asset Management, LLC and Princeton Advisory Wealth Management, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5680", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5680.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5680.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-02-05", "dateResolved": "2021-02-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rosedale Asset Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Princeton Advisory Wealth Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rosedale Asset Management, LLC and Princeton Advisory Wealth Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2021 as release IA-5680. The respondents named are Rosedale Asset Management, LLC and Princeton Advisory Wealth Management, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5680.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5680.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rosedale-asset-management-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cr-intrinsic-investors-et-al-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. CR Intrinsic Investors, et al. (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25022", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25022", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-02-03", "dateResolved": "2021-02-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "CR Intrinsic Investors, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 601000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": 108, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against CR Intrinsic Investors, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $601 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 3, 2021 as release LR-25022. The respondents named are CR Intrinsic Investors, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $601 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-02-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25022" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25022" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cr-intrinsic-investors-et-al-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vuuzle-media-corp-ronald-shane-flynn-boiler-rooms-2021", "title": "SEC v. Vuuzle Media Corp., Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto (boiler rooms, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25017", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25017", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-01-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vuuzle Media Corp., Ronald Shane Flynn,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Richard Marchitto", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Vuuzle Media Corp., Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2021 as release LR-25017. The respondents named are Vuuzle Media Corp., Ronald Shane Flynn, and Richard Marchitto (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25017" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25017" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vuuzle-media-corp-ronald-shane-flynn-boiler-rooms-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-man-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "CFTC v. New York Man (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8356-21", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8356-21", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5606/enfjeremyspencecomplaint012621/download", "dateFiled": "2021-01-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New York Man, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 26, 2021 as release 8356-21. The respondents named are New York Man (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8356-21" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8356-21" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5606/enfjeremyspencecomplaint012621/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-man-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-andrew-stack-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021", "title": "SEC v. William Andrew Stack, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25013", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25013", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-01-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William Andrew Stack, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William Andrew Stack, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2021 as release LR-25013. The respondents named are William Andrew Stack, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25013" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25013" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-andrew-stack-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-abhi-batra-a-k-a-abhimanyu-batra-free-riding-and-parking-2021", "title": "SEC v. Abhi Batra a/k/a Abhimanyu Batra (free riding and parking, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25012", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25012", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Abhi Batra a/k/a Abhimanyu Batra", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Abhi Batra a/k/a Abhimanyu Batra, alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2021 as release LR-25012. The respondents named are Abhi Batra a/k/a Abhimanyu Batra (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25012" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25012" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-abhi-batra-a-k-a-abhimanyu-batra-free-riding-and-parking-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jacob-c-glick-ponzi-schemes-2021", "title": "SEC v. Jacob C. Glick (ponzi schemes, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25011", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25011", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2021-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jacob C. Glick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jacob C. Glick, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2021 as release LR-25011. The respondents named are Jacob C. Glick (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25011" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25011" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jacob-c-glick-ponzi-schemes-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-advance-practice-advisors-llc-and-paul-c-spitzer-insider-trading-2021", "title": "SEC v. Advance Practice Advisors, LLC and Paul C. Spitzer (insider trading, 2021)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5670", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5670.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5670.pdf", "dateFiled": "2021-01-14", "dateResolved": "2021-01-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Advance Practice Advisors, LLC and Paul C. Spitzer", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Advance Practice Advisors, LLC and Paul C. Spitzer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2021 as release IA-5670. The respondents named are Advance Practice Advisors, LLC and Paul C. Spitzer (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-01-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5670.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2021/ia-5670.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-advance-practice-advisors-llc-and-paul-c-spitzer-insider-trading-2021/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deandre-p-sears-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. DeAndre P. Sears et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25002", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25002", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-31", "dateResolved": "2020-12-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "DeAndre P. Sears et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with DeAndre P. Sears et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 31, 2020 as release LR-25002. The respondents named are DeAndre P. Sears et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25002" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25002" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deandre-p-sears-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-thompson-jr-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Thompson, Jr., et al. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25001", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25001", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-30", "dateResolved": "2020-12-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Thompson, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 624882, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 137381, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Anthony Thompson, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $624,882, prejudgment interest of $137,381.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 30, 2020 as release LR-25001. The respondents named are Anthony Thompson, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $624,882, prejudgment interest of $137,381. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25001" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25001" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-thompson-jr-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-altieri-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Gregory Altieri (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-25000", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25000", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory Altieri", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gregory Altieri, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 30, 2020 as release LR-25000. The respondents named are Gregory Altieri (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25000" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25000" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-altieri-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-peltz-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jason Peltz (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24998", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24998", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Peltz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason Peltz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 29, 2020 as release LR-24998. The respondents named are Jason Peltz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24998" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24998" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-peltz-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-mark-n-pyatt-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Mark N. Pyatt (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8344-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8344-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5546/enfwinstonconsentorder122120/download", "dateFiled": "2020-12-22", "dateResolved": "2020-12-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark N. Pyatt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 255000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 37, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Mark N. Pyatt, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $255,000. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 37 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2020 as release 8344-20. The respondents named are Mark N. Pyatt (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $255,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 37 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8344-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8344-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5546/enfwinstonconsentorder122120/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-mark-n-pyatt-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cormark-securities-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. Cormark Securities Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90740", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90740.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90740.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-12-21", "dateResolved": "2020-12-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cormark Securities Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cormark Securities Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2020 as release 34-90740. The respondents named are Cormark Securities Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90740.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90740.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cormark-securities-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-itg-canada-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu ITG Canada Corp. (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90741", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90741.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90741.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-12-21", "dateResolved": "2020-12-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ITG Canada Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Virtu ITG Canada Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu ITG Canada Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2020 as release 34-90741. The respondents named are ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu ITG Canada Corp. (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90741.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90741.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-itg-canada-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barton-s-ross-false-rumors-2020", "title": "SEC v. Barton S. Ross (false rumors, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24989", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24989", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-18", "dateResolved": "2020-12-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barton S. Ross", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "false-rumors" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Barton S. Ross, alleging conduct this library classifies as false rumors. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2020 as release LR-24989. The respondents named are Barton S. Ross (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as false rumors, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24989" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24989" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barton-s-ross-false-rumors-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/false-rumors/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-laksha-bohra-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Laksha Bohra (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90696.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90696.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-12-17", "dateResolved": "2020-12-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Laksha Bohra", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Laksha Bohra, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2020 as release 3-20172. The respondents named are Laksha Bohra (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90696.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90696.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-laksha-bohra-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mancera-wash-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Mancera (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20173", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90699.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90699.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-12-17", "dateResolved": "2020-12-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mancera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mancera, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2020 as release 3-20173. The respondents named are Mancera (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90699.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90699.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mancera-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-phillips-esq-matched-orders-2020", "title": "SEC v. Ronald Phillips, Esq. (matched orders, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90715", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90715.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90715.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-12-17", "dateResolved": "2020-12-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald Phillips, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ronald Phillips, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2020 as release 34-90715. The respondents named are Ronald Phillips, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90715.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90715.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-phillips-esq-matched-orders-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-roland-m-mathys-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Roland M. Mathys (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24984", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24984", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Roland M. Mathys", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 9889369, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Roland M. Mathys, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $9.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 15, 2020 as release LR-24984. The respondents named are Roland M. Mathys (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $9.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24984" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24984" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-roland-m-mathys-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-clark-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Clark and William Wright (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24982", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24982", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Clark", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William Wright", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher Clark and William Wright, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 11, 2020 as release LR-24982. The respondents named are Christopher Clark and William Wright (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24982" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24982" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-clark-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-jeremy-barbera-carl-smith-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. J. Jeremy Barbera, Carl Smith, and Nanobeak Biotech Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24978", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24978", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-09", "dateResolved": "2020-12-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "J. Jeremy Barbera, Carl Smith,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nanobeak Biotech Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against J. Jeremy Barbera, Carl Smith, and Nanobeak Biotech Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2020 as release LR-24978. The respondents named are J. Jeremy Barbera, Carl Smith, and Nanobeak Biotech Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24978" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24978" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-jeremy-barbera-carl-smith-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-vitol-inc-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Vitol Inc. (price manipulation, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8326-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8326-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5346/enfvitolorder120320/download", "dateFiled": "2020-12-03", "dateResolved": "2020-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vitol Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 95700000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Vitol Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $95.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2020 as release 8326-20. The respondents named are Vitol Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $95.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8326-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8326-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5346/enfvitolorder120320/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-vitol-inc-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8323-20-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8323-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8323-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5321/DOE_FY2020_AnnualReport_120120/download", "dateFiled": "2020-12-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2020 as release 8323-20. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8323-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8323-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5321/DOE_FY2020_AnnualReport_120120/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8323-20-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-alan-lisser-a-k-a-mark-alan-a-k-a-mark-allen-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24972", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24972", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-12-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2020 as release LR-24972. The respondents named are Mark Alan Lisser a/k/a Mark Alan a/k/a Mark Allen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-12-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24972" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24972" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-alan-lisser-a-k-a-mark-alan-a-k-a-mark-allen-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-garrett-m-o-rourke-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24971", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24971", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-11-30", "dateResolved": "2020-11-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Garrett M. O'Rourke", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael J. Black", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5763719, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $5.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 30, 2020 as release LR-24971. The respondents named are Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24971" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24971" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-garrett-m-o-rourke-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rumbaugh-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Rumbaugh et al (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24969", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24969", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-11-24", "dateResolved": "2020-11-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rumbaugh et al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 676000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 137808, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rumbaugh et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $676,000, prejudgment interest of $137,808.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 24, 2020 as release LR-24969. The respondents named are Rumbaugh et al (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $676,000, prejudgment interest of $137,808. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24969" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24969" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rumbaugh-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-american-portfolios-financial-services-inc-and-american-portfolios-advisors-", "title": "SEC v. American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc. and American Portfolios Advisors, Inc. (churning, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20151", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90411.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90411.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-11-13", "dateResolved": "2020-11-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc. and American Portfolios Advisors, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2588, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc. and American Portfolios Advisors, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $2,588.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 13, 2020 as release 3-20151. The respondents named are American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc. and American Portfolios Advisors, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2,588. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90411.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90411.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-american-portfolios-financial-services-inc-and-american-portfolios-advisors-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Douglas A. Roth (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24961", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24961", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-11-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas A. Roth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Douglas A. Roth, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2020 as release LR-24961. The respondents named are Douglas A. Roth (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24961" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24961" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-a-roth-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ieremenko-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Ieremenko et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24956", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24956", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-11-05", "dateResolved": "2020-11-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ieremenko et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 175000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ieremenko et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $175,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 5, 2020 as release LR-24956. The respondents named are Ieremenko et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $175,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24956" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24956" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ieremenko-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-pires-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Pires (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90360", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90360.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90360.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-11-05", "dateResolved": "2020-11-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Pires", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 18570, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael J. Pires, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $18,570.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 5, 2020 as release 34-90360. The respondents named are Michael J. Pires (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $18,570. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90360.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90360.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-pires-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8304-20-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8304-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8304-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5246/enfventurecapitaldefaultjudgmentorder1102020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-11-04", "dateResolved": "2020-11-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 450302, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $450,302.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2020 as release 8304-20. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $450,302. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8304-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8304-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/5246/enfventurecapitaldefaultjudgmentorder1102020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8304-20-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-terrence-chalk-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Terrence Chalk, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24954", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24954", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-11-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Terrence Chalk, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Terrence Chalk, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 3, 2020 as release LR-24954. The respondents named are Terrence Chalk, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-11-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24954" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24954" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-terrence-chalk-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alex-forester-michael-hicks-yarden-krampf-christopher-lee-sean-o-neal-michae", "title": "SEC v. Alex Forester, Michael Hicks, Yarden Krampf, Christopher Lee, Sean O'Neal, Michael Raynor, and Lee Sobel (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24952", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24952", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alex Forester, Michael Hicks, Yarden Krampf, Christopher Lee, Sean O'Neal, Michael Raynor,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lee Sobel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Alex Forester, Michael Hicks, Yarden Krampf, Christopher Lee, Sean O'Neal, Michael Raynor, and Lee Sobel, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2020 as release LR-24952. The respondents named are Alex Forester, Michael Hicks, Yarden Krampf, Christopher Lee, Sean O'Neal, Michael Raynor, and Lee Sobel (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24952" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24952" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alex-forester-michael-hicks-yarden-krampf-christopher-lee-sean-o-neal-michae/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mustafa-david-sayid-esq-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Mustafa David Sayid, Esq. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90258", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90258.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90258.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-10-22", "dateResolved": "2020-10-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mustafa David Sayid, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mustafa David Sayid, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $25,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2020 as release 34-90258. The respondents named are Mustafa David Sayid, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90258.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90258.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mustafa-david-sayid-esq-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-horton-smith-sr-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Paul Horton Smith, Sr. and others (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24950", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24950", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-22", "dateResolved": "2020-10-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul Horton Smith, Sr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Northstar Communications, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Planning Services, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and eGate, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4238400, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 383059, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Paul Horton Smith, Sr., Northstar Communications, LLC, Planning Services, Inc. and and eGate, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $4.2 million, prejudgment interest of $383,059. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2020 as release LR-24950. The respondents named are Paul Horton Smith, Sr., Northstar Communications, LLC, Planning Services, Inc. and and eGate, LLC (1 individual, 3 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.2 million, prejudgment interest of $383,059. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24950" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24950" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-horton-smith-sr-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-reynolds-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Reynolds and Norman T., Esq. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90259", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90259.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90259.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-10-22", "dateResolved": "2020-10-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Reynolds", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Norman T., Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Reynolds and Norman T., Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2020 as release 34-90259. The respondents named are Reynolds and Norman T., Esq. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90259.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90259.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-reynolds-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jillian-sidoti-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jillian Sidoti (undisclosed control blocks, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24949", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24949", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jillian Sidoti", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 35000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jillian Sidoti, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 19, 2020 as release LR-24949. The respondents named are Jillian Sidoti (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24949" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24949" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jillian-sidoti-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rudden-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Rudden, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24946", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24946", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-16", "dateResolved": "2020-10-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rudden, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6511721, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rudden, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $6.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 16, 2020 as release LR-24946. The respondents named are Rudden, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24946" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24946" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rudden-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andeavor-llc-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Andeavor LLC (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20125", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90208.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90208.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-10-15", "dateResolved": "2020-10-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andeavor LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Andeavor LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2020 as release 3-20125. The respondents named are Andeavor LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90208.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90208.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andeavor-llc-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8285-20-wash-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8285-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8285-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4946/%20enfszatmariorder081320/download", "dateFiled": "2020-10-13", "dateResolved": "2020-10-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3800000, "penaltyUsd": 5700000, "disgorgementUsd": 1900000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $5.7 million, disgorgement of $1.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 13, 2020 as release 8285-20. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.7 million, disgorgement of $1.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8285-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8285-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4946/%20enfszatmariorder081320/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4941/enfszatmaridefaultjudgment072820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8285-20-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexander-rowland-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Alexander Rowland (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24944", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24944", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexander Rowland", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Alexander Rowland, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 13, 2020 as release LR-24944. The respondents named are Alexander Rowland (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24944" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24944" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexander-rowland-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8274-20-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8274-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8274-20", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 6, 2020 as release 8274-20. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8274-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8274-20" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8274-20-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mcafee-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. McAfee et al. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24941", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24941", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-10-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "McAfee et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against McAfee et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 6, 2020 as release LR-24941. The respondents named are McAfee et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-10-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24941" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24941" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mcafee-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-prop-firm-and-3-traders-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Prop Firm and 3 Traders (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8265-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8265-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4846/enfbrendandelovitchorder093020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": "2020-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Prop Firm and 3 Traders", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME", "COMEX", "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago Prop Firm and 3 Traders, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release 8265-20. The respondents named are Chicago Prop Firm and 3 Traders (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CBOT, CME, COMEX, ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8265-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8265-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4846/enfbrendandelovitchorder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4851/%20%20enfwesleyjohnsonorder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4856/enfrajeevkansalorder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4861/enfarbtradinggrouporder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-prop-firm-and-3-traders-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sunoco-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Sunoco (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8267-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8267-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4866/enfsunocoorder093020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": "2020-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sunoco", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 450000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Sunoco, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $450,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release 8267-20. The respondents named are Sunoco (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $450,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8267-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8267-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4866/enfsunocoorder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sunoco-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-man-wash-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Texas Man (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8266-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8266-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4871/enfmschultzorder093020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": "2020-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 669750, "disgorgementUsd": 427067, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Texas Man, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $669,750, disgorgement of $427,067. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release 8266-20. The respondents named are Texas Man (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $669,750, disgorgement of $427,067. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8266-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8266-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4871/enfmschultzorder093020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-man-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-drew-morgan-ciccarelli-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Drew Morgan Ciccarelli (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24940", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24940", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Drew Morgan Ciccarelli", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Drew Morgan Ciccarelli, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release LR-24940. The respondents named are Drew Morgan Ciccarelli (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24940" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24940" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-drew-morgan-ciccarelli-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-stohlman-et-al-matched-orders-2020", "title": "SEC v. Joel Stohlman, et al. (matched orders, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24935", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24935", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel Stohlman, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joel Stohlman, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release LR-24935. The respondents named are Joel Stohlman, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24935" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24935" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-stohlman-et-al-matched-orders-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-staisil-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Michael Staisil (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24933", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24933", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Staisil", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Staisil, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release LR-24933. The respondents named are Michael Staisil (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24933" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24933" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-staisil-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90046", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90046.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90046.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": "2020-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release 34-90046. The respondents named are Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90046.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90046.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-j-gity-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Thomas J. Gity, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24930", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24930", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas J. Gity, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Thomas J. Gity, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release LR-24930. The respondents named are Thomas J. Gity, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24930" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24930" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-j-gity-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-w-mixon-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Todd W. Mixon (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24931", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24931", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd W. Mixon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Todd W. Mixon, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2020 as release LR-24931. The respondents named are Todd W. Mixon (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24931" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24931" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-w-mixon-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jpmorgan-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. JPMorgan (price manipulation, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8260-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8260-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4826/enfjpmorganchaseorder092920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-29", "dateResolved": "2020-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "JPMorgan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against JPMorgan, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2020 as release 8260-20. The respondents named are JPMorgan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8260-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8260-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4826/enfjpmorganchaseorder092920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jpmorgan-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-jersey-firm-wash-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. New Jersey Firm (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8263-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8263-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4836/enfgaincapitalorder092920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-29", "dateResolved": "2020-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New Jersey Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against New Jersey Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $300,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2020 as release 8263-20. The respondents named are New Jersey Firm (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8263-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8263-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4836/enfgaincapitalorder092920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-jersey-firm-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-slovakian-men-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Slovakian Men and Their Company (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8261-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8261-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4831/enfromancomplaint092920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Slovakian Men", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Their Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Slovakian Men and Their Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2020 as release 8261-20. The respondents named are Slovakian Men and Their Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8261-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8261-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4831/enfromancomplaint092920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-slovakian-men-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-p-morgan-securities-llc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-20094", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10858.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10858.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "J.P. Morgan Securities LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "layering", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes, layering and spoofing. The release records disgorgement of $10 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2020 as release 3-20094. The respondents named are J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes, layering and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10858.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10858.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-p-morgan-securities-llc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lewis-i-wallach-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Lewis I. Wallach (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24928", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24928", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-29", "dateResolved": "2020-09-29", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lewis I. Wallach", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lewis I. Wallach, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2020 as release LR-24928. The respondents named are Lewis I. Wallach (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24928" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24928" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lewis-i-wallach-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-firm-and-its-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. New York Firm and its Trader (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8259-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8259-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4816/enfdoninoorder092820/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-28", "dateResolved": "2020-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Firm and its Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 135000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against New York Firm and its Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $135,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2020 as release 8259-20. The respondents named are New York Firm and its Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CBOT, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $135,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8259-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8259-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4816/enfdoninoorder092820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4811/enffnyorder092820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-firm-and-its-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-laksha-bohra-viky-bohra-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Laksha Bohra, Viky Bohra, and Gotham Bohra (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24923", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24923", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-28", "dateResolved": "2020-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Laksha Bohra, Viky Bohra,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gotham Bohra", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1400000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1428094, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 118406, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Laksha Bohra, Viky Bohra, and Gotham Bohra, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $118,406. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2020 as release LR-24923. The respondents named are Laksha Bohra, Viky Bohra, and Gotham Bohra (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $118,406. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24923" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24923" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-laksha-bohra-viky-bohra-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-d-bachinski-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Christopher D. Bachinski (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90015", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90015.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90015.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-25", "dateResolved": "2020-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher D. Bachinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 13153, "penaltyUsd": 23094, "disgorgementUsd": 13153, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Christopher D. Bachinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $23,094, disgorgement of $13,153.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2020 as release 34-90015. The respondents named are Christopher D. Bachinski (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $23,094, disgorgement of $13,153. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90015.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90015.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-d-bachinski-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-m-hill-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Eric M. Hill (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24919", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24919", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric M. Hill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eric M. Hill, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2020 as release LR-24919. The respondents named are Eric M. Hill (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24919" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24919" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-m-hill-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rachelle-a-thatcher-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Rachelle A. Thatcher (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-90016", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90016.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90016.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-25", "dateResolved": "2020-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rachelle A. Thatcher", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 11610, "penaltyUsd": 11610, "disgorgementUsd": 9941, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rachelle A. Thatcher, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $11,610, disgorgement of $9,941.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2020 as release 34-90016. The respondents named are Rachelle A. Thatcher (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $11,610, disgorgement of $9,941. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90016.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-90016.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rachelle-a-thatcher-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-a-zabala-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Craig A. Zabala (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24913", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24913", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig A. Zabala", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Craig A. Zabala, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2020 as release LR-24913. The respondents named are Craig A. Zabala (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24913" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24913" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-a-zabala-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-t-kelly-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Edward T. Kelly (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24912", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24912", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-23", "dateResolved": "2020-09-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward T. Kelly", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward T. Kelly, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2020 as release LR-24912. The respondents named are Edward T. Kelly (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24912" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24912" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-t-kelly-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-powertraderspress-com-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. PowerTradersPress.com, Inc., et al. (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24906", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24906", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-21", "dateResolved": "2020-09-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "PowerTradersPress.com, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 136373, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against PowerTradersPress.com, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $136,373. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2020 as release LR-24906. The respondents named are PowerTradersPress.com, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $136,373. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24906" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24906" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-powertraderspress-com-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-hoddes-jacobs-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Robert Hoddes Jacobs (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24908", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24908", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-21", "dateResolved": "2020-09-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Hoddes Jacobs", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 157095, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Hoddes Jacobs, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $157,095.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2020 as release LR-24908. The respondents named are Robert Hoddes Jacobs (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $157,095. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24908" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24908" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-hoddes-jacobs-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-allen-fries-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Scott Allen Fries (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24902", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24902", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott Allen Fries", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Scott Allen Fries, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2020 as release LR-24902. The respondents named are Scott Allen Fries (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24902" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24902" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-allen-fries-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Steven J. Sheinfeld (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24903", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24903", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven J. Sheinfeld", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Steven J. Sheinfeld, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2020 as release LR-24903. The respondents named are Steven J. Sheinfeld (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24903" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24903" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-j-sheinfeld-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-4-florida-men-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. 4 Florida Men (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8246-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8246-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4681/enfadvantagecomplaint090920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "4 Florida Men", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against 4 Florida Men, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2020 as release 8246-20. The respondents named are 4 Florida Men (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8246-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8246-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4681/enfadvantagecomplaint090920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4686/enfadvantageorder091620/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/8146/enfhighrisecomplaint020421/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-4-florida-men-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-henry-sargent-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020", "title": "SEC v. Henry Sargent et al. (undisclosed control blocks, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24900", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24900", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-16", "dateResolved": "2020-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Henry Sargent et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Henry Sargent et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2020 as release LR-24900. The respondents named are Henry Sargent et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24900" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24900" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-henry-sargent-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-edge-financial-technologies-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Edge Financial Technologies (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8243-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8243-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4661/enfedgefinancialconsentorder091420/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-15", "dateResolved": "2020-09-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edge Financial Technologies", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 48400, "disgorgementUsd": 24200, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Edge Financial Technologies, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $48,400, disgorgement of $24,200. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2020 as release 8243-20. The respondents named are Edge Financial Technologies (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $48,400, disgorgement of $24,200. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8243-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8243-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4661/enfedgefinancialconsentorder091420/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-edge-financial-technologies-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-unikrn-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Unikrn, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10841", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10841.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10841.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-15", "dateResolved": "2020-09-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Unikrn, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Unikrn, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2020 as release 33-10841. The respondents named are Unikrn, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10841.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10841.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-unikrn-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-walsh-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Walsh (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8238-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8238-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4641/enfwgtradingorder082420/download", "dateFiled": "2020-09-11", "dateResolved": "2020-09-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Walsh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Walsh, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2020 as release 8238-20. The respondents named are Walsh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8238-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8238-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4641/enfwgtradingorder082420/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-walsh-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-p-moyes-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Craig P. Moyes (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89816", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89816.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89816.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-10", "dateResolved": "2020-09-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig P. Moyes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 116192, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Craig P. Moyes, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $116,192.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2020 as release 34-89816. The respondents named are Craig P. Moyes (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $116,192. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89816.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89816.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-p-moyes-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-m-kirsch-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Richard M. Kirsch and Adam Terris (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24892", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24892", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-10", "dateResolved": "2020-09-10", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard M. Kirsch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Adam Terris", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1057392, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Richard M. Kirsch and Adam Terris, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2020 as release LR-24892. The respondents named are Richard M. Kirsch and Adam Terris (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24892" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24892" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-m-kirsch-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-covalent-collective-inc-unregistered-distributions-2020", "title": "SEC v. Covalent Collective, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10833", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10833.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10833.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-03", "dateResolved": "2020-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Covalent Collective, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Covalent Collective, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2020 as release 33-10833. The respondents named are Covalent Collective, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10833.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10833.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-covalent-collective-inc-unregistered-distributions-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-dichiara-reverse-merger-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Peter DiChiara (reverse merger schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24884", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24884", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-03", "dateResolved": "2020-09-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter DiChiara", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 165000000, "penaltyUsd": 40000, "disgorgementUsd": 15000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2167, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Peter DiChiara, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $40,000, disgorgement of $15,000, prejudgment interest of $2,167. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2020 as release LR-24884. The respondents named are Peter DiChiara (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $40,000, disgorgement of $15,000, prejudgment interest of $2,167. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24884" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24884" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-dichiara-reverse-merger-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-phillip-w-conley-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Phillip W. Conley (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24885", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24885", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Phillip W. Conley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Phillip W. Conley, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2020 as release LR-24885. The respondents named are Phillip W. Conley (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24885" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24885" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-phillip-w-conley-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-fitzgerald-brown-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Steven Fitzgerald Brown (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24888", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24888", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-09-03", "dateResolved": "2020-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Fitzgerald Brown", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven Fitzgerald Brown, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2020 as release LR-24888. The respondents named are Steven Fitzgerald Brown (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24888" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24888" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-fitzgerald-brown-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yue-li-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Yue Li (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89757", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89757.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89757.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-09-03", "dateResolved": "2020-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yue Li", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Yue Li, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2020 as release 34-89757. The respondents named are Yue Li (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-09-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89757.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89757.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yue-li-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-multiple-individuals-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Multiple Individuals and Entities (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8226-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8226-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4446/enfdenniscomplaint082820/download", "dateFiled": "2020-08-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Maryland", "defendants": [ { "name": "Multiple Individuals", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Entities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Multiple Individuals and Entities, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2020 as release 8226-20. The respondents named are Multiple Individuals and Entities (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Maryland.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8226-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8226-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4446/enfdenniscomplaint082820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-multiple-individuals-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sepehr-sarshar-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Sepehr Sarshar (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24876", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24876", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sepehr Sarshar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sepehr Sarshar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2020 as release LR-24876. The respondents named are Sepehr Sarshar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24876" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24876" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sepehr-sarshar-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. The Bank of Nova Scotia (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8221-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8221-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4411/enfbankofnovascotiaspoofingorder081920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-08-19", "dateResolved": "2020-08-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bank of Nova Scotia", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 17000000, "disgorgementUsd": 11828912, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against The Bank of Nova Scotia, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $17 million, disgorgement of $11.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 19, 2020 as release 8221-20. The respondents named are The Bank of Nova Scotia (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $17 million, disgorgement of $11.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8221-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8221-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4411/enfbankofnovascotiaspoofingorder081920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4421/enfbankofnovascotiafalsestatementsorder081920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. The Bank of Nova Scotia (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8220-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8220-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4411/enfbankofnovascotiaspoofingorder081920/download", "dateFiled": "2020-08-19", "dateResolved": "2020-08-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bank of Nova Scotia", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000000, "disgorgementUsd": 11828912, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against The Bank of Nova Scotia, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $50 million, disgorgement of $11.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 19, 2020 as release 8220-20. The respondents named are The Bank of Nova Scotia (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50 million, disgorgement of $11.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8220-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8220-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4411/enfbankofnovascotiaspoofingorder081920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4421/enfbankofnovascotiafalsestatementsorder081920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4416/enfbankofnovascotiacomplianceorder081920/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/10526/enfbankofnovascotiaddendum040124/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-milan-k-patel-esq-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Milan K. Patel, Esq. (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89568", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89568.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89568.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-08-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Milan K. Patel, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Milan K. Patel, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 14, 2020 as release 34-89568. The respondents named are Milan K. Patel, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89568.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89568.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-milan-k-patel-esq-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dale-tenhulzen-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Dale Tenhulzen et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24866", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24866", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-13", "dateResolved": "2020-08-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dale Tenhulzen et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dale Tenhulzen et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2020 as release LR-24866. The respondents named are Dale Tenhulzen et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24866" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24866" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dale-tenhulzen-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kelvin-boon-llc-and-rajesh-pavithran-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020", "title": "SEC v. Kelvin Boon, LLC and Rajesh Pavithran (undisclosed control blocks, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19913", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10817.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10817.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-08-13", "dateResolved": "2020-08-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kelvin Boon, LLC and Rajesh Pavithran", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Coinbase" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 600335, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kelvin Boon, LLC and Rajesh Pavithran, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $5 million, prejudgment interest of $600,335.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2020 as release 3-19913. The respondents named are Kelvin Boon, LLC and Rajesh Pavithran (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with Coinbase identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5 million, prejudgment interest of $600,335. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10817.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10817.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kelvin-boon-llc-and-rajesh-pavithran-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-r-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Sean R. Stewart et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24867", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24867", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-13", "dateResolved": "2020-08-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean R. Stewart et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sean R. Stewart et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2020 as release LR-24867. The respondents named are Sean R. Stewart et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24867" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24867" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-r-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vu-anh-nguyen-et-al-free-riding-and-parking-2020", "title": "SEC v. Vu Anh Nguyen, et al. (free riding and parking, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24864", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24864", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-11", "dateResolved": "2020-08-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vu Anh Nguyen, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "free-riding-and-parking" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vu Anh Nguyen, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as free riding and parking. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2020 as release LR-24864. The respondents named are Vu Anh Nguyen, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as free riding and parking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24864" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24864" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vu-anh-nguyen-et-al-free-riding-and-parking-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/free-riding-and-parking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicholas-mejia-scrivener-layering-2020", "title": "SEC v. Nicholas Mejia Scrivener (layering, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89517", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89517.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89517.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-08-10", "dateResolved": "2020-08-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicholas Mejia Scrivener", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": 140250, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15020, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nicholas Mejia Scrivener, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $140,250, prejudgment interest of $15,020.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2020 as release 34-89517. The respondents named are Nicholas Mejia Scrivener (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $140,250, prejudgment interest of $15,020. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89517.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89517.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicholas-mejia-scrivener-layering-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jack-brewer-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jack Brewer (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24863", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24863", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jack Brewer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jack Brewer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2020 as release LR-24863. The respondents named are Jack Brewer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24863" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24863" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jack-brewer-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-nymex-insider-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. NYMEX (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8216-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8216-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4366/enfbyrnesconsentorder080320/download", "dateFiled": "2020-08-04", "dateResolved": "2020-08-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "NYMEX", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with NYMEX, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 4, 2020 as release 8216-20. The respondents named are NYMEX (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8216-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8216-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4366/enfbyrnesconsentorder080320/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-nymex-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-victor-lee-farias-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Victor Lee Farias and Integrity Aviation & Leasing, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24861", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24861", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-08-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Victor Lee Farias", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Integrity Aviation & Leasing, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Victor Lee Farias and Integrity Aviation & Leasing, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 4, 2020 as release LR-24861. The respondents named are Victor Lee Farias and Integrity Aviation & Leasing, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-08-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24861" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24861" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-victor-lee-farias-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mustafa-david-sayid-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Mustafa David Sayid (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24858", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24858", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-07-29", "dateResolved": "2020-07-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mustafa David Sayid", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 160000, "disgorgementUsd": 25000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6899, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mustafa David Sayid, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $160,000, disgorgement of $25,000, prejudgment interest of $6,899.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2020 as release LR-24858. The respondents named are Mustafa David Sayid (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $160,000, disgorgement of $25,000, prejudgment interest of $6,899. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24858" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24858" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mustafa-david-sayid-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-celadon-financial-group-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. Celadon Financial Group LLC (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89404", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89404.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89404.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-27", "dateResolved": "2020-07-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Celadon Financial Group LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Celadon Financial Group LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 27, 2020 as release 34-89404. The respondents named are Celadon Financial Group LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89404.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89404.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-celadon-financial-group-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Harold L. Altvater (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24855", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24855", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-07-24", "dateResolved": "2020-07-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold L. Altvater", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 112569, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Harold L. Altvater, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $112,569. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 24, 2020 as release LR-24855. The respondents named are Harold L. Altvater (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $112,569. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24855" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24855" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-irth-communications-llc-and-andrew-haag-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. IRTH Communications, LLC and Andrew Haag (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10805", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10805.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10805.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-22", "dateResolved": "2020-07-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "IRTH Communications, LLC and Andrew Haag", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 35000, "disgorgementUsd": 35000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with IRTH Communications, LLC and Andrew Haag, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $35,000, disgorgement of $35,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2020 as release 33-10805. The respondents named are IRTH Communications, LLC and Andrew Haag (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $35,000, disgorgement of $35,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10805.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10805.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-irth-communications-llc-and-andrew-haag-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edmond-leung-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Edmond Leung (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89352", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89352.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89352.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-21", "dateResolved": "2020-07-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edmond Leung", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 69566, "disgorgementUsd": 2863, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Edmond Leung, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $69,566, disgorgement of $2,863.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2020 as release 34-89352. The respondents named are Edmond Leung (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $69,566, disgorgement of $2,863. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89352.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89352.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edmond-leung-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-zhang-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Zhang (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89350", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89350.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89350.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-21", "dateResolved": "2020-07-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Zhang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 66703, "disgorgementUsd": 66703, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5573, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Zhang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $66,703, disgorgement of $66,703, prejudgment interest of $5,573.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 21, 2020 as release 34-89350. The respondents named are Joseph Zhang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $66,703, disgorgement of $66,703, prejudgment interest of $5,573. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89350.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89350.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-zhang-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-abetterfinancialplan-com-llc-unregistered-distributions-2020", "title": "SEC v. Abetterfinancialplan.Com, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19878", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10802.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10802.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-14", "dateResolved": "2020-07-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Abetterfinancialplan.Com, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 489491, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Abetterfinancialplan.Com, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $489,491.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 14, 2020 as release 3-19878. The respondents named are Abetterfinancialplan.Com, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $489,491. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10802.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10802.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-abetterfinancialplan-com-llc-unregistered-distributions-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-plutus-financial-inc-d-b-a-abra-and-plutus-technologies-philippines-corp-pai", "title": "SEC v. Plutus Financial Inc. d/b/a Abra and Plutus Technologies Philippines Corp. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19873", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10801.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10801.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-13", "dateResolved": "2020-07-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Plutus Financial Inc. d/b/a Abra and Plutus Technologies Philippines Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Plutus Financial Inc. d/b/a Abra and Plutus Technologies Philippines Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2020 as release 3-19873. The respondents named are Plutus Financial Inc. d/b/a Abra and Plutus Technologies Philippines Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10801.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10801.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-plutus-financial-inc-d-b-a-abra-and-plutus-technologies-philippines-corp-pai/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. California and Colorado Residents (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8197-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8197-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4156/%20enfsuissegroupcomplaint061520/download", "dateFiled": "2020-07-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "California", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Colorado Residents", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against California and Colorado Residents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2020 as release 8197-20. The respondents named are California and Colorado Residents (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8197-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8197-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4156/%20enfsuissegroupcomplaint061520/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4161/enfsuissegrouporder070220/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-illinois-resident-wash-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Illinois Resident and Broker (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8194-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8194-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4141/enfmillerorder070620/download", "dateFiled": "2020-07-06", "dateResolved": "2020-07-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Illinois Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Broker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Illinois Resident and Broker, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2020 as release 8194-20. The respondents named are Illinois Resident and Broker (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8194-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8194-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4141/enfmillerorder070620/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4136/enfforemostorder070620/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-illinois-resident-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ralph-c-greaves-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Ralph C. Greaves, Esq. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89221", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89221.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89221.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-07-06", "dateResolved": "2020-07-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ralph C. Greaves, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ralph C. Greaves, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2020 as release 34-89221. The respondents named are Ralph C. Greaves, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-07-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89221.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89221.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ralph-c-greaves-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michelle-dipp-reverse-merger-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Michelle Dipp (reverse merger schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19843", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10794.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10794.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-30", "dateResolved": "2020-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michelle Dipp", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 8360, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michelle Dipp, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $8,360.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2020 as release 3-19843. The respondents named are Michelle Dipp (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $8,360. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10794.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10794.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michelle-dipp-reverse-merger-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bnp-paribas-securities-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. BNP Paribas Securities Corp. (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89177", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89177.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89177.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-29", "dateResolved": "2020-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BNP Paribas Securities Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with BNP Paribas Securities Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2020 as release 34-89177. The respondents named are BNP Paribas Securities Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89177.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89177.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bnp-paribas-securities-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dandan-wu-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Dandan Wu (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89178", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89178.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89178.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-29", "dateResolved": "2020-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dandan Wu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 41906, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dandan Wu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $41,906.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2020 as release 34-89178. The respondents named are Dandan Wu (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $41,906. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89178.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89178.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dandan-wu-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-h-lahr-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Todd H. Lahr, Esq. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89139", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89139.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89139.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-24", "dateResolved": "2020-06-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd H. Lahr, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Todd H. Lahr, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2020 as release 34-89139. The respondents named are Todd H. Lahr, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89139.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89139.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-h-lahr-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-lahr-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24843", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24843", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-06-24", "dateResolved": "2020-06-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Lahr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Thomas Megas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 976879, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 179888, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $179,888. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2020 as release LR-24843. The respondents named are Todd Lahr and Thomas Megas (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $179,888. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24843" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24843" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-lahr-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-ledvina-esq-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Ledvina, Esq. (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89111", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89111.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89111.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Ledvina, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Matthew Ledvina, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 22, 2020 as release 34-89111. The respondents named are Matthew Ledvina, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89111.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89111.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-ledvina-esq-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8185-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8185-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4036/enfdeutscheconsentorder061720/download", "dateFiled": "2020-06-18", "dateResolved": "2020-06-18", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 9000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2020 as release 8185-20. The respondents named are Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8185-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8185-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4036/enfdeutscheconsentorder061720/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/4026/enfdeutschebanksecuritiesorder061820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diane-j-harrison-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020", "title": "SEC v. Diane J. Harrison, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-89094", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89094.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89094.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-18", "dateResolved": "2020-06-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Diane J. Harrison, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Diane J. Harrison, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2020 as release 34-89094. The respondents named are Diane J. Harrison, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89094.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89094.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diane-j-harrison-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gomes-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020", "title": "SEC v. Gomes et al. (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24839", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24839", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-06-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gomes et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 25000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gomes et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2020 as release LR-24839. The respondents named are Gomes et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24839" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24839" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gomes-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-neil-burkholz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Neil Burkholz, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24836", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24836", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-06-15", "dateResolved": "2020-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Neil Burkholz, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 258821, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Neil Burkholz, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $258,821.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2020 as release LR-24836. The respondents named are Neil Burkholz, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $258,821. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24836" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24836" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-neil-burkholz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-unregistered-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Unregistered Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8180-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8180-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3986/enflighthousecomplaint061020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-06-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Unregistered Commodity Pool Operator", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Chief Executive Officer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Unregistered Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2020 as release 8180-20. The respondents named are Unregistered Commodity Pool Operator and Its Chief Executive Officer (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8180-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8180-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3986/enflighthousecomplaint061020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-unregistered-commodity-pool-operator-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-c-nielsen-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jason C. Nielsen (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24832", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24832", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-06-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason C. Nielsen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason C. Nielsen, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 10, 2020 as release LR-24832. The respondents named are Jason C. Nielsen (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24832" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24832" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-c-nielsen-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-f-putnam-jean-paul-ramirez-rico-angel-a-rodriguez-mmt-distribution-ll", "title": "SEC v. Daniel F. Putnam, Jean Paul Ramirez Rico, Angel A. Rodriguez, MMT Distribution, LLC, R & D Global (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24829", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24829", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-06-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel F. Putnam, Jean Paul Ramirez Rico, Angel A. Rodriguez, MMT Distribution, LLC, R & D Global", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Daniel F. Putnam, Jean Paul Ramirez Rico, Angel A. Rodriguez, MMT Distribution, LLC, R & D Global, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2020 as release LR-24829. The respondents named are Daniel F. Putnam, Jean Paul Ramirez Rico, Angel A. Rodriguez, MMT Distribution, LLC, R & D Global (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24829" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24829" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-f-putnam-jean-paul-ramirez-rico-angel-a-rodriguez-mmt-distribution-ll/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jana-faith-kiena-cpa-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jana Faith Kiena, CPA (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19824", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89023.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89023.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-06-05", "dateResolved": "2020-06-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jana Faith Kiena, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 124614, "disgorgementUsd": 249228, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jana Faith Kiena, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $124,614, disgorgement of $249,228.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2020 as release 3-19824. The respondents named are Jana Faith Kiena, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $124,614, disgorgement of $249,228. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89023.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-89023.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jana-faith-kiena-cpa-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-kentucky-man-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Kentucky Man (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8170-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8170-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3931/enfwilliamevanscomplaint052820/download", "dateFiled": "2020-06-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kentucky Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Kentucky Man, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 2, 2020 as release 8170-20. The respondents named are Kentucky Man (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-06-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8170-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8170-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3931/enfwilliamevanscomplaint052820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-kentucky-man-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bitclave-pte-ltd-unregistered-distributions-2020", "title": "SEC v. BitClave PTE Ltd. (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10788", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10788.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10788.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-05-28", "dateResolved": "2020-05-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BitClave PTE Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000, "disgorgementUsd": 25500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with BitClave PTE Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $400,000, disgorgement of $25.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 28, 2020 as release 33-10788. The respondents named are BitClave PTE Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400,000, disgorgement of $25.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10788.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10788.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bitclave-pte-ltd-unregistered-distributions-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ares-management-llc-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Ares Management LLC (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5510", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5510.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5510.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-05-26", "dateResolved": "2020-05-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ares Management LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ares Management LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 26, 2020 as release IA-5510. The respondents named are Ares Management LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5510.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5510.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ares-management-llc-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-ewer-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Paul Ewer (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88936", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88936.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88936.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-05-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul Ewer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Paul Ewer, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2020 as release 34-88936. The respondents named are Paul Ewer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88936.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88936.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-ewer-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-gilbert-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Robert Gilbert (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88937", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88937.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88937.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-05-22", "dateResolved": "2020-05-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Gilbert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Gilbert, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2020 as release 34-88937. The respondents named are Robert Gilbert (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88937.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88937.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-gilbert-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-danish-man-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Danish Man (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8164-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8164-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3881/enfmikkelsencomplaint051820/download", "dateFiled": "2020-05-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Danish Man", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Danish Man, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 18, 2020 as release 8164-20. The respondents named are Danish Man (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8164-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8164-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3881/enfmikkelsencomplaint051820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-danish-man-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-turbo-global-partners-inc-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Turbo Global Partners, Inc. and Robert W. Singerman (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24820", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24820", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-05-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Turbo Global Partners, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert W. Singerman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Turbo Global Partners, Inc. and Robert W. Singerman, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2020 as release LR-24820. The respondents named are Turbo Global Partners, Inc. and Robert W. Singerman (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24820" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24820" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-turbo-global-partners-inc-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-clinton-maurice-tucker-ii-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Clinton Maurice Tucker II (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24814", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24814", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Clinton Maurice Tucker II", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Clinton Maurice Tucker II, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2020 as release LR-24814. The respondents named are Clinton Maurice Tucker II (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24814" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24814" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-clinton-maurice-tucker-ii-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trader-wash-trading-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Trader and His Firm (wash trading, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8161-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8161-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3841/enfinvestmentmanagementorder050720/download", "dateFiled": "2020-05-07", "dateResolved": "2020-05-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Trader and His Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 7, 2020 as release 8161-20. The respondents named are Trader and His Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8161-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8161-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3841/enfinvestmentmanagementorder050720/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trader-wash-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-damon-elliott-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Damon Elliott, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24813", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24813", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-05-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Damon Elliott, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Damon Elliott, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2020 as release LR-24813. The respondents named are Damon Elliott, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24813" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24813" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-damon-elliott-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zhuobin-hong-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Zhuobin Hong, et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24810", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24810", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-05-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zhuobin Hong, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 8500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Zhuobin Hong, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 5, 2020 as release LR-24810. The respondents named are Zhuobin Hong, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-05-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24810" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24810" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zhuobin-hong-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-american-bondholders-foundation-llc-and-jonna-bianco-unregistered-distributi", "title": "SEC v. American Bondholders Foundation, LLC and Jonna Bianco (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10779", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10779.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10779.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-04-30", "dateResolved": "2020-04-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "American Bondholders Foundation, LLC and Jonna Bianco", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 65000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with American Bondholders Foundation, LLC and Jonna Bianco, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $65,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2020 as release 33-10779. The respondents named are American Bondholders Foundation, LLC and Jonna Bianco (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $65,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10779.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10779.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-american-bondholders-foundation-llc-and-jonna-bianco-unregistered-distributi/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wei-duan-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Wei Duan (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19778", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10778.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10778.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-04-30", "dateResolved": "2020-04-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wei Duan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 60006, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wei Duan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $60,006.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2020 as release 3-19778. The respondents named are Wei Duan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $60,006. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10778.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10778.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wei-duan-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aequitas-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Aequitas Management, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24805", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24805", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-04-24", "dateResolved": "2020-04-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Oregon", "defendants": [ { "name": "Aequitas Management, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 625000, "disgorgementUsd": 453000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Aequitas Management, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $625,000, disgorgement of $453 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2020 as release LR-24805. The respondents named are Aequitas Management, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Oregon.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $625,000, disgorgement of $453 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24805" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24805" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aequitas-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-biltmore-international-corporation-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. Biltmore International Corporation (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88744", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88744.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88744.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-04-24", "dateResolved": "2020-04-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Biltmore International Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Biltmore International Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2020 as release 34-88744. The respondents named are Biltmore International Corporation (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88744.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88744.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-biltmore-international-corporation-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-g-klein-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey G. Klein (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88747", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88747.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88747.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-04-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey G. Klein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jeffrey G. Klein, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2020 as release 34-88747. The respondents named are Jeffrey G. Klein (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88747.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88747.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-g-klein-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-r-bekkedam-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Barry R. Bekkedam (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24801", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24801", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-04-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry R. Bekkedam", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 150000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Barry R. Bekkedam, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2020 as release LR-24801. The respondents named are Barry R. Bekkedam (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24801" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24801" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-r-bekkedam-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amir-waldman-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Amir Waldman, et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24799", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24799", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-04-17", "dateResolved": "2020-04-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Amir Waldman, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Amir Waldman, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2020 as release LR-24799. The respondents named are Amir Waldman, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24799" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24799" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amir-waldman-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-robert-sodi-cpa-newsletter-scalping-2020", "title": "SEC v. Brian Robert Sodi, CPA (newsletter scalping, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19756", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88686.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88686.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-04-17", "dateResolved": "2020-04-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Robert Sodi, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Robert Sodi, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2020 as release 3-19756. The respondents named are Brian Robert Sodi, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-04-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88686.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88686.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-robert-sodi-cpa-newsletter-scalping-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-cohen-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Bryan Cohen and George Nikas (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24784", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24784", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-30", "dateResolved": "2020-03-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan Cohen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "George Nikas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bryan Cohen and George Nikas, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 30, 2020 as release LR-24784. The respondents named are Bryan Cohen and George Nikas (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24784" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24784" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-cohen-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-kirkland-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Kirkland (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88498", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88498.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88498.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-03-27", "dateResolved": "2020-03-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Kirkland", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 23140, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Benjamin Kirkland, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $23,140.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2020 as release 34-88498. The respondents named are Benjamin Kirkland (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $23,140. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88498.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88498.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-kirkland-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-m-mahan-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. David M. Mahan (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24782", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24782", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-26", "dateResolved": "2020-03-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David M. Mahan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 87277, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 12107, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David M. Mahan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $87,277, prejudgment interest of $12,107.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 26, 2020 as release LR-24782. The respondents named are David M. Mahan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $87,277, prejudgment interest of $12,107. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24782" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24782" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-m-mahan-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kendricks-et-al-hamed-a-ettu-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Kendricks, et al., Hamed A. Ettu (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24776", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24776", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-23", "dateResolved": "2020-03-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kendricks, et al., Hamed A. Ettu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1188075, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kendricks, et al., Hamed A. Ettu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2020 as release LR-24776. The respondents named are Kendricks, et al., Hamed A. Ettu (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24776" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24776" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kendricks-et-al-hamed-a-ettu-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-o-hirsch-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Scott O. Hirsch and Kenneth L. Friedman (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24772", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24772", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-19", "dateResolved": "2020-03-19", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott O. Hirsch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kenneth L. Friedman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 74536, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 9585, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Scott O. Hirsch and Kenneth L. Friedman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $74,536, prejudgment interest of $9,585.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 19, 2020 as release LR-24772. The respondents named are Scott O. Hirsch and Kenneth L. Friedman (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $74,536, prejudgment interest of $9,585. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24772" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24772" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-o-hirsch-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-denis-georgiyevich-sotnikov-et-al-spoofing-2020", "title": "SEC v. Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al. (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24770", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24770", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2020 as release LR-24770. The respondents named are Denis Georgiyevich Sotnikov, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24770" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24770" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-denis-georgiyevich-sotnikov-et-al-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stacey-beane-justin-deckert-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Stacey Beane, Justin Deckert and Travis Laska (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24769", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24769", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-13", "dateResolved": "2020-03-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stacey Beane, Justin Deckert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Travis Laska", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 30000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Stacey Beane, Justin Deckert and Travis Laska, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $30,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2020 as release LR-24769. The respondents named are Stacey Beane, Justin Deckert and Travis Laska (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $30,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24769" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24769" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stacey-beane-justin-deckert-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bma-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020", "title": "SEC v. BMA Securities, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88371", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88371.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88371.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-03-12", "dateResolved": "2020-03-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BMA Securities, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 10049, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with BMA Securities, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records prejudgment interest of $10,049.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 12, 2020 as release 34-88371. The respondents named are BMA Securities, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $10,049. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88371.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88371.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bma-securities-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-g-dreslin-cpa-reverse-merger-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. David G. Dreslin, CPA (reverse merger schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19729", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88377.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88377.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-03-12", "dateResolved": "2020-03-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David G. Dreslin, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 183438, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David G. Dreslin, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $183,438.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 12, 2020 as release 3-19729. The respondents named are David G. Dreslin, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $183,438. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88377.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88377.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-g-dreslin-cpa-reverse-merger-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-honig-et-al-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Barry Honig, et al. (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24765", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24765", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-11", "dateResolved": "2020-03-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry Honig, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 27000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Barry Honig, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2020 as release LR-24765. The respondents named are Barry Honig, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24765" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24765" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-honig-et-al-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todays-growth-consultant-inc-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Todays Growth Consultant Inc. and Kenneth D. Courtright, III (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24760", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24760", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Todays Growth Consultant Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kenneth D. Courtright, III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Todays Growth Consultant Inc. and Kenneth D. Courtright, III, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2020 as release LR-24760. The respondents named are Todays Growth Consultant Inc. and Kenneth D. Courtright, III (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24760" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24760" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todays-growth-consultant-inc-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tomer-feingold-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24761", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24761", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tomer Feingold", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dov Malnik", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 4000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2020 as release LR-24761. The respondents named are Tomer Feingold and Dov Malnik (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24761" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24761" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tomer-feingold-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brook-church-koegel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Brook Church-Koegel, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24759", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24759", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-03-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brook Church-Koegel, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brook Church-Koegel, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 5, 2020 as release LR-24759. The respondents named are Brook Church-Koegel, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-03-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24759" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24759" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brook-church-koegel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bradley-davis-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Bradley Davis (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24750", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24750", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bradley Davis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bradley Davis, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2020 as release LR-24750. The respondents named are Bradley Davis (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24750" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24750" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bradley-davis-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shawn-severson-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Shawn Severson (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10761", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10761.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10761.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-02-28", "dateResolved": "2020-02-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shawn Severson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3500, "disgorgementUsd": 5300, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Shawn Severson, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $3,500, disgorgement of $5,300.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2020 as release 33-10761. The respondents named are Shawn Severson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3,500, disgorgement of $5,300. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10761.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10761.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shawn-severson-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-seagal-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Steven Seagal (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10760", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10760.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10760.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-02-27", "dateResolved": "2020-02-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Seagal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 157000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven Seagal, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $157,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 27, 2020 as release 33-10760. The respondents named are Steven Seagal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $157,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10760.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10760.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-seagal-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-f-kerwin-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Charles F. Kerwin (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88274", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88274.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88274.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-02-24", "dateResolved": "2020-02-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles F. Kerwin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 47430, "disgorgementUsd": 94861, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charles F. Kerwin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $47,430, disgorgement of $94,861.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2020 as release 34-88274. The respondents named are Charles F. Kerwin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $47,430, disgorgement of $94,861. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88274.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88274.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-f-kerwin-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kit-mun-chan-lau-kean-chong-chong-poui-fan-binji-lu-matched-orders-2020", "title": "SEC v. Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong (matched orders, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24746", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24746", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-21", "dateResolved": "2020-02-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Youn Chien Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 151957, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release records disgorgement of $151,957.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 21, 2020 as release LR-24746. The respondents named are Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $151,957. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24746" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24746" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kit-mun-chan-lau-kean-chong-chong-poui-fan-binji-lu-matched-orders-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-investment-firm-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Investment Firm and VP (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8120-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8120-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3451/enfwinstonreedcomplaint021020/download", "dateFiled": "2020-02-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Investment Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "VP", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Investment Firm and VP, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2020 as release 8120-20. The respondents named are Investment Firm and VP (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8120-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8120-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3451/enfwinstonreedcomplaint021020/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-investment-firm-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jon-l-aronson-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jon L. Aronson and Elliet N. Aronson (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24742", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24742", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-20", "dateResolved": "2020-02-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jon L. Aronson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Elliet N. Aronson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 20310, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2100, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jon L. Aronson and Elliet N. Aronson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $20,310, prejudgment interest of $2,100.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2020 as release LR-24742. The respondents named are Jon L. Aronson and Elliet N. Aronson (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $20,310, prejudgment interest of $2,100. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24742" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24742" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jon-l-aronson-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-lee-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2020", "title": "SEC v. Richard Lee, et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24743", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24743", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-20", "dateResolved": "2020-02-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Lee, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard Lee, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2020 as release LR-24743. The respondents named are Richard Lee, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24743" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24743" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-lee-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-equialt-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. EquiAlt LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24740", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24740", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "EquiAlt LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against EquiAlt LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 18, 2020 as release LR-24740. The respondents named are EquiAlt LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24740" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24740" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-equialt-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-colorado-resident-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Colorado Resident (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8118-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8118-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3436/%20enfventureclarkcomplaint021420/download", "dateFiled": "2020-02-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Colorado Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Colorado Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 14, 2020 as release 8118-20. The respondents named are Colorado Resident (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8118-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8118-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3436/%20enfventureclarkcomplaint021420/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-colorado-resident-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-a-celello-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Marc A. Celello, Esq. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-88205", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88205.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88205.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-02-13", "dateResolved": "2020-02-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc A. Celello, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marc A. Celello, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2020 as release 34-88205. The respondents named are Marc A. Celello, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88205.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-88205.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-a-celello-esq-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charlie-jinan-chen-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Charlie Jinan Chen and Shui Foon Mok (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24733", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24733", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-02-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charlie Jinan Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shui Foon Mok", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Charlie Jinan Chen and Shui Foon Mok, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2020 as release LR-24733. The respondents named are Charlie Jinan Chen and Shui Foon Mok (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24733" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24733" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charlie-jinan-chen-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cannell-capital-llc-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Cannell Capital, LLC (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5441", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5441.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5441.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-02-04", "dateResolved": "2020-02-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cannell Capital, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cannell Capital, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 4, 2020 as release IA-5441. The respondents named are Cannell Capital, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-02-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5441.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/ia-5441.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cannell-capital-llc-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bill-tsai-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Bill Tsai (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24732", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24732", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-31", "dateResolved": "2020-01-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bill Tsai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bill Tsai, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 31, 2020 as release LR-24732. The respondents named are Bill Tsai (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities and options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24732" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24732" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bill-tsai-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24729", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24729", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-31", "dateResolved": "2020-01-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 29000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 151131, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $29 million, prejudgment interest of $151,131.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 31, 2020 as release LR-24729. The respondents named are DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $29 million, prejudgment interest of $151,131. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24729" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24729" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-douglas-billings-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Michael Douglas Billings and MDB Group, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24731", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24731", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-31", "dateResolved": "2020-01-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Douglas Billings", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MDB Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael Douglas Billings and MDB Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 31, 2020 as release LR-24731. The respondents named are Michael Douglas Billings and MDB Group, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24731" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24731" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-douglas-billings-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-e-matthes-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Edward E. Matthes (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24726", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24726", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-28", "dateResolved": "2020-01-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward E. Matthes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward E. Matthes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 28, 2020 as release LR-24726. The respondents named are Edward E. Matthes (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24726" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24726" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-e-matthes-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-aubel-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. David Aubel and Robert Raffa (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24725", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24725", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-27", "dateResolved": "2020-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Aubel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Raffa", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 242553, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David Aubel and Robert Raffa, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $242,553.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2020 as release LR-24725. The respondents named are David Aubel and Robert Raffa (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $242,553. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24725" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24725" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-aubel-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-p-carpoff-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey P. Carpoff and Paulette Carpoff (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24724", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24724", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-24", "dateResolved": "2020-01-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey P. Carpoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paulette Carpoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeffrey P. Carpoff and Paulette Carpoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2020 as release LR-24724. The respondents named are Jeffrey P. Carpoff and Paulette Carpoff (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24724" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24724" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-p-carpoff-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-l-bunker-esq-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin L. Bunker, Esq. (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19668", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10748.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10748.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-01-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin L. Bunker, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1800, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Benjamin L. Bunker, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump, reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $1,800.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2020 as release 3-19668. The respondents named are Benjamin L. Bunker, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1,800. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10748.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10748.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-l-bunker-esq-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-australian-company-settlement-price-manipulation-2020", "title": "CFTC v. Australian Company (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8105-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8105-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3326/%20enfpropexorder012120/download", "dateFiled": "2020-01-21", "dateResolved": "2020-01-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Australian Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 462271, "disgorgementUsd": 73429, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Australian Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $462,271, disgorgement of $73,429. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2020 as release 8105-20. The respondents named are Australian Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $462,271, disgorgement of $73,429. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8105-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8105-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3326/%20enfpropexorder012120/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-australian-company-settlement-price-manipulation-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-guy-scott-griffithe-robert-william-russell-renewable-technologies-solution-i", "title": "SEC v. Guy Scott Griffithe, Robert William Russell, Renewable Technologies Solution, Inc., Green Acres Pharms, LLC, and others (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24722", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24722", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Guy Scott Griffithe, Robert William Russell, Renewable Technologies Solution, Inc., Green Acres Pharms, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "SMRB, Defendants,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sonja Marie Russell, Relief Defendant", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Guy Scott Griffithe, Robert William Russell, Renewable Technologies Solution, Inc., Green Acres Pharms, LLC,, SMRB, Defendants, and Sonja Marie Russell, Relief Defendant, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2020 as release LR-24722. The respondents named are Guy Scott Griffithe, Robert William Russell, Renewable Technologies Solution, Inc., Green Acres Pharms, LLC,, SMRB, Defendants, and Sonja Marie Russell, Relief Defendant (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24722" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24722" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-guy-scott-griffithe-robert-william-russell-renewable-technologies-solution-i/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-drake-et-al-messier-et-al-brooks-boiler-rooms-2020", "title": "SEC v. Drake et al., Messier et al., Brooks (boiler rooms, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24718", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24718", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-16", "dateResolved": "2020-01-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Drake et al., Messier et al., Brooks", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Drake et al., Messier et al., Brooks, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 16, 2020 as release LR-24718. The respondents named are Drake et al., Messier et al., Brooks (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24718" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24718" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-drake-et-al-messier-et-al-brooks-boiler-rooms-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lidingo-holdings-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020", "title": "SEC v. Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24716", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24716", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-14", "dateResolved": "2020-01-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2020 as release LR-24716. The respondents named are Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24716" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24716" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lidingo-holdings-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-south-korean-company-spoofing-2020", "title": "CFTC v. South Korean Company (spoofing, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8104-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8104-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3311/enfmiraeassetorder011320/download", "dateFiled": "2020-01-13", "dateResolved": "2020-01-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "South Korean Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 700000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against South Korean Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $700,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2020 as release 8104-19. The respondents named are South Korean Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $700,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8104-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8104-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3311/enfmiraeassetorder011320/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-south-korean-company-spoofing-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-o-carr-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24713", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24713", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-13", "dateResolved": "2020-01-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert O. Carr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Katherine M. Hanratty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250628, "disgorgementUsd": 250628, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 27351, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $250,628, disgorgement of $250,628, prejudgment interest of $27,351.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2020 as release LR-24713. The respondents named are Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,628, disgorgement of $250,628, prejudgment interest of $27,351. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24713" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24713" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-o-carr-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-us-coin-bullion-llc-and-its-owners-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "CFTC v. US Coin Bullion LLC and its Owners (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8103-20", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8103-20", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3306/enfuscoinsbullioncomplaint010820/download", "dateFiled": "2020-01-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "US Coin Bullion LLC and its Owners", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against US Coin Bullion LLC and its Owners, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2020 as release 8103-20. The respondents named are US Coin Bullion LLC and its Owners (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8103-20" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8103-20" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3306/enfuscoinsbullioncomplaint010820/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-us-coin-bullion-llc-and-its-owners-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bajic-et-al-ciapala-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2020", "title": "SEC v. Bajic et al., Ciapala et al. (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24712", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24712", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bajic et al., Ciapala et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 35000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bajic et al., Ciapala et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2020 as release LR-24712. The respondents named are Bajic et al., Ciapala et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24712" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24712" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bajic-et-al-ciapala-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-james-sheehan-jr-unregistered-distributions-2020", "title": "SEC v. John James Sheehan, Jr. (unregistered distributions, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10742", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10742.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10742.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-01-10", "dateResolved": "2020-01-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John James Sheehan, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John James Sheehan, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2020 as release 33-10742. The respondents named are John James Sheehan, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10742.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/33-10742.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-james-sheehan-jr-unregistered-distributions-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donald-g-blakstad-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Donald G. Blakstad (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24711", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24711", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald G. Blakstad", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Donald G. Blakstad, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 8, 2020 as release LR-24711. The respondents named are Donald G. Blakstad (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24711" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24711" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donald-g-blakstad-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-espinal-ponzi-schemes-2020", "title": "SEC v. Edward Espinal and Cash Flow Partners, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24708", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24708", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Espinal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Cash Flow Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward Espinal and Cash Flow Partners, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 7, 2020 as release LR-24708. The respondents named are Edward Espinal and Cash Flow Partners, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24708" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24708" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-espinal-ponzi-schemes-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-luke-christopher-zouvas-esq-pump-and-dump-2020", "title": "SEC v. Luke Christopher Zouvas, Esq. (pump and dump, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-87899", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-87899.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-87899.pdf", "dateFiled": "2020-01-07", "dateResolved": "2020-01-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Luke Christopher Zouvas, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Luke Christopher Zouvas, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 7, 2020 as release 34-87899. The respondents named are Luke Christopher Zouvas, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-87899.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2020/34-87899.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-luke-christopher-zouvas-esq-pump-and-dump-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ulrik-debo-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2020", "title": "SEC v. Ulrik Debo (custodianship shell hijacking, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24705", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24705", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ulrik Debo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "custodianship-shell-hijacking", "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ulrik Debo, alleging conduct this library classifies as custodianship shell hijacking, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 3, 2020 as release LR-24705. The respondents named are Ulrik Debo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as custodianship shell hijacking, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24705" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24705" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ulrik-debo-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/custodianship-shell-hijacking/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-v-mazzo-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. James V. Mazzo, et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24703", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24703", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-02", "dateResolved": "2020-01-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "James V. Mazzo, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 56046, "disgorgementUsd": 343954, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James V. Mazzo, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $56,046, disgorgement of $343,954.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 2, 2020 as release LR-24703. The respondents named are James V. Mazzo, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $56,046, disgorgement of $343,954. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24703" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24703" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-v-mazzo-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pinto-thomaz-et-al-insider-trading-2020", "title": "SEC v. Pinto-Thomaz, et al. (insider trading, 2020)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24704", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24704", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2020-01-02", "dateResolved": "2020-01-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Pinto-Thomaz, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Pinto-Thomaz, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 2, 2020 as release LR-24704. The respondents named are Pinto-Thomaz, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2020-01-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24704" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24704" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pinto-thomaz-et-al-insider-trading-2020/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amir-waldman-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Amir Waldman, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24698", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24698", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-23", "dateResolved": "2019-12-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Amir Waldman, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 925436, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Amir Waldman, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 23, 2019 as release LR-24698. The respondents named are Amir Waldman, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24698" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24698" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amir-waldman-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-executive-at-global-investment-bank-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Executive at Global Investment Bank (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8099-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8099-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3266/enfrivoirecomplaint122019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Executive at Global Investment Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Executive at Global Investment Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2019 as release 8099-19. The respondents named are Executive at Global Investment Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8099-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8099-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3266/enfrivoirecomplaint122019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-executive-at-global-investment-bank-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-s-paul-kelley-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. S. Paul Kelley, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24696", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24696", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "S. Paul Kelley, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1204128, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 129436, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against S. Paul Kelley, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $1.2 million, prejudgment interest of $129,436.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2019 as release LR-24696. The respondents named are S. Paul Kelley, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.2 million, prejudgment interest of $129,436. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24696" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24696" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-s-paul-kelley-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-songjiang-wang-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Songjiang Wang (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24697", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24697", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Songjiang Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Songjiang Wang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2019 as release LR-24697. The respondents named are Songjiang Wang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24697" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24697" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-songjiang-wang-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-janardhan-nellore-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Janardhan Nellore et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24693", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24693", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Janardhan Nellore et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Janardhan Nellore et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2019 as release LR-24693. The respondents named are Janardhan Nellore et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24693" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24693" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-janardhan-nellore-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-a-karmann-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Robert A. Karmann (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24692", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24692", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-18", "dateResolved": "2019-12-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert A. Karmann", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert A. Karmann, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2019 as release LR-24692. The respondents named are Robert A. Karmann (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24692" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24692" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-a-karmann-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sam-a-antar-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Sam A. Antar (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24694", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24694", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sam A. Antar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sam A. Antar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2019 as release LR-24694. The respondents named are Sam A. Antar (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24694" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24694" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sam-a-antar-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-special-defendant-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. John Special, Defendant, and Michael Murphy, Relief Defendant, John Kenneth Davidson (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24690", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24690", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-12", "dateResolved": "2019-12-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Special, Defendant,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Murphy, Relief Defendant, John Kenneth Davidson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1500000, "penaltyUsd": 1542242, "disgorgementUsd": 359770, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 231782, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John Special, Defendant, and Michael Murphy, Relief Defendant, John Kenneth Davidson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $359,770, prejudgment interest of $231,782.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 12, 2019 as release LR-24690. The respondents named are John Special, Defendant, and Michael Murphy, Relief Defendant, John Kenneth Davidson (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Oklahoma.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $359,770, prejudgment interest of $231,782. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24690" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24690" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-special-defendant-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-mexico-resident-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. New Mexico Resident (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8094-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8094-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3176/enfdouglasliencomplaint120919/download", "dateFiled": "2019-12-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New Mexico Resident", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New Mexico Resident, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2019 as release 8094-19. The respondents named are New Mexico Resident (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8094-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8094-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3176/enfdouglasliencomplaint120919/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-mexico-resident-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-collins-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Collins, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24687", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24687", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-10", "dateResolved": "2019-12-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Collins, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher Collins, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2019 as release LR-24687. The respondents named are Christopher Collins, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24687" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24687" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-collins-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-o-friedland-global-corporate-strategies-llc-paid-stock-promotion-201", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey O. Friedland, Global Corporate Strategies LLC., and Intiva Pharma, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24684", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24684", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-09", "dateResolved": "2019-12-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey O. Friedland, Global Corporate Strategies LLC.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Intiva Pharma, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jeffrey O. Friedland, Global Corporate Strategies LLC., and Intiva Pharma, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 9, 2019 as release LR-24684. The respondents named are Jeffrey O. Friedland, Global Corporate Strategies LLC., and Intiva Pharma, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24684" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24684" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-o-friedland-global-corporate-strategies-llc-paid-stock-promotion-201/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lester-burroughs-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Lester Burroughs (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24681", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24681", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-12-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lester Burroughs", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lester Burroughs, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 5, 2019 as release LR-24681. The respondents named are Lester Burroughs (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-12-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24681" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24681" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lester-burroughs-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8085-19-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8085-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8085-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3081/ENFAnnualReport112519/download", "dateFiled": "2019-11-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 25, 2019 as release 8085-19. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8085-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8085-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/3081/ENFAnnualReport112519/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8085-19-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brett-pittsenbargar-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Brett Pittsenbargar, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24676", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24676", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brett Pittsenbargar, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Brett Pittsenbargar, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 25, 2019 as release LR-24676. The respondents named are Brett Pittsenbargar, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24676" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24676" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brett-pittsenbargar-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24674", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24674", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin B. Merrill, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 264, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kevin B. Merrill, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 264 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 25, 2019 as release LR-24674. The respondents named are Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 264 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24674" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24674" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bandimere-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bandimere and others (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-15124", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10728.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10728.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-11-22", "dateResolved": "2019-11-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bandimere", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David F. Young", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John O.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 130000, "disgorgementUsd": 4139858, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 847919, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Bandimere, David F. Young and John O., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $130,000, disgorgement of $4.1 million, prejudgment interest of $847,919.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2019 as release 3-15124. The respondents named are Bandimere, David F. Young and John O. (3 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $130,000, disgorgement of $4.1 million, prejudgment interest of $847,919. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10728.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10728.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bandimere-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-lee-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Richard Lee, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24671", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24671", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-21", "dateResolved": "2019-11-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Lee, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 130145, "disgorgementUsd": 130145, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 57777, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard Lee, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $130,145, disgorgement of $130,145, prejudgment interest of $57,777.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2019 as release LR-24671. The respondents named are Richard Lee, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $130,145, disgorgement of $130,145, prejudgment interest of $57,777. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24671" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24671" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-lee-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ruless-pierre-a-k-a-rules-pierre-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Ruless Pierre a/k/a Rules Pierre (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24670", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24670", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ruless Pierre a/k/a Rules Pierre", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ruless Pierre a/k/a Rules Pierre, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2019 as release LR-24670. The respondents named are Ruless Pierre a/k/a Rules Pierre (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24670" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24670" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ruless-pierre-a-k-a-rules-pierre-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-burkholz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Burkholz, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24669", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24669", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Burkholz, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Burkholz, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 20, 2019 as release LR-24669. The respondents named are Burkholz, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24669" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24669" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-burkholz-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-s-kimmel-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. James S. Kimmel (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24668", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24668", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "James S. Kimmel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James S. Kimmel, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 19, 2019 as release LR-24668. The respondents named are James S. Kimmel (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24668" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24668" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-s-kimmel-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sebastian-pinto-thomaz-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Sebastian Pinto-Thomaz (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-87504", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-87504.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-87504.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-11-12", "dateResolved": "2019-11-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sebastian Pinto-Thomaz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sebastian Pinto-Thomaz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 12, 2019 as release 34-87504. The respondents named are Sebastian Pinto-Thomaz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-87504.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-87504.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sebastian-pinto-thomaz-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-mitsubishi-corporation-rtm-japan-ltd-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd. (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8075-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8075-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2991/enfmitsubishicorporationorder110719/download", "dateFiled": "2019-11-07", "dateResolved": "2019-11-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2019 as release 8075-19. The respondents named are Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8075-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8075-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2991/enfmitsubishicorporationorder110719/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-mitsubishi-corporation-rtm-japan-ltd-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-proprietary-trading-firm-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Proprietary Trading Firm (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8074-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8074-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2986/enftowerresearchorder110619/download", "dateFiled": "2019-11-07", "dateResolved": "2019-11-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Proprietary Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 24400000, "disgorgementUsd": 10500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Proprietary Trading Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $24.4 million, disgorgement of $10.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2019 as release 8074-19. The respondents named are Proprietary Trading Firm (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $24.4 million, disgorgement of $10.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8074-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8074-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2986/enftowerresearchorder110619/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-proprietary-trading-firm-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-n-osegueda-et-al-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. David N. Osegueda, et al. (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24659", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24659", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-06", "dateResolved": "2019-11-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "David N. Osegueda, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 932000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David N. Osegueda, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $932,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 6, 2019 as release LR-24659. The respondents named are David N. Osegueda, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $932,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24659" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24659" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-n-osegueda-et-al-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-eden-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019", "title": "SEC v. Richard Eden, et al. and Dale Pearlman (undisclosed control blocks, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24657", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24657", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-11-04", "dateResolved": "2019-11-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Eden, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dale Pearlman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 125000, "disgorgementUsd": 777272, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 55147, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Richard Eden, et al. and Dale Pearlman, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $125,000, disgorgement of $777,272, prejudgment interest of $55,147.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2019 as release LR-24657. The respondents named are Richard Eden, et al. and Dale Pearlman (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $125,000, disgorgement of $777,272, prejudgment interest of $55,147. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-11-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24657" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24657" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-eden-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bovorn-rungruangnavarat-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bovorn Rungruangnavarat (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24654", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24654", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-31", "dateResolved": "2019-10-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bovorn Rungruangnavarat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bovorn Rungruangnavarat, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2019 as release LR-24654. The respondents named are Bovorn Rungruangnavarat (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24654" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24654" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bovorn-rungruangnavarat-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24652", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24652", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-29", "dateResolved": "2019-10-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 10269827, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million, prejudgment interest of $10.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 29, 2019 as release LR-24652. The respondents named are DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million, prejudgment interest of $10.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24652" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24652" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-taylor-darina-windsor-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Taylor, Darina Windsor and Joseph Abdul Noor El-Khouri (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24650", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24650", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Taylor, Darina Windsor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joseph Abdul Noor El-Khouri", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Benjamin Taylor, Darina Windsor and Joseph Abdul Noor El-Khouri, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2019 as release LR-24650. The respondents named are Benjamin Taylor, Darina Windsor and Joseph Abdul Noor El-Khouri (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24650" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24650" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-taylor-darina-windsor-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-cohen-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bryan Cohen and George Nikas (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24649", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24649", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan Cohen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "George Nikas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bryan Cohen and George Nikas, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2019 as release LR-24649. The respondents named are Bryan Cohen and George Nikas (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24649" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24649" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-cohen-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-bayliss-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Bayliss and Ronald Roach (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24651", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24651", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-22", "dateResolved": "2019-10-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Bayliss", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ronald Roach", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Bayliss and Ronald Roach, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2019 as release LR-24651. The respondents named are Joseph Bayliss and Ronald Roach (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24651" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24651" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-bayliss-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-starkweather-matched-orders-2019", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation, William White (matched orders, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24646", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24646", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Starkweather", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andiamo Corporation, William White", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation, William White, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 17, 2019 as release LR-24646. The respondents named are Michael J. Starkweather and Andiamo Corporation, William White (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24646" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24646" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-starkweather-matched-orders-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-nevada-company-and-its-owner-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Nevada Company and its Owner (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8053-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8053-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2811/enfdavidgilbertsaffroncomplaint093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nevada Company and its Owner", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Nevada Company and its Owner, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 16, 2019 as release 8053-19. The respondents named are Nevada Company and its Owner (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8053-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8053-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2811/enfdavidgilbertsaffroncomplaint093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2801/enfdavidgilbertsaffronorder100319/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2816/enfdavidsaffronorder101119/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-nevada-company-and-its-owner-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-8052-19-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8052-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8052-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2791/enffabiobretasdefreitsorder100319/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-15", "dateResolved": "2019-10-15", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 12608982, "disgorgementUsd": 5752042, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $12.6 million, disgorgement of $5.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2019 as release 8052-19. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $12.6 million, disgorgement of $5.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8052-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8052-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2791/enffabiobretasdefreitsorder100319/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-8052-19-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-j-ej-dalius-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24644", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24644", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 15, 2019 as release LR-24644. The respondents named are Eric J. \"EJ\" Dalius et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24644" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24644" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-j-ej-dalius-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anton-senderov-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Anton Senderov, et al. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24641", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24641", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anton Senderov, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Anton Senderov, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 10, 2019 as release LR-24641. The respondents named are Anton Senderov, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24641" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24641" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anton-senderov-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-rivas-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Daniel Rivas, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24638", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24638", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-10", "dateResolved": "2019-10-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Rivas, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel Rivas, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 10, 2019 as release LR-24638. The respondents named are Daniel Rivas, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24638" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24638" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-rivas-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lek-securities-corp-et-al-layering-2019", "title": "SEC v. Lek Securities Corp., et al. (layering, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24639", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24639", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-10-10", "dateResolved": "2019-10-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lek Securities Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": 525892, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lek Securities Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as layering. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $525,892.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 10, 2019 as release LR-24639. The respondents named are Lek Securities Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $525,892. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24639" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24639" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lek-securities-corp-et-al-layering-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sechovich-wash-trading-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Sechovich (wash trading, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8047-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8047-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2766/enfdavidsechoviczorder100719/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-07", "dateResolved": "2019-10-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sechovich", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Sechovich, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 7, 2019 as release 8047-19. The respondents named are Sechovich (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Hawaii.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8047-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8047-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2766/enfdavidsechoviczorder100719/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2771/enfszatmaricomplaint100719/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sechovich-wash-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-trading-firm-belvedere-trading-llc-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Trading Firm Belvedere Trading LLC (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8045-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8045-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2676/enfbelvederetradingorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Trading Firm Belvedere Trading LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago Trading Firm Belvedere Trading LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8045-19. The respondents named are Chicago Trading Firm Belvedere Trading LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8045-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8045-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2676/enfbelvederetradingorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-trading-firm-belvedere-trading-llc-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-energy-broker-front-running-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Energy Broker and Its Owner (front running, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8030-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8030-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2656/enfclassicenergymathewdwebborder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Energy Broker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Owner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": 413065, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Energy Broker and Its Owner, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $413,065.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8030-19. The respondents named are Energy Broker and Its Owner (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $413,065. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8030-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8030-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2656/enfclassicenergymathewdwebborder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-energy-broker-front-running-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-morgan-stanley-capital-group-inc-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8044-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8044-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2671/%20enfmorganstanleyorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8044-19. The respondents named are Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8044-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8044-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2671/%20enfmorganstanleyorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-morgan-stanley-capital-group-inc-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-rbc-capital-markets-wash-trading-2019", "title": "CFTC v. RBC Capital Markets (wash trading, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8034-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8034-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2706/enfrbccapitalorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "RBC Capital Markets", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against RBC Capital Markets, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8034-19. The respondents named are RBC Capital Markets (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8034-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8034-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2706/enfrbccapitalorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-rbc-capital-markets-wash-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trading-firm-mitsubishi-international-corporation-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Trading Firm Mitsubishi International Corporation (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8046-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8046-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2681/enfmitsubishiorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Trading Firm Mitsubishi International Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Trading Firm Mitsubishi International Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $400,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8046-19. The respondents named are Trading Firm Mitsubishi International Corporation (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8046-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8046-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2681/enfmitsubishiorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trading-firm-mitsubishi-international-corporation-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-two-trading-firms-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Two Trading Firms (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8031-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8031-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2671/%20enfmorganstanleyorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-10-01", "dateResolved": "2019-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Two Trading Firms", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Two Trading Firms, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2019 as release 8031-19. The respondents named are Two Trading Firms (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8031-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8031-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2671/%20enfmorganstanleyorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2676/enfbelvederetradingorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2681/enfmitsubishiorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-two-trading-firms-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-trading-firm-spoofing-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Trading Firm and Its Co-Founder (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8024-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8024-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2596/enfhardeightorder093019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-09-30", "dateResolved": "2019-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Co-Founder", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Chicago Trading Firm and Its Co-Founder, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.8 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2019 as release 8024-19. The respondents named are Chicago Trading Firm and Its Co-Founder (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8024-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8024-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2596/enfhardeightorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2601/enfigorchernomzavorder093019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-trading-firm-spoofing-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-block-one-unregistered-distributions-2019", "title": "SEC v. Block.One (unregistered distributions, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10714", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10714.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10714.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-30", "dateResolved": "2019-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Block.One", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Block.One, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2019 as release 33-10714. The respondents named are Block.One (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10714.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10714.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-block-one-unregistered-distributions-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gil-beserglik-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Gil Beserglik, et al. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24630", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24630", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gil Beserglik, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gil Beserglik, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2019 as release LR-24630. The respondents named are Gil Beserglik, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24630" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24630" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gil-beserglik-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-t-booth-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. James T. Booth (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24629", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24629", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James T. Booth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James T. Booth, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2019 as release LR-24629. The respondents named are James T. Booth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24629" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24629" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-t-booth-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-iquantifi-inc-and-thomas-f-white-unregistered-distributions-2019", "title": "SEC v. iQuantifi, Inc. and Thomas F. White (unregistered distributions, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10707", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10707.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10707.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-27", "dateResolved": "2019-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "iQuantifi, Inc. and Thomas F. White", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with iQuantifi, Inc. and Thomas F. White, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $25,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2019 as release 33-10707. The respondents named are iQuantifi, Inc. and Thomas F. White (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10707.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10707.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-iquantifi-inc-and-thomas-f-white-unregistered-distributions-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Sean Stewart, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24620", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24620", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean Stewart, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Sean Stewart, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2019 as release LR-24620. The respondents named are Sean Stewart, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24620" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24620" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andres-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Andres Fernandez and Edison Denizard (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24619", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24619", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andres Fernandez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Edison Denizard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andres Fernandez and Edison Denizard, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release LR-24619. The respondents named are Andres Fernandez and Edison Denizard (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24619" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24619" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andres-fernandez-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chip-hackley-matched-orders-2019", "title": "SEC v. Chip Hackley (matched orders, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19522", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10698.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10698.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chip Hackley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Chip Hackley, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release 3-19522. The respondents named are Chip Hackley (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10698.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10698.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chip-hackley-matched-orders-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-matin-matched-orders-2019", "title": "SEC v. George Matin (matched orders, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19521", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10697.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10697.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": "2019-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George Matin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "paid-stock-promotion", "price-manipulation", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with George Matin, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders, paid stock promotion, price manipulation and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release 3-19521. The respondents named are George Matin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, paid stock promotion, price manipulation and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10697.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10697.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-matin-matched-orders-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-minsky-matched-orders-2019", "title": "SEC v. Harold Minsky (matched orders, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19520", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10696.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10696.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": "2019-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold Minsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "paid-stock-promotion", "price-manipulation", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Harold Minsky, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders, paid stock promotion, price manipulation and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release 3-19520. The respondents named are Harold Minsky (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, paid stock promotion, price manipulation and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10696.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10696.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-minsky-matched-orders-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-alex-irvin-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. James Alex Irvin (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24618", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24618", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": "2019-09-25", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "James Alex Irvin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 227795, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 34494, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James Alex Irvin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $227,795, prejudgment interest of $34,494.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release LR-24618. The respondents named are James Alex Irvin (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $227,795, prejudgment interest of $34,494. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24618" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24618" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-alex-irvin-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-m-apostelos-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. William M. Apostelos, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24617", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24617", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-25", "dateResolved": "2019-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio", "defendants": [ { "name": "William M. Apostelos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 11194472, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 11781844, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William M. Apostelos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $11.2 million, prejudgment interest of $11.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2019 as release LR-24617. The respondents named are William M. Apostelos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $11.2 million, prejudgment interest of $11.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24617" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24617" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-m-apostelos-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-wallace-nall-iii-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. James Wallace Nall, III, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24613", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24613", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-24", "dateResolved": "2019-09-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Alabama", "defendants": [ { "name": "James Wallace Nall, III, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 139774, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 19921, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James Wallace Nall, III, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $139,774, prejudgment interest of $19,921.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2019 as release LR-24613. The respondents named are James Wallace Nall, III, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Alabama.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $139,774, prejudgment interest of $19,921. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24613" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24613" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-wallace-nall-iii-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-conde-defendant-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Conde, Defendant, and others (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24609", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24609", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Conde, Defendant,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Essex Global Investment Corp.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Facultas Capital Management, Inc., Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3300000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Benjamin Conde, Defendant,, Essex Global Investment Corp., and Facultas Capital Management, Inc., Relief Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 23, 2019 as release LR-24609. The respondents named are Benjamin Conde, Defendant,, Essex Global Investment Corp., and Facultas Capital Management, Inc., Relief Defendants (1 individual, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24609" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24609" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-conde-defendant-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trader-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Trader and his Company (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8020-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8020-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Trader and his Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Trader and his Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2019 as release 8020-19. The respondents named are Trader and his Company (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8020-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8020-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trader-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-robert-sodi-et-al-newsletter-scalping-2019", "title": "SEC v. Brian Robert Sodi, et al. (newsletter scalping, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24603", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24603", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-19", "dateResolved": "2019-09-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Robert Sodi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1268000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Brian Robert Sodi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2019 as release LR-24603. The respondents named are Brian Robert Sodi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24603" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24603" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-robert-sodi-et-al-newsletter-scalping-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mediatrix-capital-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Mediatrix Capital Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24600", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24600", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mediatrix Capital Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mediatrix Capital Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2019 as release LR-24600. The respondents named are Mediatrix Capital Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24600" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24600" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mediatrix-capital-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-christian-trunz-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Christian Trunz (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8014-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8014-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2516/enfchristiantrunzorder091619/download", "dateFiled": "2019-09-16", "dateResolved": "2019-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christian Trunz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Christian Trunz, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2019 as release 8014-19. The respondents named are Christian Trunz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8014-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8014-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2516/enfchristiantrunzorder091619/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-christian-trunz-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-futures-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Futures Trader and Industrial Firm (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8015-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8015-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2521/download?name=enfjohnlawrenceorder091619", "dateFiled": "2019-09-16", "dateResolved": "2019-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Futures Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Industrial Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 130000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Futures Trader and Industrial Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $130,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2019 as release 8015-19. The respondents named are Futures Trader and Industrial Firm (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $130,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8015-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8015-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2521/download?name=enfjohnlawrenceorder091619", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2511/enfheraeusmetalsorder091619/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-futures-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-traders-at-major-u-s-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Traders at Major U.S. Bank (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8013-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8013-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2506/enfmichaelgreggcomplaint091619/download", "dateFiled": "2019-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Traders at Major U.S. Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Traders at Major U.S. Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2019 as release 8013-19. The respondents named are Traders at Major U.S. Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8013-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8013-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2506/enfmichaelgreggcomplaint091619/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-traders-at-major-u-s-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marvell-technology-group-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Marvell Technology Group, Ltd. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19454", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10684.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10684.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-16", "dateResolved": "2019-09-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marvell Technology Group, Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marvell Technology Group, Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2019 as release 3-19454. The respondents named are Marvell Technology Group, Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10684.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10684.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marvell-technology-group-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vandham-securities-corp-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Vandham Securities Corp. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86970", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86970.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86970.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-16", "dateResolved": "2019-09-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vandham Securities Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "naked-short-selling-debate", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vandham Securities Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms, naked short selling debate and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2019 as release 34-86970. The respondents named are Vandham Securities Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, naked short selling debate and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86970.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86970.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vandham-securities-corp-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bio-defense-corporation-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bio Defense Corporation, et al. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24592", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24592", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-13", "dateResolved": "2019-09-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bio Defense Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 37475717, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 791143, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bio Defense Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $37.5 million, prejudgment interest of $791,143.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2019 as release LR-24592. The respondents named are Bio Defense Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $37.5 million, prejudgment interest of $791,143. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24592" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24592" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bio-defense-corporation-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-unregistered-forex-trading-firm-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Unregistered Forex Trading Firm and Its Principal (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "8004-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8004-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Unregistered Forex Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Principal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Unregistered Forex Trading Firm and Its Principal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2019 as release 8004-19. The respondents named are Unregistered Forex Trading Firm and Its Principal (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8004-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8004-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-unregistered-forex-trading-firm-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-abner-silva-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Abner Silva (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19426", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10681.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10681.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-09-06", "dateResolved": "2019-09-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Abner Silva", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Abner Silva, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2019 as release 3-19426. The respondents named are Abner Silva (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10681.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10681.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-abner-silva-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-toon-goggles-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Toon Goggles Inc., et al. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24588", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24588", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-06", "dateResolved": "2019-09-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Toon Goggles Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2000000, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Toon Goggles Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records prejudgment interest of $2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2019 as release LR-24588. The respondents named are Toon Goggles Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24588" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24588" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-toon-goggles-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-keith-g-daubenspeck-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Keith G. Daubenspeck and Geoffrey L. Homer (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24587", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24587", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-05", "dateResolved": "2019-09-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Keith G. Daubenspeck", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Geoffrey L. Homer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 111472, "disgorgementUsd": 111472, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 17586, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Keith G. Daubenspeck and Geoffrey L. Homer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $111,472, disgorgement of $111,472, prejudgment interest of $17,586.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2019 as release LR-24587. The respondents named are Keith G. Daubenspeck and Geoffrey L. Homer (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $111,472, disgorgement of $111,472, prejudgment interest of $17,586. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24587" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24587" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-keith-g-daubenspeck-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-executive-financial-services-inc-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Executive Financial Services, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24585", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24585", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-09-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Executive Financial Services, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Executive Financial Services, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 4, 2019 as release LR-24585. The respondents named are Executive Financial Services, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-09-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24585" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24585" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-executive-financial-services-inc-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Morrie Tobin et al. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24583", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24583", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morrie Tobin et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 165000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Morrie Tobin et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2019 as release LR-24583. The respondents named are Morrie Tobin et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24583" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24583" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ems-capital-lp-naked-short-selling-debate-2019", "title": "SEC v. EMS Capital LP (naked short selling debate, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19384", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86781.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86781.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-08-27", "dateResolved": "2019-08-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "EMS Capital LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 229374, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with EMS Capital LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $229,374.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 27, 2019 as release 3-19384. The respondents named are EMS Capital LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $229,374. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86781.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86781.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ems-capital-lp-naked-short-selling-debate-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-terry-wayne-kelly-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Terry Wayne Kelly and Kelly Management, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24573", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24573", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-22", "dateResolved": "2019-08-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Terry Wayne Kelly", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kelly Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Terry Wayne Kelly and Kelly Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2019 as release LR-24573. The respondents named are Terry Wayne Kelly and Kelly Management, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24573" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24573" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-terry-wayne-kelly-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ico-rating-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. ICO Rating (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10673", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10673.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10673.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-08-20", "dateResolved": "2019-08-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ICO Rating", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 100572, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6426, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ICO Rating, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $100,572, prejudgment interest of $6,426.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 20, 2019 as release 33-10673. The respondents named are ICO Rating (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $100,572, prejudgment interest of $6,426. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10673.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10673.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ico-rating-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-therapeuticsmd-inc-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. TherapeuticsMD, Inc. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86708", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86708.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86708.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-08-20", "dateResolved": "2019-08-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "TherapeuticsMD, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with TherapeuticsMD, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 20, 2019 as release 34-86708. The respondents named are TherapeuticsMD, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86708.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86708.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-therapeuticsmd-inc-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bill-tsai-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bill Tsai (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24568", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24568", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bill Tsai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bill Tsai, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2019 as release LR-24568. The respondents named are Bill Tsai (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24568" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24568" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bill-tsai-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-et-al-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand, et al. (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24566", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24566", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-16", "dateResolved": "2019-08-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 66, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jehu Hand, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 66 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2019 as release LR-24566. The respondents named are Jehu Hand, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 66 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24566" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24566" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-et-al-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-samuel-brown-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Samuel Brown, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24569", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24569", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-16", "dateResolved": "2019-08-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Samuel Brown, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Samuel Brown, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2019 as release LR-24569. The respondents named are Samuel Brown, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24569" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24569" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-samuel-brown-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lorenz-erne-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Lorenz Erne (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86690", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86690.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86690.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-08-15", "dateResolved": "2019-08-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lorenz Erne", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 79614, "disgorgementUsd": 159228, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lorenz Erne, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $79,614, disgorgement of $159,228.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2019 as release 34-86690. The respondents named are Lorenz Erne (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $79,614, disgorgement of $159,228. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86690.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86690.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lorenz-erne-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-w-avent-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Thomas W. Avent, Jr., et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24564", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24564", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-15", "dateResolved": "2019-08-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas W. Avent, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Thomas W. Avent, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2019 as release LR-24564. The respondents named are Thomas W. Avent, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24564" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24564" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-w-avent-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-international-enterprise-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "CFTC v. International Enterprise (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7995-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7995-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2331/enfyukombinaryperetzcomplaint08122019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-08-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "International Enterprise", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against International Enterprise, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 12, 2019 as release 7995-19. The respondents named are International Enterprise (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7995-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7995-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2331/enfyukombinaryperetzcomplaint08122019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-international-enterprise-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-e-burns-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "SEC v. Mark E. Burns (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24557", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24557", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-12", "dateResolved": "2019-08-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark E. Burns", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 13886, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark E. Burns, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records disgorgement of $13,886. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 12, 2019 as release LR-24557. The respondents named are Mark E. Burns (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $13,886. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24557" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24557" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-e-burns-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tanmaya-kabra-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Tanmaya Kabra et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24556", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24556", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tanmaya Kabra et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tanmaya Kabra et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2019 as release LR-24556. The respondents named are Tanmaya Kabra et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24556" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24556" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tanmaya-kabra-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregg-evan-jaclin-esq-shell-factories-2019", "title": "SEC v. Gregg Evan Jaclin, Esq. (shell factories, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86577", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86577.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86577.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-08-06", "dateResolved": "2019-08-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregg Evan Jaclin, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gregg Evan Jaclin, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2019 as release 34-86577. The respondents named are Gregg Evan Jaclin, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86577.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86577.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregg-evan-jaclin-esq-shell-factories-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-imran-husain-et-al-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24552", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24552", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-08-06", "dateResolved": "2019-08-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Imran Husain, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 40473, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Imran Husain, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories. The release records disgorgement of $40,473. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2019 as release LR-24552. The respondents named are Imran Husain, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $40,473. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-08-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24552" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24552" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-imran-husain-et-al-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Trader (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7988-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7988-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2311/enfbenjamincoxorder073119/download", "dateFiled": "2019-07-31", "dateResolved": "2019-07-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2019 as release 7988-19. The respondents named are Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with CME, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-31", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7988-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7988-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2311/enfbenjamincoxorder073119/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-w-holden-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. James W. Holden (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86521", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86521.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86521.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-07-31", "dateResolved": "2019-07-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James W. Holden", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 18527, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1348, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James W. Holden, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $18,527, prejudgment interest of $1,348.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2019 as release 34-86521. The respondents named are James W. Holden (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $18,527, prejudgment interest of $1,348. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86521.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86521.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-w-holden-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-beaufort-secs-ltd-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. Beaufort Secs. Ltd. and Kyriacou. (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24546", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24546", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-29", "dateResolved": "2019-07-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Beaufort Secs. Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kyriacou.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Beaufort Secs. Ltd. and Kyriacou., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2019 as release LR-24546. The respondents named are Beaufort Secs. Ltd. and Kyriacou. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24546" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24546" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-beaufort-secs-ltd-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-plaford-etf-nav-abuse-2019", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Plaford (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24548", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24548", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-29", "dateResolved": "2019-07-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Plaford", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher Plaford, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2019 as release LR-24548. The respondents named are Christopher Plaford (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24548" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24548" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-plaford-etf-nav-abuse-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-corey-d-flaum-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Corey D. Flaum (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7983-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7983-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2301/enfCoreyD.Flaumorder072519/download", "dateFiled": "2019-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Corey D. Flaum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Corey D. Flaum, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2019 as release 7983-19. The respondents named are Corey D. Flaum (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7983-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7983-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2301/enfCoreyD.Flaumorder072519/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2296/enfJohnEdmonds072519/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-corey-d-flaum-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-balaji-sundarraj-and-david-o-brien-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Balaji Sundarraj and David O'brien (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86435", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86435.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86435.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-07-23", "dateResolved": "2019-07-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Balaji Sundarraj and David O'brien", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 34950, "disgorgementUsd": 12050, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1650, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Balaji Sundarraj and David O'brien, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $34,950, disgorgement of $12,050, prejudgment interest of $1,650.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2019 as release 34-86435. The respondents named are Balaji Sundarraj and David O'brien (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $34,950, disgorgement of $12,050, prejudgment interest of $1,650. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86435.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86435.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-balaji-sundarraj-and-david-o-brien-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7980-19-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7980-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7980-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2276/enfkelvinoscarramirezfinaljudgment071719/download", "dateFiled": "2019-07-19", "dateResolved": "2019-07-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2900000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $2.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2019 as release 7980-19. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7980-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7980-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2276/enfkelvinoscarramirezfinaljudgment071719/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7980-19-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carol-j-wayland-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019", "title": "SEC v. Carol J. Wayland, et al. (boiler rooms, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24542", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24542", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-19", "dateResolved": "2019-07-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Carol J. Wayland, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 528722, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carol J. Wayland, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions. The release records prejudgment interest of $528,722. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2019 as release LR-24542. The respondents named are Carol J. Wayland, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $528,722. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24542" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24542" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carol-j-wayland-et-al-boiler-rooms-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-garrett-m-o-rourke-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24543", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24543", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Garrett M. O'Rourke", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael J. Black", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2019 as release LR-24543. The respondents named are Garrett M. O'Rourke and Michael J. Black (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24543" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24543" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-garrett-m-o-rourke-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jun-ying-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Jun Ying (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24541", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24541", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-18", "dateResolved": "2019-07-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jun Ying", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jun Ying, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2019 as release LR-24541. The respondents named are Jun Ying (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24541" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24541" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jun-ying-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-loman-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Mark Loman (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24540", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24540", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Loman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark Loman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2019 as release LR-24540. The respondents named are Mark Loman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24540" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24540" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-loman-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-j-milles-jr-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. William J. Milles, Jr. and Donald J. Lutzko (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24538", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24538", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "William J. Milles, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Donald J. Lutzko", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William J. Milles, Jr. and Donald J. Lutzko, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2019 as release LR-24538. The respondents named are William J. Milles, Jr. and Donald J. Lutzko (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24538" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24538" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-j-milles-jr-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zev-saltsman-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2019", "title": "SEC v. Zev Saltsman, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24534", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24534", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-17", "dateResolved": "2019-07-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zev Saltsman, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Zev Saltsman, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $500,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2019 as release LR-24534. The respondents named are Zev Saltsman, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24534" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24534" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zev-saltsman-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-henry-j-wieniewitz-iii-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Henry J. Wieniewitz, III, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24531", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24531", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-07-15", "dateResolved": "2019-07-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Henry J. Wieniewitz, III, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Henry J. Wieniewitz, III, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2019 as release LR-24531. The respondents named are Henry J. Wieniewitz, III, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24531" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24531" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-henry-j-wieniewitz-iii-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-esq-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand, Esq. (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86357", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86357.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86357.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-07-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jehu Hand, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2019 as release 34-86357. The respondents named are Jehu Hand, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86357.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86357.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-esq-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gt-media-inc-unregistered-distributions-2019", "title": "SEC v. GT Media, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10656", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10656.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10656.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-07-01", "dateResolved": "2019-07-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "GT Media, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with GT Media, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2019 as release 33-10656. The respondents named are GT Media, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10656.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10656.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gt-media-inc-unregistered-distributions-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tory-j-r-schalkle-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Tory J. R. Schalkle (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-86268", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86268.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86268.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-07-01", "dateResolved": "2019-07-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tory J. R. Schalkle", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 11315, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 12193, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tory J. R. Schalkle, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $12,193.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2019 as release 34-86268. The respondents named are Tory J. R. Schalkle (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $12,193. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-07-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86268.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-86268.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tory-j-r-schalkle-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-commodity-trading-firm-wash-trading-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Commodity Trading Firm (wash trading, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7952-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7952-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2156/enfeaglemarket062819/download", "dateFiled": "2019-06-28", "dateResolved": "2019-06-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Commodity Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 350000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Commodity Trading Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $350,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 28, 2019 as release 7952-19. The respondents named are Commodity Trading Firm (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $350,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7952-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7952-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2156/enfeaglemarket062819/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-commodity-trading-firm-wash-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7948-19-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7948-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7948-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2146/enfkaneamritjasworder062019/download", "dateFiled": "2019-06-27", "dateResolved": "2019-06-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2019 as release 7948-19. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities and futures, with NYMEX, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7948-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7948-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2146/enfkaneamritjasworder062019/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7948-19-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amrit-j-s-chahal-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Amrit J. S. Chahal (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24517", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24517", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-27", "dateResolved": "2019-06-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Amrit J. S. Chahal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Amrit J. S. Chahal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2019 as release LR-24517. The respondents named are Amrit J. S. Chahal (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24517" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24517" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amrit-j-s-chahal-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-henry-sargent-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019", "title": "SEC v. Henry Sargent et al. (undisclosed control blocks, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24516", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24516", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Henry Sargent et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Henry Sargent et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2019 as release LR-24516. The respondents named are Henry Sargent et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24516" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24516" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-henry-sargent-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-a-krimm-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Matthew A. Krimm, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24519", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24519", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-27", "dateResolved": "2019-06-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Delaware", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew A. Krimm, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 161277, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Matthew A. Krimm, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $2 million, prejudgment interest of $161,277. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2019 as release LR-24519. The respondents named are Matthew A. Krimm, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2 million, prejudgment interest of $161,277. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24519" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24519" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-a-krimm-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rajeshwar-r-gannamaneni-deepthi-gandra-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24515", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24515", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-27", "dateResolved": "2019-06-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Linga R. Gannamaneni", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 376414, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 39379, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $376,414, prejudgment interest of $39,379.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2019 as release LR-24515. The respondents named are Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $376,414, prejudgment interest of $39,379. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24515" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24515" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rajeshwar-r-gannamaneni-deepthi-gandra-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-merrill-lynch-commodities-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Merrill Lynch Commodities (price manipulation, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7946-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7946-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2141/enfmerrilllynchorder062519/download", "dateFiled": "2019-06-25", "dateResolved": "2019-06-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Merrill Lynch Commodities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 11500000, "disgorgementUsd": 11100000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Merrill Lynch Commodities, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $11.5 million, disgorgement of $11.1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2019 as release 7946-19. The respondents named are Merrill Lynch Commodities (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $11.5 million, disgorgement of $11.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7946-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7946-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2141/enfmerrilllynchorder062519/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-merrill-lynch-commodities-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-avi-chiat-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Avi Chiat (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24510", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24510", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-24", "dateResolved": "2019-06-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Avi Chiat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 345158, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 345158, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Avi Chiat, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $345,158, prejudgment interest of $345,158. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2019 as release LR-24510. The respondents named are Avi Chiat (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $345,158, prejudgment interest of $345,158. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24510" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24510" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-avi-chiat-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-landon-m-smith-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Landon M. Smith (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24545", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24545", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "Landon M. Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Landon M. Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2019 as release LR-24545. The respondents named are Landon M. Smith (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24545" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24545" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-landon-m-smith-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-j-kandelapas-marking-the-close-2019", "title": "SEC v. Andrew J. Kandelapas (marking the close, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24509", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24509", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-21", "dateResolved": "2019-06-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew J. Kandelapas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew J. Kandelapas, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2019 as release LR-24509. The respondents named are Andrew J. Kandelapas (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24509" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24509" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-j-kandelapas-marking-the-close-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-lee-moody-jr-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Edward Lee Moody, Jr. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24508", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24508", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-21", "dateResolved": "2019-06-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Lee Moody, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 32181, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 156, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward Lee Moody, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records prejudgment interest of $32,181. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 156 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2019 as release LR-24508. The respondents named are Edward Lee Moody, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $32,181. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 156 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24508" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24508" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-lee-moody-jr-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kit-mun-chan-lau-kean-chong-chong-poui-fan-binji-lu-matched-orders-2019", "title": "SEC v. Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong (matched orders, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24506", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24506", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Youn Chien Wong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2019 as release LR-24506. The respondents named are Kit Mun Chan, Lau Kean Chong, Chong Poui Fan, Binji Lu, and Youn Chien Wong (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24506" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24506" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kit-mun-chan-lau-kean-chong-chong-poui-fan-binji-lu-matched-orders-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-company-and-its-principal-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Company and its Principal (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7938-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7938-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2111/enfcontrolbenjamincomplaint061719/download", "dateFiled": "2019-06-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Company and its Principal", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Company and its Principal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2019 as release 7938-19. The respondents named are Company and its Principal (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7938-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7938-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/2111/enfcontrolbenjamincomplaint061719/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-company-and-its-principal-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-raymond-starker-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Raymond Starker (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24503", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24503", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-18", "dateResolved": "2019-06-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Raymond Starker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 46342, "disgorgementUsd": 46342, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 7047, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Raymond Starker, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $46,342, disgorgement of $46,342, prejudgment interest of $7,047.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2019 as release LR-24503. The respondents named are Raymond Starker (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $46,342, disgorgement of $46,342, prejudgment interest of $7,047. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24503" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24503" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-raymond-starker-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wedbush-securities-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2019", "title": "SEC v. Wedbush Securities, Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19205", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10650.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10650.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-06-18", "dateResolved": "2019-06-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wedbush Securities, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4869072, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 805641, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wedbush Securities, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $4.9 million, prejudgment interest of $805,641.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2019 as release 3-19205. The respondents named are Wedbush Securities, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.9 million, prejudgment interest of $805,641. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10650.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10650.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wedbush-securities-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-industrial-and-commercial-bank-of-china-financial-services-llc-naked-short-s", "title": "SEC v. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC (naked short selling debate, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19202", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10647.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10647.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-06-14", "dateResolved": "2019-06-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 23985439, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4458491, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $24.0 million, prejudgment interest of $4.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 14, 2019 as release 3-19202. The respondents named are Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $24.0 million, prejudgment interest of $4.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10647.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10647.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-industrial-and-commercial-bank-of-china-financial-services-llc-naked-short-s/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-roland-m-mathys-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Roland M. Mathys (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24500", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24500", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Roland M. Mathys", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 5000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Roland M. Mathys, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 13, 2019 as release LR-24500. The respondents named are Roland M. Mathys (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24500" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24500" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-roland-m-mathys-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-salis-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Salis, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24499", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24499", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Salis, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 90400, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Christopher Salis, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $90,400. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2019 as release LR-24499. The respondents named are Christopher Salis, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $90,400. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24499" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24499" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-salis-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Steven Fishoff, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24498", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24498", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-11", "dateResolved": "2019-06-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Fishoff, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven Fishoff, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2019 as release LR-24498. The respondents named are Steven Fishoff, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24498" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24498" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-einstein-investments-llc-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. Einstein Investments LLC (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24490", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24490", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Einstein Investments LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Einstein Investments LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2019 as release LR-24490. The respondents named are Einstein Investments LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24490" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24490" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-einstein-investments-llc-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-longfin-corp-unregistered-distributions-2019", "title": "SEC v. Longfin Corp. and Venkata S. Meenavalli, Longfin et. al (unregistered distributions, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24492", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24492", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-05", "dateResolved": "2019-06-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Longfin Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Venkata S. Meenavalli, Longfin et. al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2900000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Longfin Corp. and Venkata S. Meenavalli, Longfin et. al, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $2.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2019 as release LR-24492. The respondents named are Longfin Corp. and Venkata S. Meenavalli, Longfin et. al (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24492" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24492" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-longfin-corp-unregistered-distributions-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-e-hocker-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. James E. Hocker (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24487", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24487", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-04", "dateResolved": "2019-06-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "James E. Hocker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 204, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James E. Hocker, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 204 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 4, 2019 as release LR-24487. The respondents named are James E. Hocker (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 204 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24487" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24487" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-e-hocker-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-syed-arham-arbab-artis-proficio-capital-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Syed Arham Arbab, Artis Proficio Capital Investments, LLC, and Artis Proficio Capital Management, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24486", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24486", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-06-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Syed Arham Arbab, Artis Proficio Capital Investments, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Artis Proficio Capital Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Syed Arham Arbab, Artis Proficio Capital Investments, LLC, and Artis Proficio Capital Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 3, 2019 as release LR-24486. The respondents named are Syed Arham Arbab, Artis Proficio Capital Investments, LLC, and Artis Proficio Capital Management, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-06-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24486" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24486" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-syed-arham-arbab-artis-proficio-capital-investments-llc-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Craig H. Carton, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24485", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24485", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-31", "dateResolved": "2019-05-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig H. Carton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4700000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Craig H. Carton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $4.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 31, 2019 as release LR-24485. The respondents named are Craig H. Carton, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24485" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24485" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-a-altom-and-gabriel-v-graven-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. David A. Altom and Gabriel V. Graven (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85956", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85956.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85956.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-05-29", "dateResolved": "2019-05-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David A. Altom and Gabriel V. Graven", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 126835, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David A. Altom and Gabriel V. Graven, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 29, 2019 as release 34-85956. The respondents named are David A. Altom and Gabriel V. Graven (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85956.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85956.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-a-altom-and-gabriel-v-graven-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-slowinski-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. George Slowinski (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24483", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24483", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "George Slowinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against George Slowinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 29, 2019 as release LR-24483. The respondents named are George Slowinski (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24483" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24483" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-slowinski-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-brandon-anderson-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019", "title": "SEC v. Stephen Brandon Anderson (undisclosed control blocks, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5242", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5242.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5242.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-05-28", "dateResolved": "2019-05-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen Brandon Anderson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 367176, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 38205, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stephen Brandon Anderson, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $367,176, prejudgment interest of $38,205.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 28, 2019 as release IA-5242. The respondents named are Stephen Brandon Anderson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $367,176, prejudgment interest of $38,205. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5242.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5242.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-brandon-anderson-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-c-morgan-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Robert C. Morgan (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24477", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24477", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert C. Morgan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert C. Morgan, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2019 as release LR-24477. The respondents named are Robert C. Morgan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24477" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24477" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-c-morgan-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-howard-m-appel-float-locking-2019", "title": "SEC v. Howard M. Appel (float locking, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24475", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24475", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-22", "dateResolved": "2019-05-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Howard M. Appel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "float-locking" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3868699, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Howard M. Appel, alleging conduct this library classifies as float locking. The release records disgorgement of $3.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2019 as release LR-24475. The respondents named are Howard M. Appel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as float locking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24475" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24475" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-howard-m-appel-float-locking-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/float-locking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-s-davis-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Robert S. Davis, Jr., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24476", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24476", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert S. Davis, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert S. Davis, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2019 as release LR-24476. The respondents named are Robert S. Davis, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24476" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24476" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-s-davis-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-h-seigel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan H. Seigel, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24473", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24473", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan H. Seigel, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jonathan H. Seigel, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2019 as release LR-24473. The respondents named are Jonathan H. Seigel, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24473" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24473" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-h-seigel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-christian-ramsey-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Mark \"Christian\" Ramsey (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24474", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24474", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark \"Christian\" Ramsey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark \"Christian\" Ramsey, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2019 as release LR-24474. The respondents named are Mark \"Christian\" Ramsey (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24474" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24474" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-christian-ramsey-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-n-osegueda-ishmail-calvin-ross-aka-calvin-ross-zachary-r-logan-pump-an", "title": "SEC v. David N. Osegueda, Ishmail Calvin Ross, aka Calvin Ross, Zachary R. Logan, and Jessica Snyder, fka Jessica Gutierrez (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24472", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24472", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David N. Osegueda, Ishmail Calvin Ross, aka Calvin Ross, Zachary R. Logan,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jessica Snyder, fka Jessica Gutierrez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David N. Osegueda, Ishmail Calvin Ross, aka Calvin Ross, Zachary R. Logan, and Jessica Snyder, fka Jessica Gutierrez, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 20, 2019 as release LR-24472. The respondents named are David N. Osegueda, Ishmail Calvin Ross, aka Calvin Ross, Zachary R. Logan, and Jessica Snyder, fka Jessica Gutierrez (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24472" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24472" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-n-osegueda-ishmail-calvin-ross-aka-calvin-ross-zachary-r-logan-pump-an/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-i-farmer-scott-r-sieck-eddie-d-austin-jr-carolyn-p-austin-pump-and-du", "title": "SEC v. Andrew I. Farmer, Scott R. Sieck, Eddie D. Austin, Jr., Carolyn P. Austin, and John D. Brotherton (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24470", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24470", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-17", "dateResolved": "2019-05-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew I. Farmer, Scott R. Sieck, Eddie D. Austin, Jr., Carolyn P. Austin,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John D. Brotherton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew I. Farmer, Scott R. Sieck, Eddie D. Austin, Jr., Carolyn P. Austin, and John D. Brotherton, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 17, 2019 as release LR-24470. The respondents named are Andrew I. Farmer, Scott R. Sieck, Eddie D. Austin, Jr., Carolyn P. Austin, and John D. Brotherton (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24470" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24470" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-i-farmer-scott-r-sieck-eddie-d-austin-jr-carolyn-p-austin-pump-and-du/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-m-schulman-esq-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Robert M. Schulman, Esq. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85878", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85878.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85878.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-05-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert M. Schulman, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 8824, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Robert M. Schulman, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2019 as release 34-85878. The respondents named are Robert M. Schulman, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85878.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85878.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-m-schulman-esq-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wilson-davis-co-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85867", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85867.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85867.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-05-15", "dateResolved": "2019-05-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 15, 2019 as release 34-85867. The respondents named are Wilson-Davis & Co., Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85867.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85867.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wilson-davis-co-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-fettner-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Brian Fettner, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24468", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24468", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-14", "dateResolved": "2019-05-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Fettner, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Fettner, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2019 as release LR-24468. The respondents named are Brian Fettner, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24468" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24468" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-fettner-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-b-long-cpa-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Bryan B. Long, CPA (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19163", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85847.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85847.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-05-13", "dateResolved": "2019-05-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan B. Long, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 35842, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bryan B. Long, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $35,842.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 13, 2019 as release 3-19163. The respondents named are Bryan B. Long, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $35,842. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85847.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85847.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-b-long-cpa-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-m-morano-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Robert M. Morano (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24467", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24467", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-13", "dateResolved": "2019-05-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Oregon", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert M. Morano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 38000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 38242, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2317, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert M. Morano, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $38,242, prejudgment interest of $2,317.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 13, 2019 as release LR-24467. The respondents named are Robert M. Morano (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Oregon.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $38,242, prejudgment interest of $2,317. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24467" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24467" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-m-morano-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ceo-of-managed-fund-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. CEO of Managed Fund (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7927-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7927-19", "complaintUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/1981/Complaint:%20Fabio%20Bretas%20De%20Freitas,%20Phy%20Capital%20Investment%20LLC%20fka%20Phynance%20Capital%20Management%20LLC/download", "dateFiled": "2019-05-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "CEO of Managed Fund", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against CEO of Managed Fund, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 10, 2019 as release 7927-19. The respondents named are CEO of Managed Fund (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7927-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7927-19" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/1981/Complaint:%20Fabio%20Bretas%20De%20Freitas,%20Phy%20Capital%20Investment%20LLC%20fka%20Phynance%20Capital%20Management%20LLC/download", "label": "CFTC order or complaint" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ceo-of-managed-fund-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lloyd-schuman-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Lloyd Schuman and Dane Janes (Corrected Version) (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24465", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24465", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-09", "dateResolved": "2019-05-09", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Tennessee", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lloyd Schuman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dane Janes (Corrected Version)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 122574, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 21341, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lloyd Schuman and Dane Janes (Corrected Version), alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $122,574, prejudgment interest of $21,341.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2019 as release LR-24465. The respondents named are Lloyd Schuman and Dane Janes (Corrected Version) (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Tennessee.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $122,574, prejudgment interest of $21,341. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24465" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24465" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lloyd-schuman-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rocco-roveccio-churning-2019", "title": "SEC v. Rocco Roveccio (churning, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24464", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24464", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-05-06", "dateResolved": "2019-05-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rocco Roveccio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 147115, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 17499, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rocco Roveccio, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $147,115, prejudgment interest of $17,499.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2019 as release LR-24464. The respondents named are Rocco Roveccio (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $147,115, prejudgment interest of $17,499. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-05-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24464" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24464" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rocco-roveccio-churning-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-anadarko-petroleum-corp-ins", "title": "SEC v. One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Anadarko Petroleum Corp. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24462", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24462", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-29", "dateResolved": "2019-04-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Anadarko Petroleum Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Anadarko Petroleum Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 29, 2019 as release LR-24462. The respondents named are One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Anadarko Petroleum Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24462" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24462" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-anadarko-petroleum-corp-ins/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-d-dougherty-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Christopher D. Dougherty, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24461", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24461", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher D. Dougherty, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher D. Dougherty, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2019 as release LR-24461. The respondents named are Christopher D. Dougherty, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24461" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24461" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-d-dougherty-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charter-capital-management-llc-and-steven-morris-bruce-undisclosed-control-b", "title": "SEC v. Charter Capital Management, LLC and Steven Morris Bruce (undisclosed control blocks, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5226", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5226.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5226.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-04-23", "dateResolved": "2019-04-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charter Capital Management, LLC and Steven Morris Bruce", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 40000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charter Capital Management, LLC and Steven Morris Bruce, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $40,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2019 as release IA-5226. The respondents named are Charter Capital Management, LLC and Steven Morris Bruce (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $40,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5226.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5226.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charter-capital-management-llc-and-steven-morris-bruce-undisclosed-control-b/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-forex-trading-firms-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Forex Trading Firms and Principals (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7915-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7915-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Forex Trading Firms", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Principals", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Forex Trading Firms and Principals, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2019 as release 7915-19. The respondents named are Forex Trading Firms and Principals (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7915-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7915-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-forex-trading-firms-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-m-loflin-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. David M. Loflin (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24457", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24457", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-22", "dateResolved": "2019-04-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David M. Loflin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David M. Loflin, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2019 as release LR-24457. The respondents named are David M. Loflin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24457" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24457" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-m-loflin-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dov-zaidman-cpa-shell-factories-2019", "title": "SEC v. Dov Zaidman, CPA and and ZBS Group LLP (shell factories, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19150", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10632.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10632.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-04-22", "dateResolved": "2019-04-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dov Zaidman, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and ZBS Group LLP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3962, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dov Zaidman, CPA and and ZBS Group LLP, alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories. The release records prejudgment interest of $3,962.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2019 as release 3-19150. The respondents named are Dov Zaidman, CPA and and ZBS Group LLP (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $3,962. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10632.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/33-10632.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dov-zaidman-cpa-shell-factories-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yuh-yue-chen-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Yuh-Yue Chen (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24454", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24454", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Yuh-Yue Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Yuh-Yue Chen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 18, 2019 as release LR-24454. The respondents named are Yuh-Yue Chen (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24454" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24454" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yuh-yue-chen-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-quentin-louis-wilcox-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Quentin Louis Wilcox (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24453", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24453", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-16", "dateResolved": "2019-04-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Quentin Louis Wilcox", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 55154, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3744, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Quentin Louis Wilcox, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $55,154, prejudgment interest of $3,744.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2019 as release LR-24453. The respondents named are Quentin Louis Wilcox (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $55,154, prejudgment interest of $3,744. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24453" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24453" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-quentin-louis-wilcox-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ivan-acevedo-dane-r-roseman-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Ivan Acevedo & Dane R. Roseman (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24450", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24450", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ivan Acevedo & Dane R. Roseman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ivan Acevedo & Dane R. Roseman, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 12, 2019 as release LR-24450. The respondents named are Ivan Acevedo & Dane R. Roseman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24450" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24450" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ivan-acevedo-dane-r-roseman-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-m-schneider-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. James M. Schneider, Esq. (reverse merger schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85583", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85583.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85583.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-04-10", "dateResolved": "2019-04-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James M. Schneider, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James M. Schneider, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2019 as release 34-85583. The respondents named are James M. Schneider, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85583.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85583.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-m-schneider-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-bannon-powers-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Paul Bannon Powers (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24448", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24448", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-10", "dateResolved": "2019-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul Bannon Powers", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Paul Bannon Powers, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2019 as release LR-24448. The respondents named are Paul Bannon Powers (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24448" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24448" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-bannon-powers-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Scott Newsholme (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24444", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24444", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-05", "dateResolved": "2019-04-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott Newsholme", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 102, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Scott Newsholme, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 102 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2019 as release LR-24444. The respondents named are Scott Newsholme (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 102 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24444" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24444" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tai-cheng-yang-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Tai-Cheng Yang (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85525", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85525.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85525.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-04-05", "dateResolved": "2019-04-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tai-Cheng Yang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tai-Cheng Yang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2019 as release 34-85525. The respondents named are Tai-Cheng Yang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85525.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85525.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tai-cheng-yang-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-evan-r-kita-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Evan R. Kita, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24441", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-04-04", "dateResolved": "2019-04-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Evan R. Kita, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 442006, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Evan R. Kita, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $442,006. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2019. The respondents named are Evan R. Kita, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $442,006. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24441" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24441" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-evan-r-kita-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tiber-creek-corp-and-james-m-cassidy-reverse-merger-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Tiber Creek Corp. and James M. Cassidy (reverse merger schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85411", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85411.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85411.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-03-26", "dateResolved": "2019-03-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tiber Creek Corp. and James M. Cassidy", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Tiber Creek Corp. and James M. Cassidy, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 26, 2019 as release 34-85411. The respondents named are Tiber Creek Corp. and James M. Cassidy (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85411.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85411.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tiber-creek-corp-and-james-m-cassidy-reverse-merger-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carol-ann-pedersen-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Carol Ann Pedersen (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24430", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24430", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-20", "dateResolved": "2019-03-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carol Ann Pedersen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2700000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carol Ann Pedersen, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $2.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 20, 2019 as release LR-24430. The respondents named are Carol Ann Pedersen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24430" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24430" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carol-ann-pedersen-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-morelli-iii-pump-and-dump-2019", "title": "SEC v. Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore (pump and dump, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24429", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24429", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Morelli III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Louis Buonocore", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 20, 2019 as release LR-24429. The respondents named are Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24429" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24429" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-morelli-iii-pump-and-dump-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kent-r-e-whitney-david-lee-parrish-the-church-for-the-healthy-self-a-k-a-chs", "title": "SEC v. Kent R.E. Whitney, David Lee Parrish, The Church for the Healthy Self a/k/a CHS Trust, and CHS Asset Management Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24426", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24426", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kent R.E. Whitney, David Lee Parrish, The Church for the Healthy Self a/k/a CHS Trust,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "CHS Asset Management Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kent R.E. Whitney, David Lee Parrish, The Church for the Healthy Self a/k/a CHS Trust, and CHS Asset Management Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 18, 2019 as release LR-24426. The respondents named are Kent R.E. Whitney, David Lee Parrish, The Church for the Healthy Self a/k/a CHS Trust, and CHS Asset Management Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24426" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24426" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kent-r-e-whitney-david-lee-parrish-the-church-for-the-healthy-self-a-k-a-chs/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-neil-doc-gallagher-gallagher-financial-group-inc-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. William Neil \"Doc\" Gallagher, Gallagher Financial Group, Inc., and W. Neil Gallagher, Ph.D. Agency, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24420", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24420", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William Neil \"Doc\" Gallagher, Gallagher Financial Group, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "W. Neil Gallagher, Ph.D. Agency, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William Neil \"Doc\" Gallagher, Gallagher Financial Group, Inc., and W. Neil Gallagher, Ph.D. Agency, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 12, 2019 as release LR-24420. The respondents named are William Neil \"Doc\" Gallagher, Gallagher Financial Group, Inc., and W. Neil Gallagher, Ph.D. Agency, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24420" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24420" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-neil-doc-gallagher-gallagher-financial-group-inc-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ascension-asset-management-llc-gooder-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019", "title": "SEC v. Ascension Asset Management, LLC Gooder and Grenville M., JR. (undisclosed control blocks, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-19024", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5121.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5121.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-03-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ascension Asset Management, LLC Gooder", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Grenville M., JR.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ascension Asset Management, LLC Gooder and Grenville M., JR., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 7, 2019 as release 3-19024. The respondents named are Ascension Asset Management, LLC Gooder and Grenville M., JR. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5121.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/ia-5121.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ascension-asset-management-llc-gooder-undisclosed-control-blocks-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7881-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7881-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-04", "dateResolved": "2019-03-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5942574, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.9 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 4, 2019 as release 7881-19. The respondents named are Defendants (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7881-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7881-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rong-chen-et-al-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Rong Chen, et al. (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24417", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24417", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-04", "dateResolved": "2019-03-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Rong Chen, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 167092, "disgorgementUsd": 167092, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 26356, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Rong Chen, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $167,092, disgorgement of $167,092, prejudgment interest of $26,356.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 4, 2019 as release LR-24417. The respondents named are Rong Chen, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $167,092, disgorgement of $167,092, prejudgment interest of $26,356. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24417" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24417" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rong-chen-et-al-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-c-gennity-churning-2019", "title": "SEC v. William C. Gennity (churning, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24416", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24416", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-03-04", "dateResolved": "2019-03-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William C. Gennity", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 127686, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14797, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William C. Gennity, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $127,686, prejudgment interest of $14,797.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 4, 2019 as release LR-24416. The respondents named are William C. Gennity (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $127,686, prejudgment interest of $14,797. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-03-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24416" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24416" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-c-gennity-churning-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-krishna-mohan-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Krishna Mohan (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7877-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7877-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Krishna Mohan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Krishna Mohan, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 25, 2019 as release 7877-19. The respondents named are Krishna Mohan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7877-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7877-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-krishna-mohan-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-walter-c-little-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24409", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24409", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-22", "dateResolved": "2019-02-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Walter C. Little", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Berke", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 27, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 27 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 22, 2019 as release LR-24409. The respondents named are Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 27 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24409" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24409" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-walter-c-little-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-frank-vacante-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Frank Vacante (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24406", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24406", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-21", "dateResolved": "2019-02-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Frank Vacante", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 70827, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph Frank Vacante, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $70,827.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 21, 2019 as release LR-24406. The respondents named are Joseph Frank Vacante (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $70,827. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24406" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24406" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-frank-vacante-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gene-daniel-levoff-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Gene Daniel Levoff (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24399", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24399", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gene Daniel Levoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gene Daniel Levoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2019 as release LR-24399. The respondents named are Gene Daniel Levoff (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24399" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24399" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gene-daniel-levoff-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-mcdiarmid-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Jason McDiarmid, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24398", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24398", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-12", "dateResolved": "2019-02-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason McDiarmid, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3177268, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 291035, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jason McDiarmid, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $3.2 million, prejudgment interest of $291,035.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 12, 2019 as release LR-24398. The respondents named are Jason McDiarmid, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3.2 million, prejudgment interest of $291,035. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24398" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24398" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-mcdiarmid-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nl-technology-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. NL Technology, LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24394", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24394", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-11", "dateResolved": "2019-02-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "NL Technology, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4700000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 256647, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against NL Technology, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $4.7 million, prejudgment interest of $256,647.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 11, 2019 as release LR-24394. The respondents named are NL Technology, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.7 million, prejudgment interest of $256,647. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24394" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24394" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nl-technology-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-j-callahan-insider-trading-2019", "title": "SEC v. Daniel J. Callahan (insider trading, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-85079", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85079.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85079.pdf", "dateFiled": "2019-02-08", "dateResolved": "2019-02-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel J. Callahan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 19387, "disgorgementUsd": 19387, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3292, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Daniel J. Callahan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $19,387, disgorgement of $19,387, prejudgment interest of $3,292.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2019 as release 34-85079. The respondents named are Daniel J. Callahan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $19,387, disgorgement of $19,387, prejudgment interest of $3,292. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85079.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2019/34-85079.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-j-callahan-insider-trading-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-spark-trading-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2019", "title": "SEC v. Spark Trading Group, LLC and Niket Shah (ponzi schemes, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24393", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24393", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-08", "dateResolved": "2019-02-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Spark Trading Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Niket Shah", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 299229, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Spark Trading Group, LLC and Niket Shah, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $299,229.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2019 as release LR-24393. The respondents named are Spark Trading Group, LLC and Niket Shah (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $299,229. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24393" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24393" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-spark-trading-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-andre-flotron-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Andre Flotron (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7867-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7867-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-07", "dateResolved": "2019-02-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andre Flotron", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Andre Flotron, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2019 as release 7867-19. The respondents named are Andre Flotron (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7867-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7867-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-andre-flotron-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-withrow-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Edward Withrow, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24391", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24391", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Withrow, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward Withrow, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2019 as release LR-24391. The respondents named are Edward Withrow, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24391" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24391" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-withrow-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-j-thompson-jr-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019", "title": "SEC v. Anthony J. Thompson, Jr., et al. (paid stock promotion, 2019)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24389", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24389", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-02-01", "dateResolved": "2019-02-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony J. Thompson, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony J. Thompson, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 1, 2019 as release LR-24389. The respondents named are Anthony J. Thompson, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-02-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24389" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24389" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-j-thompson-jr-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-proprietary-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019", "title": "CFTC v. Proprietary Trader (spoofing, 2019)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7865-19", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7865-19", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2019-01-31", "dateResolved": "2019-01-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Proprietary Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 120000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Proprietary Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $120,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 31, 2019 as release 7865-19. The respondents named are Proprietary Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $120,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-01-31", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7865-19" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7865-19" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-proprietary-trader-settlement-price-manipulation-2019/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adt-inc-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. ADT Inc. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18955", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84956.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84956.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-26", "dateResolved": "2018-12-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ADT Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ADT Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 26, 2018 as release 3-18955. The respondents named are ADT Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84956.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84956.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adt-inc-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cherubim-interests-inc-pdx-partners-inc-victura-construction-group-inc-pump-", "title": "SEC v. Cherubim Interests, Inc., PDX Partners, Inc., Victura Construction Group, Inc., and Patrick Jevon Johnson (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24380", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24380", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cherubim Interests, Inc., PDX Partners, Inc., Victura Construction Group, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Patrick Jevon Johnson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Cherubim Interests, Inc., PDX Partners, Inc., Victura Construction Group, Inc., and Patrick Jevon Johnson, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 26, 2018 as release LR-24380. The respondents named are Cherubim Interests, Inc., PDX Partners, Inc., Victura Construction Group, Inc., and Patrick Jevon Johnson (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24380" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24380" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cherubim-interests-inc-pdx-partners-inc-victura-construction-group-inc-pump-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bioelectronics-corp-ibex-llc-st-john-s-llc-whelan-unregistered-distributions", "title": "SEC v. BioElectronics Corp. IBEX, LLC St. John's, LLC Whelan and others (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17104", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10594.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10594.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-21", "dateResolved": "2018-12-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BioElectronics Corp. IBEX, LLC St. John's, LLC Whelan", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andrew J. Whelan Kelly A., CPA Bedwell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert P., CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 650000, "disgorgementUsd": 166640, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against BioElectronics Corp. IBEX, LLC St. John's, LLC Whelan, Andrew J. Whelan Kelly A., CPA Bedwell and Robert P., CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $650,000, disgorgement of $166,640.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2018 as release 3-17104. The respondents named are BioElectronics Corp. IBEX, LLC St. John's, LLC Whelan, Andrew J. Whelan Kelly A., CPA Bedwell and Robert P., CPA (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $650,000, disgorgement of $166,640. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10594.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10594.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bioelectronics-corp-ibex-llc-st-john-s-llc-whelan-unregistered-distributions/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-natural-blue-resources-inc-cohen-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Natural Blue Resources, Inc. Cohen and others (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-15974", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10598.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10598.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-21", "dateResolved": "2018-12-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Natural Blue Resources, Inc. Cohen", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James E. Corazzi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joseph A", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Natural Blue Resources, Inc. Cohen, James E. Corazzi and Joseph A, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2018 as release 3-15974. The respondents named are Natural Blue Resources, Inc. Cohen, James E. Corazzi and Joseph A (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10598.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10598.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-natural-blue-resources-inc-cohen-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tod-a-ditommaso-esq-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq. (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10597", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10597.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10597.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-21", "dateResolved": "2018-12-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1475, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $1,475.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2018 as release 33-10597. The respondents named are Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1,475. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10597.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10597.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tod-a-ditommaso-esq-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wealthfront-advisers-llc-and-wash-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Wealthfront Advisers, LLC and and Wealthfront, Inc. (wash trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-5086", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/ia-5086.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/ia-5086.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-21", "dateResolved": "2018-12-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wealthfront Advisers, LLC and", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Wealthfront, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wealthfront Advisers, LLC and and Wealthfront, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2018 as release IA-5086. The respondents named are Wealthfront Advisers, LLC and and Wealthfront, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/ia-5086.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/ia-5086.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wealthfront-advisers-llc-and-wash-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-s-lute-davis-jr-et-al-jordan-e-goodman-alan-h-new-et-al-paid-stock-pr", "title": "SEC v. Robert S. \"Lute\" Davis, Jr., et al., Jordan E. Goodman., Alan H. New, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24376", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24376", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-19", "dateResolved": "2018-12-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert S. \"Lute\" Davis, Jr., et al., Jordan E. Goodman., Alan H. New, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 2290000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 315850, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert S. \"Lute\" Davis, Jr., et al., Jordan E. Goodman., Alan H. New, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $2.3 million, prejudgment interest of $315,850.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2018 as release LR-24376. The respondents named are Robert S. \"Lute\" Davis, Jr., et al., Jordan E. Goodman., Alan H. New, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $2.3 million, prejudgment interest of $315,850. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24376" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24376" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-s-lute-davis-jr-et-al-jordan-e-goodman-alan-h-new-et-al-paid-stock-pr/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-area-trader-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago-area Trader (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7857-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7857-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-17", "dateResolved": "2018-12-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago-area Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Chicago-area Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2018 as release 7857-18. The respondents named are Chicago-area Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7857-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7857-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-area-trader-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-gaylen-rust-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Gaylen Rust (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7856-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7856-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gaylen Rust", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Gaylen Rust, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2018 as release 7856-18. The respondents named are Gaylen Rust (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7856-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7856-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-gaylen-rust-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-cho-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Peter Cho (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24375", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24375", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-17", "dateResolved": "2018-12-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter Cho", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 250000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Peter Cho, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2018 as release LR-24375. The respondents named are Peter Cho (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24375" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24375" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-cho-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-bank-of-new-york-mellon-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. The Bank of New York Mellon (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10586", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10586.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10586.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-17", "dateResolved": "2018-12-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bank of New York Mellon", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 29369032, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4260200, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Bank of New York Mellon, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $29.4 million, prejudgment interest of $4.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 17, 2018 as release 33-10586. The respondents named are The Bank of New York Mellon (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $29.4 million, prejudgment interest of $4.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10586.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10586.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-bank-of-new-york-mellon-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-america-modern-green-senior-houston-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. America Modern Green Senior (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Community (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Residential (Houston) LLC (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10584", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10584.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10584.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-12", "dateResolved": "2018-12-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "America Modern Green Senior (Houston) LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "America Modern Green Community (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Residential (Houston) LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 800000, "disgorgementUsd": 17600000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with America Modern Green Senior (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Community (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Residential (Houston) LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $800,000, disgorgement of $17.6 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 12, 2018 as release 33-10584. The respondents named are America Modern Green Senior (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Community (Houston) LLC and America Modern Green Residential (Houston) LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $800,000, disgorgement of $17.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10584.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10584.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-america-modern-green-senior-houston-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lai-guanglin-alan-marking-the-close-2018", "title": "SEC v. Lai Guanglin (Alan) (marking the close, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84764", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84764.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84764.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-10", "dateResolved": "2018-12-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lai Guanglin (Alan)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lai Guanglin (Alan), alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close and price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2018 as release 34-84764. The respondents named are Lai Guanglin (Alan) (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84764.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84764.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lai-guanglin-alan-marking-the-close-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rajeshwar-r-gannamaneni-deepthi-gandra-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24371", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24371", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Linga R. Gannamaneni", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 600000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 10, 2018 as release LR-24371. The respondents named are Rajeshwar R. Gannamaneni, Deepthi Gandra, and Linga R. Gannamaneni (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24371" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24371" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rajeshwar-r-gannamaneni-deepthi-gandra-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-coinalpha-advisors-llc-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. CoinAlpha Advisors LLC (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10582", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10582.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10582.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-07", "dateResolved": "2018-12-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "CoinAlpha Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with CoinAlpha Advisors LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 7, 2018 as release 33-10582. The respondents named are CoinAlpha Advisors LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10582.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10582.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-coinalpha-advisors-llc-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nvc-fund-llc-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. NVC Fund LLC and Frank Ekejija (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24369", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24369", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "NVC Fund LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Frank Ekejija", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against NVC Fund LLC and Frank Ekejija, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 7, 2018 as release LR-24369. The respondents named are NVC Fund LLC and Frank Ekejija (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24369" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24369" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nvc-fund-llc-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-g-dreslin-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. David G. Dreslin, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24365", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24365", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-12-03", "dateResolved": "2018-12-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David G. Dreslin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David G. Dreslin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $25,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2018 as release LR-24365. The respondents named are David G. Dreslin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24365" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24365" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-g-dreslin-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fifth-street-management-llc-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Fifth Street Management, LLC (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18909", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10581.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10581.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-12-03", "dateResolved": "2018-12-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fifth Street Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Fifth Street Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2018 as release 3-18909. The respondents named are Fifth Street Management, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-12-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10581.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10581.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fifth-street-management-llc-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-t-landis-et-al-matched-orders-2018", "title": "SEC v. Eric T. Landis et al. (matched orders, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24362", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24362", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric T. Landis et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Eric T. Landis et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2018 as release LR-24362. The respondents named are Eric T. Landis et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24362" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24362" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-t-landis-et-al-matched-orders-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-floyd-mayweather-jr-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Floyd Mayweather Jr. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10578", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10578.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10578.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-11-29", "dateResolved": "2018-11-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Floyd Mayweather Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 300000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Floyd Mayweather Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $300,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2018 as release 33-10578. The respondents named are Floyd Mayweather Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10578.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10578.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-floyd-mayweather-jr-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-khaled-khaled-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Khaled Khaled (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10579", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10579.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10579.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-11-29", "dateResolved": "2018-11-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Khaled Khaled", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 50000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Khaled Khaled, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $50,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2018 as release 33-10579. The respondents named are Khaled Khaled (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10579.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10579.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-khaled-khaled-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Morrie Tobin et al. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24361", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24361", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morrie Tobin et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 165000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Morrie Tobin et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 28, 2018 as release LR-24361. The respondents named are Morrie Tobin et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24361" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24361" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morrie-tobin-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-gaylen-dean-rust-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Gaylen Dean Rust (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7842-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7842-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Gaylen Dean Rust", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Defendants Gaylen Dean Rust, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 16, 2018 as release 7842-18. The respondents named are Defendants Gaylen Dean Rust (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7842-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7842-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-gaylen-dean-rust-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7841-18-insider-trading-2018", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7841-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7841-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 15, 2018 as release 7841-18. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7841-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7841-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7841-18-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-burnett-jeffrey-miller-christian-romandetti-frank-sarro-anthony-vassall", "title": "SEC v. Mark Burnett, Jeffrey Miller, Christian Romandetti, Frank Sarro, Anthony Vassallo, and Elite Stock Research, Inc. (boiler rooms, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24353", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24353", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark Burnett, Jeffrey Miller, Christian Romandetti, Frank Sarro, Anthony Vassallo,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Elite Stock Research, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark Burnett, Jeffrey Miller, Christian Romandetti, Frank Sarro, Anthony Vassallo, and Elite Stock Research, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 15, 2018 as release LR-24353. The respondents named are Mark Burnett, Jeffrey Miller, Christian Romandetti, Frank Sarro, Anthony Vassallo, and Elite Stock Research, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24353" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24353" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-burnett-jeffrey-miller-christian-romandetti-frank-sarro-anthony-vassall/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-v-mazzo-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. James V. Mazzo, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24350", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24350", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-14", "dateResolved": "2018-11-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James V. Mazzo, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James V. Mazzo, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2018 as release LR-24350. The respondents named are James V. Mazzo, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24350" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24350" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-v-mazzo-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arthur-lamar-adams-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Arthur Lamar Adams et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24347", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24347", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-09", "dateResolved": "2018-11-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arthur Lamar Adams et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Arthur Lamar Adams et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2018 as release LR-24347. The respondents named are Arthur Lamar Adams et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24347" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24347" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arthur-lamar-adams-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-meli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Meli, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24348", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24348", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-09", "dateResolved": "2018-11-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Meli, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph Meli, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2018 as release LR-24348. The respondents named are Joseph Meli, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24348" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24348" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-meli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24346", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24346", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin B. Merrill, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kevin B. Merrill, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2018 as release LR-24346. The respondents named are Kevin B. Merrill, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24346" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24346" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-b-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pyxus-international-inc-wash-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Pyxus International, Inc. (wash trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18891", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84562.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84562.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-11-09", "dateResolved": "2018-11-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pyxus International, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Pyxus International, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2018 as release 3-18891. The respondents named are Pyxus International, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84562.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84562.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pyxus-international-inc-wash-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Craig H. Carton, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24343", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24343", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig H. Carton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Craig H. Carton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2018 as release LR-24343. The respondents named are Craig H. Carton, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24343" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24343" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-e-hengen-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. James E. Hengen (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24340", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24340", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-08", "dateResolved": "2018-11-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James E. Hengen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 63804, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3865, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James E. Hengen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $63,804, prejudgment interest of $3,865.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2018 as release LR-24340. The respondents named are James E. Hengen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $63,804, prejudgment interest of $3,865. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24340" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24340" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-e-hengen-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-e-cone-et-al-boiler-rooms-2018", "title": "SEC v. Michael E. Cone, et al (boiler rooms, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24342", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24342", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael E. Cone, et al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael E. Cone, et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2018 as release LR-24342. The respondents named are Michael E. Cone, et al (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24342" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24342" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-e-cone-et-al-boiler-rooms-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-seethruequity-llc-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2018", "title": "SEC v. SeeThruEquity, LLC et al. (newsletter scalping, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24341", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24341", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SeeThruEquity, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against SeeThruEquity, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2018 as release LR-24341. The respondents named are SeeThruEquity, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24341" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24341" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-seethruequity-llc-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-slobodan-dragojlovic-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Slobodan Dragojlovic (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24338", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24338", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-11-08", "dateResolved": "2018-11-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Slobodan Dragojlovic", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 20101, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1038, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Slobodan Dragojlovic, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $20,101, prejudgment interest of $1,038.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2018 as release LR-24338. The respondents named are Slobodan Dragojlovic (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $20,101, prejudgment interest of $1,038. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24338" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24338" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-slobodan-dragojlovic-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-citibank-n-a-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. Citibank, N.A. (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10571", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10571.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10571.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-11-07", "dateResolved": "2018-11-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citibank, N.A.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 20903858, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4258894, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Citibank, N.A., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $20.9 million, prejudgment interest of $4.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2018 as release 33-10571. The respondents named are Citibank, N.A. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $20.9 million, prejudgment interest of $4.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10571.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10571.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-citibank-n-a-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-e-fisher-esq-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. Mark E. Fisher, Esq. (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84525", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84525.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84525.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-11-02", "dateResolved": "2018-11-02", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark E. Fisher, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark E. Fisher, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 2, 2018 as release 34-84525. The respondents named are Mark E. Fisher, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-11-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84525.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84525.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-e-fisher-esq-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-weber-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. Brian Weber and Bebida Beverage Co. (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24329", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24329", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-31", "dateResolved": "2018-10-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Weber", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bebida Beverage Co.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 208000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 23436, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Weber and Bebida Beverage Co., alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $208,000, prejudgment interest of $23,436.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2018 as release LR-24329. The respondents named are Brian Weber and Bebida Beverage Co. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $208,000, prejudgment interest of $23,436. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24329" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24329" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-weber-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-philip-thomas-kueber-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Philip Thomas Kueber (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24325", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24325", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-26", "dateResolved": "2018-10-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Philip Thomas Kueber", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Philip Thomas Kueber, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2018 as release LR-24325. The respondents named are Philip Thomas Kueber (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24325" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24325" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-philip-thomas-kueber-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-madsen-andalusian-resorts-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. John Madsen, Andalusian Resorts and others (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24323", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24323", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-23", "dateResolved": "2018-10-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John Madsen, Andalusian Resorts", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Spas, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bernard Fried", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3311, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John Madsen, Andalusian Resorts, Spas, Inc., and Bernard Fried, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $3,311. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 23, 2018 as release LR-24323. The respondents named are John Madsen, Andalusian Resorts, Spas, Inc., and Bernard Fried (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3,311. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24323" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24323" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-madsen-andalusian-resorts-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-e-fisher-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Mark E. Fisher and Joseph F. Capuozzo (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24322", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24322", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-22", "dateResolved": "2018-10-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark E. Fisher", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joseph F. Capuozzo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mark E. Fisher and Joseph F. Capuozzo, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 22, 2018 as release LR-24322. The respondents named are Mark E. Fisher and Joseph F. Capuozzo (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24322" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24322" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-e-fisher-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-s-berkey-churning-2018", "title": "SEC v. Zachary S. Berkey (churning, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84461", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84461.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84461.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-10-19", "dateResolved": "2018-10-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary S. Berkey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Zachary S. Berkey, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 19, 2018 as release 34-84461. The respondents named are Zachary S. Berkey (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84461.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84461.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-s-berkey-churning-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-gbi-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. GBI (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7831-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7831-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-18", "dateResolved": "2018-10-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "GBI", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against GBI, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 18, 2018 as release 7831-18. The respondents named are GBI (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7831-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7831-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-gbi-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-j-greenlaw-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Richard J. Greenlaw et al. (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24318", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24318", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-18", "dateResolved": "2018-10-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Maine", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard J. Greenlaw et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 340142, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard J. Greenlaw et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records prejudgment interest of $340,142.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 18, 2018 as release LR-24318. The respondents named are Richard J. Greenlaw et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Maine.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $340,142. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24318" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24318" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-j-greenlaw-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-b-long-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Bryan B. Long (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24317", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24317", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan B. Long", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bryan B. Long, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 16, 2018 as release LR-24317. The respondents named are Bryan B. Long (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24317" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24317" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-b-long-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-kamaldeep-gandhi-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Kamaldeep Gandhi (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7827-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7827-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-12", "dateResolved": "2018-10-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kamaldeep Gandhi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Kamaldeep Gandhi, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 12, 2018 as release 7827-18. The respondents named are Kamaldeep Gandhi (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7827-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7827-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-kamaldeep-gandhi-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Harold L. Altvater (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24315", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24315", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold L. Altvater", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Harold L. Altvater, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 11, 2018 as release LR-24315. The respondents named are Harold L. Altvater (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24315" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24315" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Merrill, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24313", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24313", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Merrill, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Merrill, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 11, 2018 as release LR-24313. The respondents named are Merrill, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24313" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24313" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-merrill-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dennis-wayne-hamilton-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Dennis Wayne Hamilton (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24311", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24311", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-10", "dateResolved": "2018-10-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dennis Wayne Hamilton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 730279, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 102145, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dennis Wayne Hamilton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $730,279, prejudgment interest of $102,145. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 10, 2018 as release LR-24311. The respondents named are Dennis Wayne Hamilton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $730,279, prejudgment interest of $102,145. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24311" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24311" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dennis-wayne-hamilton-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffre-james-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jeffre James and others (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24308", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24308", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffre James", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Saint James Holding", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Investment Company Trust", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jeffre James, Saint James Holding and Investment Company Trust, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 9, 2018 as release LR-24308. The respondents named are Jeffre James, Saint James Holding and Investment Company Trust (2 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24308" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24308" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffre-james-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-o-carr-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24306", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24306", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-05", "dateResolved": "2018-10-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert O. Carr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Katherine M. Hanratty", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 277980, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $277,980.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 5, 2018 as release LR-24306. The respondents named are Robert O. Carr and Katherine M. Hanratty (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $277,980. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24306" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24306" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-o-carr-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-elliott-hitt-kiddar-capital-llc-kiddar-group-holdings-inc-as-defendants", "title": "SEC v. Todd Elliott Hitt, Kiddar Capital LLC, Kiddar Group Holdings, Inc., as Defendants, and Kiddar AQ LLC a/k/a Kiddar Aquicore LLC, as Relief Defendants (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24307", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24307", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-05", "dateResolved": "2018-10-05", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd Elliott Hitt, Kiddar Capital LLC, Kiddar Group Holdings, Inc., as Defendants,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kiddar AQ LLC a/k/a Kiddar Aquicore LLC, as Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Todd Elliott Hitt, Kiddar Capital LLC, Kiddar Group Holdings, Inc., as Defendants, and Kiddar AQ LLC a/k/a Kiddar Aquicore LLC, as Relief Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 5, 2018 as release LR-24307. The respondents named are Todd Elliott Hitt, Kiddar Capital LLC, Kiddar Group Holdings, Inc., as Defendants, and Kiddar AQ LLC a/k/a Kiddar Aquicore LLC, as Relief Defendants (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24307" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24307" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-elliott-hitt-kiddar-capital-llc-kiddar-group-holdings-inc-as-defendants/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-owner-of-precious-metals-firm-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Owner of Precious Metals Firm (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7822-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7822-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Owner of Precious Metals Firm", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Owner of Precious Metals Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2018 as release 7822-18. The respondents named are Owner of Precious Metals Firm (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7822-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7822-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-owner-of-precious-metals-firm-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. the Bank of Nova Scotia (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7818-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7818-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-10-01", "dateResolved": "2018-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "the Bank of Nova Scotia", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the Bank of Nova Scotia, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $800,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2018 as release 7818-18. The respondents named are the Bank of Nova Scotia (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $800,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7818-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7818-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-bank-of-nova-scotia-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7814-18-insider-trading-2018", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7814-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7814-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release 7814-18. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7814-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7814-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7814-18-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-block-trade-broker-front-running-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Block Trade Broker (front running, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7811-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7811-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Block Trade Broker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running", "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Block Trade Broker, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running and insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release 7811-18. The respondents named are Block Trade Broker (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running and insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7811-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7811-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-block-trade-broker-front-running-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bryan-r-ziegenfuse-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Bryan R. Ziegenfuse (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24298", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24298", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": "2018-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bryan R. Ziegenfuse", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bryan R. Ziegenfuse, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24298. The respondents named are Bryan R. Ziegenfuse (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24298" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24298" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bryan-r-ziegenfuse-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cor-clearing-llc-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. COR Clearing, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84309", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84309.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84309.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": "2018-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "COR Clearing, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with COR Clearing, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $800,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release 34-84309. The respondents named are COR Clearing, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $800,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84309.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84309.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cor-clearing-llc-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Edward J. Kosinski (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24294", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24294", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward J. Kosinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 6, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward J. Kosinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 6 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24294. The respondents named are Edward J. Kosinski (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 6 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24294" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24294" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24299", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24299", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": "2018-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Antonio Katz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9900, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 36, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $9,900. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 36 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24299. The respondents named are Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,900. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 36 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24299" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24299" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nl-technology-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. NL Technology, LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24293", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24293", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": "2018-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "NL Technology, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 480000, "disgorgementUsd": 4500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 245726, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against NL Technology, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $480,000, disgorgement of $4.5 million, prejudgment interest of $245,726.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24293. The respondents named are NL Technology, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $480,000, disgorgement of $4.5 million, prejudgment interest of $245,726. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24293" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24293" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nl-technology-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24295", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24295", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nutra Pharma Corp. et al", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nutra Pharma Corp. et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24295. The respondents named are Nutra Pharma Corp. et al (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24295" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24295" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nutra-pharma-corp-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-carter-ronk-boiler-rooms-2018", "title": "SEC v. Thomas Carter Ronk (boiler rooms, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24297", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24297", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas Carter Ronk", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Thomas Carter Ronk, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release LR-24297. The respondents named are Thomas Carter Ronk (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24297" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24297" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-carter-ronk-boiler-rooms-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-unal-patel-and-amish-patel-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Unal Patel and Amish Patel (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84315", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84315.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84315.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-09-28", "dateResolved": "2018-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Unal Patel and Amish Patel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7321, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Unal Patel and Amish Patel, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $7,321.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2018 as release 34-84315. The respondents named are Unal Patel and Amish Patel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7,321. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84315.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84315.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-unal-patel-and-amish-patel-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-davis-ramsey-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Davis Ramsey (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7808-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7808-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-27", "dateResolved": "2018-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Davis Ramsey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 325000, "disgorgementUsd": 250636, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Davis Ramsey, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $250,636.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2018 as release 7808-18. The respondents named are Davis Ramsey (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $250,636. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7808-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7808-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-davis-ramsey-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-eleven-individuals-wash-trading-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Eleven Individuals and Five Entities (wash trading, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7807-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7807-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eleven Individuals", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Five Entities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Eleven Individuals and Five Entities, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2018 as release 7807-18. The respondents named are Eleven Individuals and Five Entities (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7807-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7807-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-eleven-individuals-wash-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-futures-trader-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Futures Trader (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7806-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7806-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-27", "dateResolved": "2018-09-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Futures Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 325000, "disgorgementUsd": 250636, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Futures Trader, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $250,636.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2018 as release 7806-18. The respondents named are Futures Trader (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $250,636. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7806-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7806-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-futures-trader-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lr-24289-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24289", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24289", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-27", "dateResolved": "2018-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2018 as release LR-24289. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24289" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24289" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lr-24289-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-earl-hayden-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Thomas Earl Hayden (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-84304", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84304.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84304.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-09-27", "dateResolved": "2018-09-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas Earl Hayden", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 197814, "disgorgementUsd": 97367, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14091, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Thomas Earl Hayden, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $197,814, disgorgement of $97,367, prejudgment interest of $14,091.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2018 as release 34-84304. The respondents named are Thomas Earl Hayden (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $197,814, disgorgement of $97,367, prejudgment interest of $14,091. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84304.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-84304.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-earl-hayden-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-adam-flavin-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Adam Flavin (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7805-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7805-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-26", "dateResolved": "2018-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Adam Flavin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Adam Flavin, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $1.3 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2018 as release 7805-18. The respondents named are Adam Flavin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and options, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7805-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7805-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-adam-flavin-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-two-commodity-traders-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Two Commodity Traders (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7804-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7804-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-26", "dateResolved": "2018-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Two Commodity Traders", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 125000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Two Commodity Traders, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $125,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2018 as release 7804-18. The respondents named are Two Commodity Traders (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and options, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $125,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7804-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7804-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-two-commodity-traders-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-mizuho-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Mizuho Bank (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7800-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7800-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-21", "dateResolved": "2018-09-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mizuho Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Mizuho Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2018 as release 7800-18. The respondents named are Mizuho Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7800-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7800-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-mizuho-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-geneva-trading-usa-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Geneva Trading USA (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7797-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7797-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-20", "dateResolved": "2018-09-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Geneva Trading USA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Geneva Trading USA, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2018 as release 7797-18. The respondents named are Geneva Trading USA (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7797-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7797-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-geneva-trading-usa-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-csir-group-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. CSIR Group, LLC, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24280", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24280", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-20", "dateResolved": "2018-09-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "CSIR Group, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against CSIR Group, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2018 as release LR-24280. The respondents named are CSIR Group, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24280" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24280" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-csir-group-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-bank-of-america-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Bank of America (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7794-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7794-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-19", "dateResolved": "2018-09-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bank of America", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 30000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Bank of America, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $30 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2018 as release 7794-18. The respondents named are Bank of America (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $30 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7794-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7794-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-bank-of-america-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-futures-trader-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Futures Trader and Trading Firm (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7796-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7796-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-19", "dateResolved": "2018-09-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Futures Trader", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1800000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Futures Trader and Trading Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.8 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2018 as release 7796-18. The respondents named are Futures Trader and Trading Firm (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7796-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7796-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-futures-trader-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-l-lapenna-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. Michael L. LaPenna (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18787", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10553.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10553.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-09-19", "dateResolved": "2018-09-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael L. LaPenna", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 22500, "disgorgementUsd": 22500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael L. LaPenna, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $22,500, disgorgement of $22,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2018 as release 3-18787. The respondents named are Michael L. LaPenna (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $22,500, disgorgement of $22,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10553.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10553.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-l-lapenna-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-icap-capital-markets-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. ICAP Capital Markets LLC (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7793-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7793-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-18", "dateResolved": "2018-09-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ICAP Capital Markets LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against ICAP Capital Markets LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $50 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2018 as release 7793-18. The respondents named are ICAP Capital Markets LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7793-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7793-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-icap-capital-markets-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ernest-j-romer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Ernest J. Romer, III (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24274", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24274", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ernest J. Romer, III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ernest J. Romer, III, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2018 as release LR-24274. The respondents named are Ernest J. Romer, III (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24274" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24274" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ernest-j-romer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-paul-waymack-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. John Paul Waymack (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24271", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24271", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Paul Waymack", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [ "KTOV" ], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Paul Waymack, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2018 as release LR-24271. The respondents named are John Paul Waymack (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with KTOV, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24271" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24271" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-paul-waymack-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rong-chen-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Rong Chen, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24269", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24269", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rong Chen, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Rong Chen, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2018 as release LR-24269. The respondents named are Rong Chen, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24269" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24269" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rong-chen-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-c-honig-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. Barry C. Honig, et al. (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24262", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24262", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry C. Honig, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 27000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Barry C. Honig, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2018 as release LR-24262. The respondents named are Barry C. Honig, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24262" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24262" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-c-honig-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-in-ovations-holdings-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24260", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24260", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "In Ovations Holdings, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Goldberg", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [ "INOH" ], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2018 as release LR-24260. The respondents named are In Ovations Holdings, Inc. and Mark Goldberg (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with INOH identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24260" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24260" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-in-ovations-holdings-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-goldman-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey Goldman and Christopher Eikenberry (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24257", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24257", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-09-05", "dateResolved": "2018-09-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey Goldman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher Eikenberry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeffrey Goldman and Christopher Eikenberry, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2018 as release LR-24257. The respondents named are Jeffrey Goldman and Christopher Eikenberry (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24257" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24257" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-goldman-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amer-deeba-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Amer Deeba (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24251", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24251", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-30", "dateResolved": "2018-08-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Amer Deeba", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 581170, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Amer Deeba, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $581,170.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2018 as release LR-24251. The respondents named are Amer Deeba (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $581,170. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24251" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24251" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amer-deeba-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kendricks-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Kendricks, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24252", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24252", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kendricks, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kendricks, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2018 as release LR-24252. The respondents named are Kendricks, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24252" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24252" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kendricks-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-bnp-paribas-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. BNP Paribas (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7776-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7776-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-29", "dateResolved": "2018-08-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BNP Paribas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 90000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against BNP Paribas, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $90 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2018 as release 7776-18. The respondents named are BNP Paribas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $90 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7776-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7776-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-bnp-paribas-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-michael-naylor-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. David Michael Naylor, CPA (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18698", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83993.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83993.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-29", "dateResolved": "2018-08-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Michael Naylor, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 18460, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David Michael Naylor, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records prejudgment interest of $18,460.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2018 as release 3-18698. The respondents named are David Michael Naylor, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $18,460. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83993.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83993.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-michael-naylor-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-delaney-equity-group-llc-delaney-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney and others (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17398", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10541.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10541.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-29", "dateResolved": "2018-08-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David C. Kass", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ian C.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "shell-factories", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 20000, "disgorgementUsd": 9270, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1510, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney, David C. Kass and Ian C., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes, shell factories and undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $20,000, disgorgement of $9,270, prejudgment interest of $1,510. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2018 as release 3-17398. The respondents named are Delaney Equity Group LLC Delaney, David C. Kass and Ian C. (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, shell factories and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $20,000, disgorgement of $9,270, prejudgment interest of $1,510. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10541.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10541.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-delaney-equity-group-llc-delaney-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Fishoff, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24245", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24245", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fishoff, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Fishoff, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2018 as release LR-24245. The respondents named are Fishoff, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24245" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24245" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gary-s-williky-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Gary S. Williky (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24244", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24244", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-23", "dateResolved": "2018-08-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gary S. Williky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1746434, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gary S. Williky, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2018 as release LR-24244. The respondents named are Gary S. Williky (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24244" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24244" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gary-s-williky-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-barry-m-kornfeld-et-al-lynette-m-robbins-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins and Knowles Systems, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24243", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-22", "dateResolved": "2018-08-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Knowles Systems, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins and Knowles Systems, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2018 as release LR-24243. The respondents named are Barry M. Kornfeld, et al., Lynette M. Robbins and Knowles Systems, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24243" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-barry-m-kornfeld-et-al-lynette-m-robbins-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-t-lentz-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. James T. Lentz (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10535", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10535.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10535.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-22", "dateResolved": "2018-08-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James T. Lentz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9115, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James T. Lentz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $9,115.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2018 as release 33-10535. The respondents named are James T. Lentz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,115. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10535.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10535.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-t-lentz-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-a-catlin-cade-iv-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. A. Catlin Cade, IV (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24240", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24240", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-21", "dateResolved": "2018-08-21", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama", "defendants": [ { "name": "A. Catlin Cade, IV", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with A. Catlin Cade, IV, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2018 as release LR-24240. The respondents named are A. Catlin Cade, IV (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24240" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24240" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-a-catlin-cade-iv-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ismail-lila-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Ismail Lila (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83896", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83896.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83896.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-21", "dateResolved": "2018-08-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ismail Lila", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 28642, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1015, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ismail Lila, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $28,642, prejudgment interest of $1,015.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2018 as release 34-83896. The respondents named are Ismail Lila (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $28,642, prejudgment interest of $1,015. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83896.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83896.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ismail-lila-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lubin-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Lubin and David (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83897", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83897.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83897.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-21", "dateResolved": "2018-08-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lubin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lubin and David, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2018 as release 34-83897. The respondents named are Lubin and David (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83897.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83897.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lubin-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-citigroup-global-markets-inc-and-citigroup-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-20", "title": "SEC v. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citigroup Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18647", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83859.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83859.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-16", "dateResolved": "2018-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citigroup Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citigroup Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2018 as release 3-18647. The respondents named are Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citigroup Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83859.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83859.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-citigroup-global-markets-inc-and-citigroup-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-20/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-honglan-wang-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Honglan Wang (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83857", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83857.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83857.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-16", "dateResolved": "2018-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Honglan Wang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 134000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Honglan Wang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $134,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2018 as release 34-83857. The respondents named are Honglan Wang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $134,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83857.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83857.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-honglan-wang-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lauren-zarsky-cpa-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Lauren Zarsky, CPA (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18644", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83854.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83854.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-15", "dateResolved": "2018-08-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lauren Zarsky, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 19440, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lauren Zarsky, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $19,440.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2018 as release 3-18644. The respondents named are Lauren Zarsky, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $19,440. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83854.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83854.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lauren-zarsky-cpa-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tomahawk-exploration-llc-and-david-thompson-laurance-reverse-merger-schemes-", "title": "SEC v. Tomahawk Exploration LLC and David Thompson Laurance (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18641", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10530.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10530.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-14", "dateResolved": "2018-08-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tomahawk Exploration LLC and David Thompson Laurance", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 30000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tomahawk Exploration LLC and David Thompson Laurance, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $30,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 14, 2018 as release 3-18641. The respondents named are Tomahawk Exploration LLC and David Thompson Laurance (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $30,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10530.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10530.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tomahawk-exploration-llc-and-david-thompson-laurance-reverse-merger-schemes-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexander-charles-white-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Alexander Charles White and Paul Douglas Vandivier (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24234", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24234", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexander Charles White", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paul Douglas Vandivier", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Alexander Charles White and Paul Douglas Vandivier, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2018 as release LR-24234. The respondents named are Alexander Charles White and Paul Douglas Vandivier (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24234" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24234" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexander-charles-white-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chad-anthony-lewis-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Chad Anthony Lewis (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24233", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24233", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-13", "dateResolved": "2018-08-13", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Chad Anthony Lewis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Chad Anthony Lewis, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2018 as release LR-24233. The respondents named are Chad Anthony Lewis (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24233" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24233" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chad-anthony-lewis-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-collins-et-al-lauren-zarksy-dorothy-zarsky-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Collins, et al., Lauren Zarksy, Dorothy Zarsky (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24231", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24231", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-10", "dateResolved": "2018-08-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Collins, et al., Lauren Zarksy, Dorothy Zarsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 19440, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher Collins, et al., Lauren Zarksy, Dorothy Zarsky, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2018 as release LR-24231. The respondents named are Christopher Collins, et al., Lauren Zarksy, Dorothy Zarsky (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24231" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24231" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-collins-et-al-lauren-zarksy-dorothy-zarsky-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-c-maccoll-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. John C. Maccoll (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24230", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24230", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John C. Maccoll", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John C. Maccoll, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 9, 2018 as release LR-24230. The respondents named are John C. Maccoll (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24230" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24230" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-c-maccoll-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arthur-lamar-adams-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Arthur Lamar Adams and Madison Timber Properties, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24228", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24228", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi", "defendants": [ { "name": "Arthur Lamar Adams", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Madison Timber Properties, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Arthur Lamar Adams and Madison Timber Properties, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2018 as release LR-24228. The respondents named are Arthur Lamar Adams and Madison Timber Properties, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Mississippi.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24228" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24228" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arthur-lamar-adams-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-m-fitzpatrick-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Daniel M. Fitzpatrick, CPA (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18631", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83806.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83806.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-08", "dateResolved": "2018-08-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel M. Fitzpatrick, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel M. Fitzpatrick, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2018 as release 3-18631. The respondents named are Daniel M. Fitzpatrick, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83806.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83806.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-m-fitzpatrick-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-m-modany-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Kevin M. Modany, CPA (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18630", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83805.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83805.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-08", "dateResolved": "2018-08-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin M. Modany, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kevin M. Modany, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2018 as release 3-18630. The respondents named are Kevin M. Modany, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83805.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83805.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-m-modany-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-salvadore-d-palermo-wash-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Salvadore D. Palermo (wash trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24229", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24229", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Salvadore D. Palermo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Salvadore D. Palermo, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2018 as release LR-24229. The respondents named are Salvadore D. Palermo (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24229" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24229" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-salvadore-d-palermo-wash-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aaron-r-smith-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Aaron R. Smith (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83795", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83795.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83795.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-07", "dateResolved": "2018-08-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aaron R. Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 41000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 40578, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3205, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Aaron R. Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $40,578, prejudgment interest of $3,205.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 7, 2018 as release 34-83795. The respondents named are Aaron R. Smith (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $40,578, prejudgment interest of $3,205. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83795.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83795.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aaron-r-smith-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-murakami-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Murakami, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24226", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24226", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-06", "dateResolved": "2018-08-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Murakami, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7900000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 72, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Murakami, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $7.9 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 72 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2018 as release LR-24226. The respondents named are Murakami, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 72 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24226" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24226" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-murakami-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fei-yan-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Fei Yan, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24225", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24225", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-03", "dateResolved": "2018-08-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Fei Yan, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 119429, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Fei Yan, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $119,429. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2018 as release LR-24225. The respondents named are Fei Yan, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $119,429. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24225" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24225" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fei-yan-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kurt-j-bordian-cpa-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Kurt J. Bordian, CPA (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18621", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83772.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83772.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-08-03", "dateResolved": "2018-08-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kurt J. Bordian, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 220500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14358, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Kurt J. Bordian, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $220,500, prejudgment interest of $14,358.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2018 as release 3-18621. The respondents named are Kurt J. Bordian, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $220,500, prejudgment interest of $14,358. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83772.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83772.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kurt-j-bordian-cpa-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lozuk-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Lozuk (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24222", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24222", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-01", "dateResolved": "2018-08-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lozuk", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 26643, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lozuk, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2018 as release LR-24222. The respondents named are Lozuk (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24222" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24222" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lozuk-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-madan-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Madan (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24221", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24221", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-08-01", "dateResolved": "2018-08-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Madan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 14023, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Madan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $14,023.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2018 as release LR-24221. The respondents named are Madan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $14,023. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-08-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24221" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24221" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-madan-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fred-tinker-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Fred Tinker (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83742", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83742.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83742.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-31", "dateResolved": "2018-07-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fred Tinker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 89172, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 8507, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Fred Tinker, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $8,507.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2018 as release 34-83742. The respondents named are Fred Tinker (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $8,507. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83742.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83742.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fred-tinker-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-howard-m-appel-matched-orders-2018", "title": "SEC v. Howard M. Appel (matched orders, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24219", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24219", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-30", "dateResolved": "2018-07-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Howard M. Appel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Howard M. Appel, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2018 as release LR-24219. The respondents named are Howard M. Appel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24219" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24219" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-howard-m-appel-matched-orders-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-gadimian-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Robert Gadimian (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24217", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24217", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-26", "dateResolved": "2018-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Gadimian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1161000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1161000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 27, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Gadimian, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 27 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2018 as release LR-24217. The respondents named are Robert Gadimian (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 27 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24217" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24217" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-gadimian-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rudden-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Rudden, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24216", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24216", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rudden, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Rudden, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2018 as release LR-24216. The respondents named are Rudden, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24216" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24216" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rudden-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-t-cunniffe-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Richard T. Cunniffe (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24215", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24215", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-25", "dateResolved": "2018-07-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard T. Cunniffe", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1100000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard T. Cunniffe, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2018 as release LR-24215. The respondents named are Richard T. Cunniffe (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24215" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24215" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-t-cunniffe-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-brunstrum-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Matthew Brunstrum and Susan Brunstrum (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24212", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24212", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-24", "dateResolved": "2018-07-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew Brunstrum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Susan Brunstrum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Matthew Brunstrum and Susan Brunstrum, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 24, 2018 as release LR-24212. The respondents named are Matthew Brunstrum and Susan Brunstrum (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24212" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24212" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-brunstrum-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yao-li-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Yao Li (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18614", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10525.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10525.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-24", "dateResolved": "2018-07-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yao Li", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 120124, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 196203, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 23062, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Yao Li, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $196,203, prejudgment interest of $23,062.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 24, 2018 as release 3-18614. The respondents named are Yao Li (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $196,203, prejudgment interest of $23,062. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10525.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10525.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yao-li-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mizuho-securities-usa-llc-front-running-2018", "title": "SEC v. Mizuho Securities USA LLC (front running, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83685", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83685.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83685.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-23", "dateResolved": "2018-07-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mizuho Securities USA LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running", "insider-trading", "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mizuho Securities USA LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running, insider trading and newsletter scalping. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2018 as release 34-83685. The respondents named are Mizuho Securities USA LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, insider trading and newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83685.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83685.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mizuho-securities-usa-llc-front-running-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sycamore-lane-partners-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. Sycamore Lane Partners LLC (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83686", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83686.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83686.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-23", "dateResolved": "2018-07-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sycamore Lane Partners LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000, "disgorgementUsd": 100429, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 8613, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sycamore Lane Partners LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $100,429, prejudgment interest of $8,613.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2018 as release 34-83686. The respondents named are Sycamore Lane Partners LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $100,429, prejudgment interest of $8,613. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83686.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83686.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sycamore-lane-partners-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deutsche-bank-trust-company-americas-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10523", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10523.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10523.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-20", "dateResolved": "2018-07-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 44458001, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6597827, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $44.5 million, prejudgment interest of $6.6 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2018 as release 33-10523. The respondents named are Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $44.5 million, prejudgment interest of $6.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10523.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10523.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deutsche-bank-trust-company-americas-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jay-c-lake-cpa-shell-factories-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jay C. Lake, CPA (shell factories, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18602", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10519.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10519.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-17", "dateResolved": "2018-07-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jay C. Lake, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1621, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jay C. Lake, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories. The release records disgorgement of $10,500, prejudgment interest of $1,621.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2018 as release 3-18602. The respondents named are Jay C. Lake, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,500, prejudgment interest of $1,621. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10519.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10519.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jay-c-lake-cpa-shell-factories-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-e-burns-robert-w-murray-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "SEC v. Mark E. Burns, Robert W. Murray (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24204", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24204", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-17", "dateResolved": "2018-07-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark E. Burns, Robert W. Murray", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mark E. Burns, Robert W. Murray, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 17, 2018 as release LR-24204. The respondents named are Mark E. Burns, Robert W. Murray (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24204" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24204" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-e-burns-robert-w-murray-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gannon-giguiere-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Gannon Giguiere et al. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24201", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24201", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gannon Giguiere et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gannon Giguiere et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 16, 2018 as release LR-24201. The respondents named are Gannon Giguiere et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24201" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24201" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gannon-giguiere-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-commodity-trading-firm-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Commodity Trading Firm (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7754-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7754-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-12", "dateResolved": "2018-07-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Commodity Trading Firm", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Commodity Trading Firm, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $3.4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2018 as release 7754-18. The respondents named are Commodity Trading Firm (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and options, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7754-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7754-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-commodity-trading-firm-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pawel-p-dynkowski-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. Pawel P. Dynkowski, et al. (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24197", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24197", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-12", "dateResolved": "2018-07-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Delaware", "defendants": [ { "name": "Pawel P. Dynkowski, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 26000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Pawel P. Dynkowski, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $26,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2018 as release LR-24197. The respondents named are Pawel P. Dynkowski, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $26,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24197" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24197" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pawel-p-dynkowski-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-gilbertson-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Ryan Gilbertson, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24198", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24198", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan Gilbertson, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ryan Gilbertson, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2018 as release LR-24198. The respondents named are Ryan Gilbertson, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24198" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24198" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-gilbertson-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gene-shen-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Gene Shen (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24194", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24194", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-10", "dateResolved": "2018-07-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gene Shen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 40622, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4228, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Gene Shen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $40,622, prejudgment interest of $4,228.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2018 as release LR-24194. The respondents named are Gene Shen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $40,622, prejudgment interest of $4,228. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24194" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24194" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gene-shen-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-c-woodard-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Matthew C. Woodard (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18581", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83611.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83611.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-10", "dateResolved": "2018-07-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew C. Woodard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Matthew C. Woodard, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2018 as release 3-18581. The respondents named are Matthew C. Woodard (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83611.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83611.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-c-woodard-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-roger-s-zullo-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Roger S. Zullo (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18575", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83603.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83603.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-07-06", "dateResolved": "2018-07-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Roger S. Zullo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1875348, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Roger S. Zullo, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $1.9 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2018 as release 3-18575. The respondents named are Roger S. Zullo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83603.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83603.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-roger-s-zullo-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-molina-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Molina (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24186", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24186", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-05", "dateResolved": "2018-07-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Molina", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 39230, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Molina, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $39,230.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 5, 2018 as release LR-24186. The respondents named are Molina (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $39,230. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24186" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24186" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-molina-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-lee-moody-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Edward Lee Moody Jr., et. al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24184", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24184", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Lee Moody Jr., et. al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 4950000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward Lee Moody Jr., et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 3, 2018 as release LR-24184. The respondents named are Edward Lee Moody Jr., et. al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24184" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24184" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-lee-moody-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sudhakar-reddy-bonthu-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Sudhakar Reddy Bonthu (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24183", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24183", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-07-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sudhakar Reddy Bonthu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sudhakar Reddy Bonthu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 2, 2018 as release LR-24183. The respondents named are Sudhakar Reddy Bonthu (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-07-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24183" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24183" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sudhakar-reddy-bonthu-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alexander-capital-l-p-churning-2018", "title": "SEC v. Alexander Capital, L.P. (churning, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83562", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83562.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83562.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-06-29", "dateResolved": "2018-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alexander Capital, L.P.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 193775, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alexander Capital, L.P., alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $193,775.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2018 as release 34-83562. The respondents named are Alexander Capital, L.P. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $193,775. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83562.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83562.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alexander-capital-l-p-churning-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bayes-capital-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2018", "title": "SEC v. Bayes Capital, LLC (naked short selling debate, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83556", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83556.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83556.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-06-28", "dateResolved": "2018-06-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bayes Capital, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Bayes Capital, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 28, 2018 as release 34-83556. The respondents named are Bayes Capital, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83556.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83556.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bayes-capital-llc-naked-short-selling-debate-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-vanblaricum-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. James VanBlaricum, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24176", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24176", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-26", "dateResolved": "2018-06-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James VanBlaricum, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 33000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James VanBlaricum, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $33,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2018 as release LR-24176. The respondents named are James VanBlaricum, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $33,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24176" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24176" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-vanblaricum-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-weed-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Richard Weed et al. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24175", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24175", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Weed et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 48, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Richard Weed et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 48 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2018 as release LR-24175. The respondents named are Richard Weed et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 48 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24175" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24175" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-weed-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-e-hocker-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. James E. Hocker (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24173", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24173", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "James E. Hocker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James E. Hocker, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2018 as release LR-24173. The respondents named are James E. Hocker (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24173" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24173" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-e-hocker-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-a-fiore-berkshire-capital-management-company-inc-newsletter-scalping-", "title": "SEC v. Joseph A. Fiore, Berkshire Capital Management Company, Inc., and Eat at Joe's, Ltd. (n/k/a SPYR, Inc.) (newsletter scalping, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24171", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24171", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph A. Fiore, Berkshire Capital Management Company, Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Eat at Joe's, Ltd. (n/k/a SPYR, Inc.)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 11000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph A. Fiore, Berkshire Capital Management Company, Inc., and Eat at Joe's, Ltd. (n/k/a SPYR, Inc.), alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2018 as release LR-24171. The respondents named are Joseph A. Fiore, Berkshire Capital Management Company, Inc., and Eat at Joe's, Ltd. (n/k/a SPYR, Inc.) (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24171" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24171" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-a-fiore-berkshire-capital-management-company-inc-newsletter-scalping-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-santillo-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Santillo, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24172", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Santillo, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Santillo, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2018 as release LR-24172. The respondents named are Santillo, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24172" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24172" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-santillo-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jpmorgan-chase-bank-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7742-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7742-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-18", "dateResolved": "2018-06-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "JPMorgan Chase Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 65000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against JPMorgan Chase Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $65 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2018 as release 7742-18. The respondents named are JPMorgan Chase Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $65 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7742-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7742-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jpmorgan-chase-bank-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-m-morano-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Robert M. Morano (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24163", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24163", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-11", "dateResolved": "2018-06-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Oregon", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert M. Morano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 38000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 38242, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert M. Morano, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $38,242.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2018 as release LR-24163. The respondents named are Robert M. Morano (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Oregon.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $38,242. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24163" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24163" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-m-morano-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand, et al. (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24159", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24159", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jehu Hand, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2018 as release LR-24159. The respondents named are Jehu Hand, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24159" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24159" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-et-al-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ralph-t-iannelli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Ralph T. Iannelli et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24158", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24158", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ralph T. Iannelli et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ralph T. Iannelli et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2018 as release LR-24158. The respondents named are Ralph T. Iannelli et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24158" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24158" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ralph-t-iannelli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-societe-generale-s-a-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Société Générale S.A. (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7736-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7736-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-06-04", "dateResolved": "2018-06-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Société Générale S.A.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 475000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Société Générale S.A., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $475 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 4, 2018 as release 7736-18. The respondents named are Société Générale S.A. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $475 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-06-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7736-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7736-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-societe-generale-s-a-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kon-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Kon and Alexander (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17674", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10501.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10501.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-29", "dateResolved": "2018-05-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Alexander", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 20000, "disgorgementUsd": 25000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kon and Alexander, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $20,000, disgorgement of $25,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 29, 2018 as release 3-17674. The respondents named are Kon and Alexander (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $20,000, disgorgement of $25,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10501.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10501.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kon-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adam-s-tracy-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Adam S. Tracy, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83304", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83304.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83304.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-23", "dateResolved": "2018-05-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Adam S. Tracy, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Adam S. Tracy, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 23, 2018 as release 34-83304. The respondents named are Adam S. Tracy, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83304.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83304.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adam-s-tracy-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-david-alpert-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Todd David Alpert (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24145", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24145", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-18", "dateResolved": "2018-05-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd David Alpert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 43873, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1627, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Todd David Alpert, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $1,627.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 18, 2018 as release LR-24145. The respondents named are Todd David Alpert (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $1,627. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24145" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24145" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-david-alpert-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-manhattan-transfer-registrar-company-and-john-c-ahearn-reverse-merger-scheme", "title": "SEC v. Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company and John C. Ahearn (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18491", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10497.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10497.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-17", "dateResolved": "2018-05-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company and John C. Ahearn", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2133, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company and John C. Ahearn, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $2,133.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 17, 2018 as release 3-18491. The respondents named are Manhattan Transfer Registrar Company and John C. Ahearn (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2,133. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10497.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10497.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-manhattan-transfer-registrar-company-and-john-c-ahearn-reverse-merger-scheme/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chardan-capital-markets-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83251", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83251.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83251.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-16", "dateResolved": "2018-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chardan Capital Markets, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Chardan Capital Markets, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2018 as release 34-83251. The respondents named are Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83251.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83251.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chardan-capital-markets-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jerard-basmagy-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jerard Basmagy (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83252", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83252.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83252.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-16", "dateResolved": "2018-05-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jerard Basmagy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jerard Basmagy, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $15,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2018 as release 34-83252. The respondents named are Jerard Basmagy (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83252.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83252.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jerard-basmagy-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-keith-houlihan-boiler-rooms-2018", "title": "SEC v. Keith Houlihan (boiler rooms, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24137", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24137", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-09", "dateResolved": "2018-05-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Keith Houlihan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 111, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Keith Houlihan, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 111 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2018 as release LR-24137. The respondents named are Keith Houlihan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 111 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24137" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24137" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-keith-houlihan-boiler-rooms-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-alcibiades-cifuentes-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Alcibiades Cifuentes (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7724-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7724-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-08", "dateResolved": "2018-05-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alcibiades Cifuentes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1770000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Alcibiades Cifuentes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 8, 2018 as release 7724-18. The respondents named are Alcibiades Cifuentes (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7724-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7724-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-alcibiades-cifuentes-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-visium-asset-management-lp-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Visium Asset Management, LP (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18473", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10494.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10494.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-05-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Visium Asset Management, LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 7000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4755223, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Visium Asset Management, LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $4.8 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 8, 2018 as release 3-18473. The respondents named are Visium Asset Management, LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10494.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10494.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-visium-asset-management-lp-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bovorn-rungruangnavarat-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Bovorn Rungruangnavarat (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24136", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24136", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-07", "dateResolved": "2018-05-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bovorn Rungruangnavarat", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3800000, "penaltyUsd": 2000000, "disgorgementUsd": 3200000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Bovorn Rungruangnavarat, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $2 million, disgorgement of $3.2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 7, 2018 as release LR-24136. The respondents named are Bovorn Rungruangnavarat (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2 million, disgorgement of $3.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24136" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24136" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bovorn-rungruangnavarat-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-a-zimliki-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. David A. Zimliki and Russel P. Schiefer (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24134", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24134", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-04", "dateResolved": "2018-05-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "David A. Zimliki", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Russel P. Schiefer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 9319, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David A. Zimliki and Russel P. Schiefer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 4, 2018 as release LR-24134. The respondents named are David A. Zimliki and Russel P. Schiefer (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24134" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24134" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-a-zimliki-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eddy-u-marin-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Eddy U. Marin and Shane R. Spierdowis (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24127", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24127", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-02", "dateResolved": "2018-05-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eddy U. Marin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shane R. Spierdowis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eddy U. Marin and Shane R. Spierdowis, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2018 as release LR-24127. The respondents named are Eddy U. Marin and Shane R. Spierdowis (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24127" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24127" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eddy-u-marin-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-small-business-capital-corp-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Small Business Capital Corp. and others (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24128", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24128", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-05-02", "dateResolved": "2018-05-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Small Business Capital Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Mark Feathers", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Investors Prime Fund, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "SBC Portfolio Fund, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Small Business Capital Corp., Mark Feathers, Investors Prime Fund, LLC and SBC Portfolio Fund, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2018 as release LR-24128. The respondents named are Small Business Capital Corp., Mark Feathers, Investors Prime Fund, LLC and SBC Portfolio Fund, LLC (1 individual, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-05-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24128" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24128" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-small-business-capital-corp-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-charles-h-mcallister-of-alabama-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Charles H. McAllister of Alabama (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7720-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7720-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles H. McAllister of Alabama", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Charles H. McAllister of Alabama, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2018 as release 7720-18. The respondents named are Charles H. McAllister of Alabama (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7720-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7720-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-charles-h-mcallister-of-alabama-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-glencore-agriculture-b-v-wash-trading-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Glencore Agriculture B.V. and Glencore Ltd. (wash trading, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7721-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7721-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-30", "dateResolved": "2018-04-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Glencore Agriculture B.V.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Glencore Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Glencore Agriculture B.V. and Glencore Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $2 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2018 as release 7721-18. The respondents named are Glencore Agriculture B.V. and Glencore Ltd. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7721-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7721-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-glencore-agriculture-b-v-wash-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24123", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24123", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-30", "dateResolved": "2018-04-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher R. Esposito, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 22500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher R. Esposito, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $22,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2018 as release LR-24123. The respondents named are Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $22,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24123" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24123" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diane-j-harrison-et-al-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. Diane J. Harrison, et al. (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24122", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24122", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-30", "dateResolved": "2018-04-30", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Diane J. Harrison, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Diane J. Harrison, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2018 as release LR-24122. The respondents named are Diane J. Harrison, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24122" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24122" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diane-j-harrison-et-al-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-t-walters-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. William T. Walters, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24125", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24125", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "William T. Walters, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 19004429, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against William T. Walters, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $19.0 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2018 as release LR-24125. The respondents named are William T. Walters, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $19.0 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24125" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24125" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-t-walters-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-af-ocean-investment-management-company-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. AF Ocean Investment Management Company (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18452", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10488.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10488.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-04-25", "dateResolved": "2018-04-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "AF Ocean Investment Management Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with AF Ocean Investment Management Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 25, 2018 as release 3-18452. The respondents named are AF Ocean Investment Management Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10488.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10488.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-af-ocean-investment-management-company-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andy-z-fan-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. Andy Z. Fan (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18451", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10487.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10487.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-04-25", "dateResolved": "2018-04-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andy Z. Fan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "matched-orders", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Andy Z. Fan, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases, matched orders and reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 25, 2018 as release 3-18451. The respondents named are Andy Z. Fan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, matched orders and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10487.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10487.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andy-z-fan-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chinamerica-andy-movie-entertainment-media-company-reverse-merger-schemes-20", "title": "SEC v. ChinAmerica Andy Movie Entertainment Media Company (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18453", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10489.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10489.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-04-25", "dateResolved": "2018-04-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ChinAmerica Andy Movie Entertainment Media Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ChinAmerica Andy Movie Entertainment Media Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 25, 2018 as release 3-18453. The respondents named are ChinAmerica Andy Movie Entertainment Media Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10489.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10489.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chinamerica-andy-movie-entertainment-media-company-reverse-merger-schemes-20/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Scott Newsholme (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24120", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24120", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-23", "dateResolved": "2018-04-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott Newsholme", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Scott Newsholme, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2018 as release LR-24120. The respondents named are Scott Newsholme (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24120" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24120" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amrit-j-s-chahal-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Amrit J. S. Chahal (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24114", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24114", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Amrit J. S. Chahal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Amrit J. S. Chahal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2018 as release LR-24114. The respondents named are Amrit J. S. Chahal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24114" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24114" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amrit-j-s-chahal-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-nelson-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Douglas Nelson (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-83053", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83053.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83053.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-04-16", "dateResolved": "2018-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas Nelson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15142, "disgorgementUsd": 15142, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1740, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Douglas Nelson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $15,142, disgorgement of $15,142, prejudgment interest of $1,740.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2018 as release 34-83053. The respondents named are Douglas Nelson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15,142, disgorgement of $15,142, prejudgment interest of $1,740. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83053.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-83053.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-nelson-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-j-kandelapas-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Andrew J. Kandelapas (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24111", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24111", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-13", "dateResolved": "2018-04-13", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew J. Kandelapas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 240000, "disgorgementUsd": 232925, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Andrew J. Kandelapas, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $240,000, disgorgement of $232,925.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 13, 2018 as release LR-24111. The respondents named are Andrew J. Kandelapas (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $240,000, disgorgement of $232,925. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24111" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24111" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-j-kandelapas-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-kane-capital-investment-group-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "CFTC v. The Kane Capital Investment Group (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7712-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7712-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia", "defendants": [ { "name": "The Kane Capital Investment Group", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against The Kane Capital Investment Group, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 12, 2018 as release 7712-18. The respondents named are The Kane Capital Investment Group (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Virginia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities and futures, with NYMEX, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7712-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7712-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-kane-capital-investment-group-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wellness-center-usa-inc-fake-press-releases-2018", "title": "SEC v. Wellness Center USA, Inc. (fake press releases, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18435", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10481.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10481.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-04-12", "dateResolved": "2018-04-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wellness Center USA, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wellness Center USA, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 12, 2018 as release 3-18435. The respondents named are Wellness Center USA, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10481.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10481.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wellness-center-usa-inc-fake-press-releases-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-c-gennity-churning-2018", "title": "SEC v. William C. Gennity and Rocco Roveccio (churning, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24108", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24108", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-11", "dateResolved": "2018-04-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William C. Gennity", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rocco Roveccio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 225359, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William C. Gennity and Rocco Roveccio, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $225,359.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2018 as release LR-24108. The respondents named are William C. Gennity and Rocco Roveccio (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $225,359. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24108" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24108" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-c-gennity-churning-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-lifepay-group-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. The Lifepay Group, LLC, et. al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24107", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24107", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Lifepay Group, LLC, et. al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against The Lifepay Group, LLC, et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2018 as release LR-24107. The respondents named are The Lifepay Group, LLC, et. al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24107" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24107" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-lifepay-group-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-floor-broker-anuj-c-singhal-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Floor Broker Anuj C. Singhal (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7709-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7709-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-09", "dateResolved": "2018-04-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Floor Broker Anuj C. Singhal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Floor Broker Anuj C. Singhal, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2018 as release 7709-18. The respondents named are Floor Broker Anuj C. Singhal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7709-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7709-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-floor-broker-anuj-c-singhal-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-amc-holdings-llc-boiler-rooms-2018", "title": "SEC v. AMC Holdings, LLC (boiler rooms, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24098", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24098", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "AMC Holdings, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against AMC Holdings, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2018 as release LR-24098. The respondents named are AMC Holdings, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24098" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24098" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-amc-holdings-llc-boiler-rooms-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-meli-et-al-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Meli, et al., Craig H. Carton, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24099", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24099", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Meli, et al., Craig H. Carton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph Meli, et al., Craig H. Carton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2018 as release LR-24099. The respondents named are Joseph Meli, et al., Craig H. Carton, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24099" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24099" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-meli-et-al-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-saverio-j-barbera-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Saverio J. Barbera (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24104", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24104", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-05", "dateResolved": "2018-04-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Saverio J. Barbera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Saverio J. Barbera, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2018 as release LR-24104. The respondents named are Saverio J. Barbera (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24104" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24104" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-saverio-j-barbera-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-james-lollar-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Christopher James Lollar (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24096", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24096", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-04", "dateResolved": "2018-04-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher James Lollar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 214295, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher James Lollar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $214,295.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2018 as release LR-24096. The respondents named are Christopher James Lollar (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $214,295. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24096" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24096" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-james-lollar-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-scronic-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Michael Scronic (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24094", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24094", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Scronic", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael Scronic, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2018 as release LR-24094. The respondents named are Michael Scronic (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24094" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24094" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-scronic-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shane-p-fleming-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Shane P. Fleming, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24095", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24095", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shane P. Fleming, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 866209, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Shane P. Fleming, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 4, 2018 as release LR-24095. The respondents named are Shane P. Fleming, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24095" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24095" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shane-p-fleming-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sohrab-sam-sharma-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Sohrab (\"Sam\") Sharma and Robert Farkas (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24090", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24090", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-04-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sohrab (\"Sam\") Sharma", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Farkas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sohrab (\"Sam\") Sharma and Robert Farkas, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 2, 2018 as release LR-24090. The respondents named are Sohrab (\"Sam\") Sharma and Robert Farkas (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-04-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24090" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24090" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sohrab-sam-sharma-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aegis-capital-corporation-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Aegis Capital Corporation (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82956", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82956.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82956.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-03-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aegis Capital Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Aegis Capital Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 28, 2018 as release 34-82956. The respondents named are Aegis Capital Corporation (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82956.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82956.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aegis-capital-corporation-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-terracciano-paid-stock-promotion-2018", "title": "SEC v. Terracciano and Eugene (paid stock promotion, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82958", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82958.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82958.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-03-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Terracciano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Eugene", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Terracciano and Eugene, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 28, 2018 as release 34-82958. The respondents named are Terracciano and Eugene (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82958.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82958.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-terracciano-paid-stock-promotion-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-timary-delorme-pump-and-dump-2018", "title": "SEC v. Timary Delorme (pump and dump, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82953", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82953.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82953.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-03-27", "dateResolved": "2018-03-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Timary Delorme", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Timary Delorme, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2018 as release 34-82953. The respondents named are Timary Delorme (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82953.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82953.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-timary-delorme-pump-and-dump-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-spera-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Spera, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24084", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24084", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Spera, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 5500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph Spera, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 26, 2018 as release LR-24084. The respondents named are Joseph Spera, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24084" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24084" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-spera-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jon-e-montroll-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jon E. Montroll and Bitfunder (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24078", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24078", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jon E. Montroll", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bitfunder", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jon E. Montroll and Bitfunder, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2018 as release LR-24078. The respondents named are Jon E. Montroll and Bitfunder (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24078" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24078" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jon-e-montroll-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-spark-trading-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Spark Trading Group LLC and Niket Shah (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24080", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24080", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Spark Trading Group LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Niket Shah", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Spark Trading Group LLC and Niket Shah, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2018 as release LR-24080. The respondents named are Spark Trading Group LLC and Niket Shah (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24080" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24080" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-spark-trading-group-llc-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jun-ying-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jun Ying (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24073", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24073", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jun Ying", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jun Ying, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2018 as release LR-24073. The respondents named are Jun Ying (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24073" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24073" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jun-ying-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-metro-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Steven Metro (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24070", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24070", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Metro", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Steven Metro, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 19, 2018 as release LR-24070. The respondents named are Steven Metro (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24070" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24070" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-metro-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-beaufort-securities-ltd-matched-orders-2018", "title": "SEC v. Beaufort Securities Ltd. and others (matched orders, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24067", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24067", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-03-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Beaufort Securities Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Panayiotis Kyriacou a/k/a Peter Kyriacou", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dennis J. Mancino, William T. Hirschy, DJK Investments 10 Inc., TJM Investments Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "WT Consulting Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Beaufort Securities Ltd., Panayiotis Kyriacou a/k/a Peter Kyriacou, Dennis J. Mancino, William T. Hirschy, DJK Investments 10 Inc., TJM Investments Inc., and WT Consulting Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2018 as release LR-24067. The respondents named are Beaufort Securities Ltd., Panayiotis Kyriacou a/k/a Peter Kyriacou, Dennis J. Mancino, William T. Hirschy, DJK Investments 10 Inc., TJM Investments Inc., and WT Consulting Group, LLC (1 individual, 3 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24067" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24067" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-beaufort-securities-ltd-matched-orders-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-merrill-lynch-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. Merrill Lynch and Pierce and Fenner & Smith Incorporated (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18392", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10465.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10465.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-03-08", "dateResolved": "2018-03-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Merrill Lynch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Pierce and Fenner & Smith Incorporated", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 127545, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 27340, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Merrill Lynch and Pierce and Fenner & Smith Incorporated, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $127,545, prejudgment interest of $27,340.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 8, 2018 as release 3-18392. The respondents named are Merrill Lynch and Pierce and Fenner & Smith Incorporated (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $127,545, prejudgment interest of $27,340. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10465.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10465.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-merrill-lynch-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-new-york-stock-exchange-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "SEC v. New York Stock Exchange LLC and NYSE American LLC and NYSE Arca, Inc. (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18388", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10463.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10463.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-03-06", "dateResolved": "2018-03-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Stock Exchange LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "NYSE American LLC and NYSE Arca, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with New York Stock Exchange LLC and NYSE American LLC and NYSE Arca, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2018 as release 3-18388. The respondents named are New York Stock Exchange LLC and NYSE American LLC and NYSE Arca, Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-03-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10463.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/33-10463.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-new-york-stock-exchange-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ameratex-energy-inc-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018", "title": "SEC v. AmeraTex Energy, Inc., et al (unregistered distributions, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24057", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24057", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "AmeraTex Energy, Inc., et al", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against AmeraTex Energy, Inc., et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2018 as release LR-24057. The respondents named are AmeraTex Energy, Inc., et al (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24057" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24057" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ameratex-energy-inc-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-analytica-bio-energy-corp-et-al-marvin-winick-undisclosed-control-blocks-201", "title": "SEC v. Analytica Bio-Energy Corp., et al., Marvin Winick (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24058", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24058", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-28", "dateResolved": "2018-02-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Analytica Bio-Energy Corp., et al., Marvin Winick", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Analytica Bio-Energy Corp., et al., Marvin Winick, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2018 as release LR-24058. The respondents named are Analytica Bio-Energy Corp., et al., Marvin Winick (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24058" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24058" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-analytica-bio-energy-corp-et-al-marvin-winick-undisclosed-control-blocks-201/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yang-xie-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Yang Xie (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24056", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24056", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-28", "dateResolved": "2018-02-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yang Xie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 6681, "disgorgementUsd": 2287, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Yang Xie, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $6,681, disgorgement of $2,287. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2018 as release LR-24056. The respondents named are Yang Xie (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $6,681, disgorgement of $2,287. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24056" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24056" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yang-xie-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alan-weinberg-cpa-and-weinberg-baer-llc-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Alan Weinberg, CPA and Weinberg & Baer LLC (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18376", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82744.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82744.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-02-21", "dateResolved": "2018-02-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alan Weinberg, CPA and Weinberg & Baer LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Alan Weinberg, CPA and Weinberg & Baer LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 21, 2018 as release 3-18376. The respondents named are Alan Weinberg, CPA and Weinberg & Baer LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82744.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82744.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alan-weinberg-cpa-and-weinberg-baer-llc-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jonathan-strum-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Jonathan Strum, Esq. (reverse merger schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82743", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82743.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82743.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-02-21", "dateResolved": "2018-02-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jonathan Strum, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jonathan Strum, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 21, 2018 as release 34-82743. The respondents named are Jonathan Strum, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82743.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82743.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jonathan-strum-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-mcphail-et-al-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Eric McPhail, et al. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24053", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24053", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-20", "dateResolved": "2018-02-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric McPhail, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 191521, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 41841, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 18, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eric McPhail, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $191,521, prejudgment interest of $41,841. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 18 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 20, 2018 as release LR-24053. The respondents named are Eric McPhail, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $191,521, prejudgment interest of $41,841. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 18 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24053" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24053" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-mcphail-et-al-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ara-chackerian-insider-trading-2018", "title": "SEC v. Ara Chackerian (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82694", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82694.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82694.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-02-12", "dateResolved": "2018-02-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ara Chackerian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 157208, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ara Chackerian, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $157,208.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 12, 2018 as release 34-82694. The respondents named are Ara Chackerian (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $157,208. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82694.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82694.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ara-chackerian-insider-trading-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-geoffrey-h-lunn-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. Geoffrey H. Lunn, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24043", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24043", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-12", "dateResolved": "2018-02-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Geoffrey H. Lunn, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Geoffrey H. Lunn, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 12, 2018 as release LR-24043. The respondents named are Geoffrey H. Lunn, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24043" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24043" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-geoffrey-h-lunn-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-h-wilson-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018", "title": "SEC v. Andrew H. Wilson, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82632", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82632.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82632.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-02-05", "dateResolved": "2018-02-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew H. Wilson, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew H. Wilson, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2018 as release 34-82632. The respondents named are Andrew H. Wilson, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82632.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82632.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-h-wilson-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (benchmark submission rigging, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7692-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7692-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-02-01", "dateResolved": "2018-02-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 70000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $70 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 1, 2018 as release 7692-18. The respondents named are Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $70 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7692-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7692-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-t-fischer-churning-2018", "title": "SEC v. Daniel T. Fischer (churning, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82603", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82603.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82603.pdf", "dateFiled": "2018-01-30", "dateResolved": "2018-01-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel T. Fischer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel T. Fischer, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 30, 2018 as release 34-82603. The respondents named are Daniel T. Fischer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82603.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2018/34-82603.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-t-fischer-churning-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-andre-flotron-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Andre Flotron (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7685-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7685-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andre Flotron", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Andre Flotron, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7685-18. The respondents named are Andre Flotron (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7685-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7685-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-andre-flotron-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-deutsche-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Deutsche Bank (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7682-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7682-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": "2018-01-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deutsche Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 30000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Deutsche Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $30 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7682-18. The respondents named are Deutsche Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $30 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7682-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7682-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-deutsche-bank-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-hsbc-securities-usa-inc-pay-1-6-million-penalty-settlement-price-manipulati", "title": "CFTC v. HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. Pay $1.6 Million Penalty (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7684-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7684-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": "2018-01-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. Pay $1.6 Million Penalty", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. Pay $1.6 Million Penalty, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.6 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7684-18. The respondents named are HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. Pay $1.6 Million Penalty (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7684-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7684-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-hsbc-securities-usa-inc-pay-1-6-million-penalty-settlement-price-manipulati/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-james-vorley-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. James Vorley and Cedric Chanu (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7686-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7686-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "James Vorley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Cedric Chanu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against James Vorley and Cedric Chanu, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7686-18. The respondents named are James Vorley and Cedric Chanu (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7686-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7686-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-james-vorley-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jiongsheng-zhao-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Jiongsheng Zhao (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7688-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7688-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jiongsheng Zhao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Jiongsheng Zhao, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7688-18. The respondents named are Jiongsheng Zhao (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7688-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7688-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jiongsheng-zhao-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jitesh-thakkar-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Jitesh Thakkar and Edge Financial Technologies (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7689-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7689-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jitesh Thakkar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Edge Financial Technologies", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Jitesh Thakkar and Edge Financial Technologies, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7689-18. The respondents named are Jitesh Thakkar and Edge Financial Technologies (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7689-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7689-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jitesh-thakkar-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-three-banks-spoofing-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Three Banks (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7681-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7681-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": "2018-01-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Three Banks", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME", "COMEX", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Three Banks, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.6 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7681-18. The respondents named are Three Banks (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities and futures, with CBOT, CME, COMEX, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7681-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7681-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-three-banks-spoofing-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-trader-krishna-mohan-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Trader Krishna Mohan (spoofing, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7687-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7687-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Trader Krishna Mohan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Trader Krishna Mohan, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7687-18. The respondents named are Trader Krishna Mohan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with CBOT, CME, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7687-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7687-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-trader-krishna-mohan-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ubs-settlement-price-manipulation-2018", "title": "CFTC v. UBS (price manipulation, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7683-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7683-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-29", "dateResolved": "2018-01-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "UBS", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against UBS, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $15 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2018 as release 7683-18. The respondents named are UBS (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7683-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7683-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ubs-settlement-price-manipulation-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-bioverativ-inc-insider-trad", "title": "SEC v. One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Bioverativ, Inc. (insider trading, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24035", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24035", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-26", "dateResolved": "2018-01-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Bioverativ, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Bioverativ, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 26, 2018 as release LR-24035. The respondents named are One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Bioverativ, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24035" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24035" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-bioverativ-inc-insider-trad/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-randall-crater-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Randall Crater (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7678-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7678-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Randall Crater", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Randall Crater, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2018 as release 7678-18. The respondents named are Randall Crater (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7678-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7678-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-randall-crater-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ash-narayan-the-ticket-reserve-inc-a-k-a-forward-market-media-inc-richard-m-", "title": "SEC v. Ash Narayan, The Ticket Reserve Inc. a/k/a Forward Market Media, Inc., Richard M. Harmon, and John A. Kaptrosky (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24030", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24030", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-22", "dateResolved": "2018-01-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ash Narayan, The Ticket Reserve Inc. a/k/a Forward Market Media, Inc., Richard M. Harmon,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John A. Kaptrosky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 325000, "disgorgementUsd": 620078, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ash Narayan, The Ticket Reserve Inc. a/k/a Forward Market Media, Inc., Richard M. Harmon, and John A. Kaptrosky, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $620,078.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 22, 2018 as release LR-24030. The respondents named are Ash Narayan, The Ticket Reserve Inc. a/k/a Forward Market Media, Inc., Richard M. Harmon, and John A. Kaptrosky (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $325,000, disgorgement of $620,078. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24030" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24030" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ash-narayan-the-ticket-reserve-inc-a-k-a-forward-market-media-inc-richard-m-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-colorado-resident-dillon-michael-dean-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "CFTC v. Colorado Resident Dillon Michael Dean and His Company (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7674-18", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7674-18", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Colorado Resident Dillon Michael Dean", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Colorado Resident Dillon Michael Dean and His Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2018 as release 7674-18. The respondents named are Colorado Resident Dillon Michael Dean and His Company (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7674-18" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7674-18" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-colorado-resident-dillon-michael-dean-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-s-haddad-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018", "title": "SEC v. David S. Haddad, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2018)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24028", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24028", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2018-01-11", "dateResolved": "2018-01-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David S. Haddad, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 181071, "disgorgementUsd": 619382, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David S. Haddad, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $181,071, disgorgement of $619,382.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 11, 2018 as release LR-24028. The respondents named are David S. Haddad, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $181,071, disgorgement of $619,382. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-01-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24028" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24028" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-s-haddad-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2018/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-h-shapiro-woodbridge-group-of-companies-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Robert H. Shapiro, Woodbridge Group of Companies, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24020", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24020", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert H. Shapiro, Woodbridge Group of Companies, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert H. Shapiro, Woodbridge Group of Companies, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2017 as release LR-24020. The respondents named are Robert H. Shapiro, Woodbridge Group of Companies, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24020" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24020" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-h-shapiro-woodbridge-group-of-companies-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-c-peters-visionquest-wealth-management-llc-visionquest-capital-llc-p", "title": "SEC v. Stephen C. Peters, VisionQuest Wealth Management, LLC, VisionQuest Capital, LLC, and VQ Wealth, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24019", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24019", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen C. Peters, VisionQuest Wealth Management, LLC, VisionQuest Capital, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "VQ Wealth, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Stephen C. Peters, VisionQuest Wealth Management, LLC, VisionQuest Capital, LLC, and VQ Wealth, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2017 as release LR-24019. The respondents named are Stephen C. Peters, VisionQuest Wealth Management, LLC, VisionQuest Capital, LLC, and VQ Wealth, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24019" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24019" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-c-peters-visionquest-wealth-management-llc-visionquest-capital-llc-p/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-a-fossum-jr-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ronald A. Fossum, Jr. and Alonzo R. Cahoon (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24017", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24017", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald A. Fossum, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Alonzo R. Cahoon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ronald A. Fossum, Jr. and Alonzo R. Cahoon, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2017 as release LR-24017. The respondents named are Ronald A. Fossum, Jr. and Alonzo R. Cahoon (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24017" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24017" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-a-fossum-jr-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-a-wallace-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jason A. Wallace (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24016", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24016", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-18", "dateResolved": "2017-12-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason A. Wallace", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 512049, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jason A. Wallace, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $512,049.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2017 as release LR-24016. The respondents named are Jason A. Wallace (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $512,049. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24016" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24016" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-a-wallace-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kenneth-peer-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Kenneth Peer (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24012", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24012", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-14", "dateResolved": "2017-12-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kenneth Peer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10228, "disgorgementUsd": 10228, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kenneth Peer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $10,228, disgorgement of $10,228.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 14, 2017 as release LR-24012. The respondents named are Kenneth Peer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,228, disgorgement of $10,228. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24012" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24012" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kenneth-peer-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lanny-brown-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lanny Brown, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24015", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24015", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-14", "dateResolved": "2017-12-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lanny Brown, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 369720, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lanny Brown, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $369,720. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 14, 2017 as release LR-24015. The respondents named are Lanny Brown, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $369,720. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24015" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24015" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lanny-brown-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-j-leonard-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Stephen J. Leonard (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-24005", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24005", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-12-07", "dateResolved": "2017-12-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen J. Leonard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 107000, "disgorgementUsd": 107000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 11997, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Stephen J. Leonard, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $107,000, disgorgement of $107,000, prejudgment interest of $11,997.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 7, 2017 as release LR-24005. The respondents named are Stephen J. Leonard (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $107,000, disgorgement of $107,000, prejudgment interest of $11,997. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-12-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24005" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24005" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-j-leonard-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-palladino-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Palladino and James M. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82177", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82177.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82177.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-11-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Palladino", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James M.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Palladino and James M., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2017 as release 34-82177. The respondents named are Palladino and James M. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82177.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82177.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-palladino-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7650-17-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7650-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7650-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 333830145, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2017 as release 7650-17. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7650-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7650-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7650-17-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23991", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23991", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-17", "dateResolved": "2017-11-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 17, 2017 as release LR-23991. The respondents named are Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23991" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23991" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nathan-whitney-drage-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Nathan Whitney Drage, Esq. (reverse merger schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82106", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82106.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82106.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-11-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nathan Whitney Drage, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nathan Whitney Drage, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 17, 2017 as release 34-82106. The respondents named are Nathan Whitney Drage, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82106.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82106.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nathan-whitney-drage-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pedro-fort-berbel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Pedro Fort Berbel et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23988", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23988", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pedro Fort Berbel et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Pedro Fort Berbel et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 16, 2017 as release LR-23988. The respondents named are Pedro Fort Berbel et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23988" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23988" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pedro-fort-berbel-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-intl-fcstone-financial-inc-wash-trading-2017", "title": "CFTC v. INTL FCStone Financial Inc. and FCStone Merchant Services LLC (wash trading, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7644-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7644-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-14", "dateResolved": "2017-11-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "INTL FCStone Financial Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "FCStone Merchant Services LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 280000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against INTL FCStone Financial Inc. and FCStone Merchant Services LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $280,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2017 as release 7644-17. The respondents named are INTL FCStone Financial Inc. and FCStone Merchant Services LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $280,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7644-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7644-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-intl-fcstone-financial-inc-wash-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-statoil-asa-settlement-price-manipulation-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Statoil ASA (price manipulation, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7643-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7643-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-14", "dateResolved": "2017-11-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Statoil ASA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "settlement-price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Statoil ASA, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and settlement price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2017 as release 7643-17. The respondents named are Statoil ASA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and settlement price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with NYMEX, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7643-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7643-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-statoil-asa-settlement-price-manipulation-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/settlement-price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-susan-l-ellerin-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Susan L. Ellerin and Edward D. Blumstein (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23986", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23986", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-14", "dateResolved": "2017-11-14", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Susan L. Ellerin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Edward D. Blumstein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 15054, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Susan L. Ellerin and Edward D. Blumstein, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $15,054.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2017 as release LR-23986. The respondents named are Susan L. Ellerin and Edward D. Blumstein (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $15,054. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23986" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23986" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-susan-l-ellerin-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-end-of-the-rainbow-partners-l-l-c-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. The End of the Rainbow Partners, L.L.C., and others (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23987", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23987", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-11-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "The End of the Rainbow Partners, L.L.C.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The Estate of Michael F. Anderson, Defendants,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bighorn Wealth Fund, L.P., Relief Defendants", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against The End of the Rainbow Partners, L.L.C.,, The Estate of Michael F. Anderson, Defendants, and Bighorn Wealth Fund, L.P., Relief Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2017 as release LR-23987. The respondents named are The End of the Rainbow Partners, L.L.C.,, The Estate of Michael F. Anderson, Defendants, and Bighorn Wealth Fund, L.P., Relief Defendants (1 individual, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23987" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23987" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-end-of-the-rainbow-partners-l-l-c-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ferrone-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ferrone and Stephen D. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-82033", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82033.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82033.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-11-08", "dateResolved": "2017-11-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ferrone", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stephen D.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 120000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ferrone and Stephen D., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $120,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 8, 2017 as release 34-82033. The respondents named are Ferrone and Stephen D. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $120,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82033.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82033.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ferrone-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-p-kolf-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. James P. Kolf (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18274", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82010.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82010.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-11-03", "dateResolved": "2017-11-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James P. Kolf", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James P. Kolf, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 3, 2017 as release 3-18274. The respondents named are James P. Kolf (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-11-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82010.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-82010.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-p-kolf-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-meli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Meli, et al. and Craig H. Carton, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23975", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23975", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Meli, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Craig H. Carton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Joseph Meli, et al. and Craig H. Carton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2017 as release LR-23975. The respondents named are Joseph Meli, et al. and Craig H. Carton, et al. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23975" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23975" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-meli-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andalusian-resorts-fake-press-releases-2017", "title": "SEC v. Andalusian Resorts and others (fake press releases, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23973", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23973", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andalusian Resorts", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Spas, Inc., John Madsen,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bernard Fried", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andalusian Resorts, Spas, Inc., John Madsen, and Bernard Fried, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases, paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 30, 2017 as release LR-23973. The respondents named are Andalusian Resorts, Spas, Inc., John Madsen, and Bernard Fried (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23973" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23973" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andalusian-resorts-fake-press-releases-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-artemus-mayor-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Artemus Mayor (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18268", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10432.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10432.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-10-26", "dateResolved": "2017-10-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Artemus Mayor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Artemus Mayor, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2017 as release 3-18268. The respondents named are Artemus Mayor (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10432.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10432.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-artemus-mayor-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-canterbury-consulting-inc-churning-2017", "title": "SEC v. Canterbury Consulting, Inc. (churning, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18269", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81959.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81959.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-10-26", "dateResolved": "2017-10-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Canterbury Consulting, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 66071, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6915, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Canterbury Consulting, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $66,071, prejudgment interest of $6,915.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2017 as release 3-18269. The respondents named are Canterbury Consulting, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $66,071, prejudgment interest of $6,915. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81959.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81959.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-canterbury-consulting-inc-churning-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-j-swart-jr-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Harold J. Swart, Jr. (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18264", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81954.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81954.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-10-26", "dateResolved": "2017-10-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold J. Swart, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 32750, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 9231, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Harold J. Swart, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $32,750, prejudgment interest of $9,231.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2017 as release 3-18264. The respondents named are Harold J. Swart, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $32,750, prejudgment interest of $9,231. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81954.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81954.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-j-swart-jr-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23971", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23971", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "J. Patrick O'Neill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert H. Bray", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 299742, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $299,742. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 25, 2017 as release LR-23971. The respondents named are J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $299,742. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23971" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23971" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mayank-gupta-cpa-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Mayank Gupta, CPA (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18259", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81911.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81911.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-10-19", "dateResolved": "2017-10-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mayank Gupta, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mayank Gupta, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 19, 2017 as release 3-18259. The respondents named are Mayank Gupta, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81911.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81911.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mayank-gupta-cpa-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-m-schneider-pump-and-dump-2017", "title": "SEC v. James M. Schneider (pump and dump, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23965", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23965", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "James M. Schneider", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James M. Schneider, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 11, 2017 as release LR-23965. The respondents named are James M. Schneider (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23965" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23965" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-m-schneider-pump-and-dump-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-arab-global-commodities-dmcc-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Arab Global Commodities DMCC (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7627-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7627-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-10", "dateResolved": "2017-10-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arab Global Commodities DMCC", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Arab Global Commodities DMCC, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $300,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 10, 2017 as release 7627-17. The respondents named are Arab Global Commodities DMCC (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7627-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7627-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-arab-global-commodities-dmcc-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-a-celello-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Marc A. Celello (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23962", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23962", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc A. Celello", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marc A. Celello, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 6, 2017 as release LR-23962. The respondents named are Marc A. Celello (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23962" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23962" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-a-celello-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-homero-joshua-garza-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Homero Joshua Garza (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23960", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23960", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-04", "dateResolved": "2017-10-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Homero Joshua Garza", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9182000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Homero Joshua Garza, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $9.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 4, 2017 as release LR-23960. The respondents named are Homero Joshua Garza (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23960" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23960" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-homero-joshua-garza-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arun-j-singh-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Arun J. Singh (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23957", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23957", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-03", "dateResolved": "2017-10-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Arun J. Singh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 24990, "disgorgementUsd": 8330, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Arun J. Singh, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $24,990, disgorgement of $8,330.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2017 as release LR-23957. The respondents named are Arun J. Singh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $24,990, disgorgement of $8,330. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23957" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23957" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arun-j-singh-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jammin-java-corp-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jammin' Java Corp. et al. (pump and dump, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23956", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23956", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-10-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jammin' Java Corp. et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 26371585, "disgorgementUsd": 26371585, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5221809, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Jammin' Java Corp. et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $26.4 million, disgorgement of $26.4 million, prejudgment interest of $5.2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 3, 2017 as release LR-23956. The respondents named are Jammin' Java Corp. et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $26.4 million, disgorgement of $26.4 million, prejudgment interest of $5.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23956" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23956" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jammin-java-corp-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-martin-t-cantu-fake-press-releases-2017", "title": "SEC v. Martin T. Cantu (fake press releases, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81793", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81793.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81793.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-10-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Martin T. Cantu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 632327, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Martin T. Cantu, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $632,327. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 2, 2017 as release 34-81793. The respondents named are Martin T. Cantu (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $632,327. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-10-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81793.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81793.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-martin-t-cantu-fake-press-releases-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-california-residents-hasan-sarwar-a-k-a-alexander-sarwar-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. California Residents Hasan Sarwar a/k/a Alexander Sarwar (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7622-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7622-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "California Residents Hasan Sarwar a/k/a Alexander Sarwar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against California Residents Hasan Sarwar a/k/a Alexander Sarwar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2017 as release 7622-17. The respondents named are California Residents Hasan Sarwar a/k/a Alexander Sarwar (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7622-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7622-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-california-residents-hasan-sarwar-a-k-a-alexander-sarwar-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-logista-advisors-llc-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Logista Advisors LLC (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7623-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7623-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-30", "dateResolved": "2017-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Logista Advisors LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Logista Advisors LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2017 as release 7623-17. The respondents named are Logista Advisors LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7623-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7623-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-logista-advisors-llc-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-connecticut-based-tillage-commodities-etf-nav-abuse-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Connecticut-Based Tillage Commodities (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7620-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7620-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-29", "dateResolved": "2017-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Connecticut-Based Tillage Commodities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Connecticut-Based Tillage Commodities, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2017 as release 7620-17. The respondents named are Connecticut-Based Tillage Commodities (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7620-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7620-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-connecticut-based-tillage-commodities-etf-nav-abuse-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-avaneesh-krishnamoorthy-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Avaneesh Krishnamoorthy (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23954", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23954", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-29", "dateResolved": "2017-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Avaneesh Krishnamoorthy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Avaneesh Krishnamoorthy, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2017 as release LR-23954. The respondents named are Avaneesh Krishnamoorthy (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23954" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23954" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-avaneesh-krishnamoorthy-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-mcdiarmid-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jason McDiarmid, et al. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23953", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23953", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason McDiarmid, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason McDiarmid, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2017 as release LR-23953. The respondents named are Jason McDiarmid, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23953" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23953" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-mcdiarmid-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-micheal-a-skerry-newsletter-scalping-2017", "title": "SEC v. Micheal A. Skerry (newsletter scalping, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23950", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23950", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-29", "dateResolved": "2017-09-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Micheal A. Skerry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 36000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3737, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Micheal A. Skerry, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $36,000, prejudgment interest of $3,737.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2017 as release LR-23950. The respondents named are Micheal A. Skerry (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $36,000, prejudgment interest of $3,737. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23950" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23950" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-micheal-a-skerry-newsletter-scalping-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-howard-welch-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. David Howard Welch, et al (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23947", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23947", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Howard Welch, et al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David Howard Welch, et al, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release LR-23947. The respondents named are David Howard Welch, et al (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23947" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23947" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-howard-welch-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fengjiu-zhang-and-xianli-kong-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Fengjiu Zhang and Xianli Kong (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81744", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81744.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81744.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fengjiu Zhang and Xianli Kong", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1732, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Fengjiu Zhang and Xianli Kong, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $1,732.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release 34-81744. The respondents named are Fengjiu Zhang and Xianli Kong (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $1,732. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81744.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81744.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fengjiu-zhang-and-xianli-kong-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-laurence-m-torres-churning-2017", "title": "SEC v. Laurence M. Torres (churning, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18233", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10419.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10419.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Laurence M. Torres", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Laurence M. Torres, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release 3-18233. The respondents named are Laurence M. Torres (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10419.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10419.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-laurence-m-torres-churning-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-naris-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Naris Chamroonrat, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23946", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23946", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Naris Chamroonrat, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Naris Chamroonrat, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release LR-23946. The respondents named are Naris Chamroonrat, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23946" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23946" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-naris-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Sean Stewart et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23948", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23948", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean Stewart et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sean Stewart et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release LR-23948. The respondents named are Sean Stewart et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23948" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23948" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-stewart-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-success-holding-group-international-inc-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Success Holding Group International, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18230", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10418.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10418.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-28", "dateResolved": "2017-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Success Holding Group International, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 36000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3737, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Success Holding Group International, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $36,000, prejudgment interest of $3,737.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2017 as release 3-18230. The respondents named are Success Holding Group International, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $36,000, prejudgment interest of $3,737. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10418.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10418.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-success-holding-group-international-inc-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-napodano-bilal-basrai-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jason Napodano, Bilal Basrai and Bryce Stirton (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23943", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23943", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-26", "dateResolved": "2017-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Napodano, Bilal Basrai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Bryce Stirton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 39668, "penaltyUsd": 240000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 17621, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jason Napodano, Bilal Basrai and Bryce Stirton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $240,000, prejudgment interest of $17,621. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2017 as release LR-23943. The respondents named are Jason Napodano, Bilal Basrai and Bryce Stirton (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $240,000, prejudgment interest of $17,621. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23943" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23943" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-napodano-bilal-basrai-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lbmz-securities-inc-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. LBMZ Securities, Inc. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81719", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81719.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81719.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-26", "dateResolved": "2017-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "LBMZ Securities, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with LBMZ Securities, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2017 as release 34-81719. The respondents named are LBMZ Securities, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81719.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81719.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lbmz-securities-inc-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-nicholas-gelfman-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Nicholas Gelfman and Gelfman Blueprint (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7614-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7614-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicholas Gelfman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gelfman Blueprint", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Nicholas Gelfman and Gelfman Blueprint, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2017 as release 7614-17. The respondents named are Nicholas Gelfman and Gelfman Blueprint (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7614-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7614-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-nicholas-gelfman-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-moses-investment-company-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Moses Investment Company, LLC and Michael S. Moses (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23941", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23941", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Colorado", "defendants": [ { "name": "Moses Investment Company, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael S. Moses", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Moses Investment Company, LLC and Michael S. Moses, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2017 as release LR-23941. The respondents named are Moses Investment Company, LLC and Michael S. Moses (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Colorado.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23941" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23941" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-moses-investment-company-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-p-zingerman-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joel P. Zingerman (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81677", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81677.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81677.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-21", "dateResolved": "2017-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel P. Zingerman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 56605, "disgorgementUsd": 56605, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5718, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joel P. Zingerman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $56,605, disgorgement of $56,605, prejudgment interest of $5,718.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2017 as release 34-81677. The respondents named are Joel P. Zingerman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $56,605, disgorgement of $56,605, prejudgment interest of $5,718. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81677.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81677.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-p-zingerman-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-samuel-cary-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Justin Samuel Cary (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23940", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23940", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin Samuel Cary", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 8140, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Justin Samuel Cary, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2017 as release LR-23940. The respondents named are Justin Samuel Cary (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23940" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23940" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-samuel-cary-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-c-chang-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Peter C. Chang (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23937", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23937", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter C. Chang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Peter C. Chang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2017 as release LR-23937. The respondents named are Peter C. Chang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23937" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23937" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-c-chang-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-francisco-illarramendi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Francisco Illarramendi, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23936", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23936", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-19", "dateResolved": "2017-09-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Francisco Illarramendi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25800000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Francisco Illarramendi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $25.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 19, 2017 as release LR-23936. The respondents named are Francisco Illarramendi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23936" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23936" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-francisco-illarramendi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lawrence-f-cluff-jr-roger-e-shaoul-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr., Roger E. Shaoul, and James Shaoul (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23935", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23935", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-13", "dateResolved": "2017-09-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr., Roger E. Shaoul,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "James Shaoul", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr., Roger E. Shaoul, and James Shaoul, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2017 as release LR-23935. The respondents named are Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr., Roger E. Shaoul, and James Shaoul (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23935" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23935" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lawrence-f-cluff-jr-roger-e-shaoul-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mayank-gupta-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Mayank Gupta, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23934", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23934", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-13", "dateResolved": "2017-09-13", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mayank Gupta, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 23785, "disgorgementUsd": 23785, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mayank Gupta, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $23,785, disgorgement of $23,785.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2017 as release LR-23934. The respondents named are Mayank Gupta, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $23,785, disgorgement of $23,785. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23934" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23934" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mayank-gupta-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-potomac-asset-management-company-inc-and-goodloe-e-byron-jr-undisclosed-cont", "title": "SEC v. Potomac Asset Management Company, Inc. and Goodloe E. Byron, Jr. (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4766", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4766.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4766.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-11", "dateResolved": "2017-09-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Potomac Asset Management Company, Inc. and Goodloe E. Byron, Jr.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2200000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Potomac Asset Management Company, Inc. and Goodloe E. Byron, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2017 as release IA-4766. The respondents named are Potomac Asset Management Company, Inc. and Goodloe E. Byron, Jr. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4766.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4766.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-potomac-asset-management-company-inc-and-goodloe-e-byron-jr-undisclosed-cont/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brett-kennedy-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Brett Kennedy, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23931", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23931", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-07", "dateResolved": "2017-09-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brett Kennedy, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 11600, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Brett Kennedy, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $11,600. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2017 as release LR-23931. The respondents named are Brett Kennedy, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $11,600. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23931" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23931" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brett-kennedy-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Craig H. Carton, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23929", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23929", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig H. Carton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Craig H. Carton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2017 as release LR-23929. The respondents named are Craig H. Carton, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23929" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23929" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-h-carton-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Scott Newsholme (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23930", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23930", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott Newsholme", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Scott Newsholme, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2017 as release LR-23930. The respondents named are Scott Newsholme (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23930" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23930" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-newsholme-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alan-m-stark-esq-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Alan M. Stark, Esq. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81523", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81523.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81523.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-09-05", "dateResolved": "2017-09-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alan M. Stark, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7608, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alan M. Stark, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $7,608.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2017 as release 34-81523. The respondents named are Alan M. Stark, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7,608. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81523.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81523.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alan-m-stark-esq-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-p-cedrone-steven-r-ferris-marking-the-close-2017", "title": "SEC v. Richard P. Cedrone, Steven R. Ferris and George R. Thoreson (marking the close, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23928", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23928", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-09-05", "dateResolved": "2017-09-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard P. Cedrone, Steven R. Ferris", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "George R. Thoreson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": 5013, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard P. Cedrone, Steven R. Ferris and George R. Thoreson, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000, disgorgement of $5,013.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 5, 2017 as release LR-23928. The respondents named are Richard P. Cedrone, Steven R. Ferris and George R. Thoreson (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000, disgorgement of $5,013. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-09-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23928" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23928" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-p-cedrone-steven-r-ferris-marking-the-close-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-evan-r-kita-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Evan R. Kita, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23926", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23926", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Evan R. Kita, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Evan R. Kita, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 31, 2017 as release LR-23926. The respondents named are Evan R. Kita, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23926" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23926" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-evan-r-kita-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tennstar-energy-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Tennstar Energy, Inc., et al. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23924", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23924", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tennstar Energy, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tennstar Energy, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2017 as release LR-23924. The respondents named are Tennstar Energy, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23924" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23924" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tennstar-energy-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lek-securities-corp-et-al-layering-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lek Securities Corp. et al. (layering, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23923", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23923", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lek Securities Corp. et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lek Securities Corp. et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as layering and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2017 as release LR-23923. The respondents named are Lek Securities Corp. et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23923" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23923" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lek-securities-corp-et-al-layering-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dawn-j-bennett-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Dawn J. Bennett and DJB Holdings LLC (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23922", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23922", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dawn J. Bennett", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "DJB Holdings LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dawn J. Bennett and DJB Holdings LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2017 as release LR-23922. The respondents named are Dawn J. Bennett and DJB Holdings LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23922" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23922" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dawn-j-bennett-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-south-carolina-resident-thomas-lanzana-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. South Carolina Resident Thomas Lanzana (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7605-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7605-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "South Carolina Resident Thomas Lanzana", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against South Carolina Resident Thomas Lanzana, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2017 as release 7605-17. The respondents named are South Carolina Resident Thomas Lanzana (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7605-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7605-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-south-carolina-resident-thomas-lanzana-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-caledonian-bank-ltd-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al. (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23921", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23921", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-25", "dateResolved": "2017-08-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 19200000, "disgorgementUsd": 19200000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $19.2 million, disgorgement of $19.2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2017 as release LR-23921. The respondents named are Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $19.2 million, disgorgement of $19.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23921" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23921" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-caledonian-bank-ltd-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jack-sini-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jack Sini (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81467", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81467.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81467.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jack Sini", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jack Sini, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2017 as release 34-81467. The respondents named are Jack Sini (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81467.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81467.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jack-sini-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-hershberger-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jason Hershberger (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81466", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81466.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81466.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Hershberger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason Hershberger, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2017 as release 34-81466. The respondents named are Jason Hershberger (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81466.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81466.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-hershberger-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-juan-m-perez-ortega-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Juan M. Perez Ortega (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81465", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81465.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81465.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Juan M. Perez Ortega", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Juan M. Perez Ortega, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2017 as release 34-81465. The respondents named are Juan M. Perez Ortega (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81465.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81465.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-juan-m-perez-ortega-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-martin-miller-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Martin Miller (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81463", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81463.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81463.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Martin Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Martin Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2017 as release 34-81463. The respondents named are Martin Miller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81463.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81463.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-martin-miller-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shawna-leigh-lynch-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Shawna Leigh Lynch (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81464", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81464.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81464.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shawna Leigh Lynch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Shawna Leigh Lynch, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2017 as release 34-81464. The respondents named are Shawna Leigh Lynch (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81464.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81464.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shawna-leigh-lynch-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-allen-chi-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Allen Chi (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81447", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81447.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81447.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-21", "dateResolved": "2017-08-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Allen Chi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2401693, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Allen Chi, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $2.4 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2017 as release 34-81447. The respondents named are Allen Chi (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81447.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81447.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-allen-chi-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deerfield-management-company-l-p-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Deerfield Management Company, L.P. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4749", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4749.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4749.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-21", "dateResolved": "2017-08-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deerfield Management Company, L.P.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3900000, "penaltyUsd": 3946267, "disgorgementUsd": 714110, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 97585, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Deerfield Management Company, L.P., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $3.9 million, disgorgement of $714,110, prejudgment interest of $97,585.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 21, 2017 as release IA-4749. The respondents named are Deerfield Management Company, L.P. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3.9 million, disgorgement of $714,110, prejudgment interest of $97,585. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4749.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4749.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deerfield-management-company-l-p-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-banca-imi-securities-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2017", "title": "SEC v. Banca IMI Securities Corp. (naked short selling debate, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18118", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10401.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10401.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-18", "dateResolved": "2017-08-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Banca IMI Securities Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 2300000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 18048483, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2362538, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Banca IMI Securities Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $18.0 million, prejudgment interest of $2.4 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2017 as release 3-18118. The respondents named are Banca IMI Securities Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $18.0 million, prejudgment interest of $2.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10401.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10401.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-banca-imi-securities-corp-naked-short-selling-debate-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-aruba-based-copersucar-trading-a-v-v-settlement-price-manipulation-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Aruba-based Copersucar Trading A.V.V. (wash trading, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7601-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7601-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-16", "dateResolved": "2017-08-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aruba-based Copersucar Trading A.V.V.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Aruba-based Copersucar Trading A.V.V., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $300,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2017 as release 7601-17. The respondents named are Aruba-based Copersucar Trading A.V.V. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7601-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7601-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-aruba-based-copersucar-trading-a-v-v-settlement-price-manipulation-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-rivas-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Daniel Rivas, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23911", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23911", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Rivas, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Daniel Rivas, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2017 as release LR-23911. The respondents named are Daniel Rivas, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23911" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23911" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-rivas-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-cortez-marshall-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Robert Cortez Marshall (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23907", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23907", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Cortez Marshall", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert Cortez Marshall, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2017 as release LR-23907. The respondents named are Robert Cortez Marshall (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23907" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23907" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-cortez-marshall-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kpmg-llp-and-john-riordan-cpa-reverse-merger-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. KPMG LLP and John Riordan, CPA (reverse merger schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18110", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81396.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81396.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-15", "dateResolved": "2017-08-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "KPMG LLP and John Riordan, CPA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with KPMG LLP and John Riordan, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2017 as release 3-18110. The respondents named are KPMG LLP and John Riordan, CPA (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81396.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81396.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kpmg-llp-and-john-riordan-cpa-reverse-merger-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-damon-hovannisian-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Damon Hovannisian, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23901", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23901", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-11", "dateResolved": "2017-08-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Damon Hovannisian, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 155756, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Damon Hovannisian, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $155,756.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2017 as release LR-23901. The respondents named are Damon Hovannisian, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $155,756. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23901" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23901" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-damon-hovannisian-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Smith, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23902", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23902", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-11", "dateResolved": "2017-08-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Smith, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Smith, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2017 as release LR-23902. The respondents named are Smith, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23902" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23902" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-louis-martin-blazer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Louis Martin Blazer III (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23900", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23900", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-10", "dateResolved": "2017-08-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Louis Martin Blazer III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1800000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Louis Martin Blazer III, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.8 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2017 as release LR-23900. The respondents named are Louis Martin Blazer III (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23900" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23900" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-louis-martin-blazer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-bank-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. The Bank (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7598-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7598-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-08", "dateResolved": "2017-08-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against The Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2017 as release 7598-17. The respondents named are The Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7598-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7598-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-bank-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-blaszczak-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. David Blaszczak, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23899", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23899", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-08", "dateResolved": "2017-08-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Blaszczak, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David Blaszczak, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2017 as release LR-23899. The respondents named are David Blaszczak, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23899" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23899" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-blaszczak-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-v-mcclatchey-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23898", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23898", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-08", "dateResolved": "2017-08-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven V. McClatchey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gary J. Pusey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2017 as release LR-23898. The respondents named are Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23898" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23898" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-v-mcclatchey-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joe-yiu-cheung-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joe Yiu Cheung ( and Dylon De Lu Zhang) (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18093", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10397.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10397.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-08-02", "dateResolved": "2017-08-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joe Yiu Cheung (", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dylon De Lu Zhang)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joe Yiu Cheung ( and Dylon De Lu Zhang), alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, pump and dump, reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 2, 2017 as release 3-18093. The respondents named are Joe Yiu Cheung ( and Dylon De Lu Zhang) (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, pump and dump, reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10397.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10397.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joe-yiu-cheung-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-d-martin-et-al-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey D. Martin, et al. (custodianship shell hijacking, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23892", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23892", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-08-01", "dateResolved": "2017-08-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey D. Martin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "custodianship-shell-hijacking", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 46500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jeffrey D. Martin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as custodianship shell hijacking, paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $46,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2017 as release LR-23892. The respondents named are Jeffrey D. Martin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as custodianship shell hijacking, paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $46,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-08-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23892" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23892" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-d-martin-et-al-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/custodianship-shell-hijacking/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-karen-f-aalders-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Karen F. Aalders (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18085", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10393.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10393.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-31", "dateResolved": "2017-07-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Karen F. Aalders", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 46500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5105, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Karen F. Aalders, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $46,500, prejudgment interest of $5,105.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2017 as release 3-18085. The respondents named are Karen F. Aalders (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $46,500, prejudgment interest of $5,105. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10393.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10393.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-karen-f-aalders-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sterling-craig-barton-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Sterling Craig Barton (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18086", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10394.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10394.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-31", "dateResolved": "2017-07-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sterling Craig Barton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sterling Craig Barton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 31, 2017 as release 3-18086. The respondents named are Sterling Craig Barton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10394.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10394.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sterling-craig-barton-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Harold L. Altvater (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23889", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23889", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold L. Altvater", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Harold L. Altvater, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2017 as release LR-23889. The respondents named are Harold L. Altvater (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23889" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23889" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-l-altvater-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-windsor-street-capital-l-p-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Windsor Street Capital, L.P. ( and others (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17813", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10392.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10392.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-28", "dateResolved": "2017-07-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Windsor Street Capital, L.P. (", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Meyers Associates", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "L.P.) Telfer", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John David", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Windsor Street Capital, L.P. (, Meyers Associates, L.P.) Telfer and John David, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2017 as release 3-17813. The respondents named are Windsor Street Capital, L.P. (, Meyers Associates, L.P.) Telfer and John David (1 individual, 3 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-28", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10392.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10392.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-windsor-street-capital-l-p-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-trader-simon-posen-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. New York Trader Simon Posen (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7594-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7594-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-27", "dateResolved": "2017-07-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Trader Simon Posen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 635000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against New York Trader Simon Posen, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $635,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 27, 2017 as release 7594-17. The respondents named are New York Trader Simon Posen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $635,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7594-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7594-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-trader-simon-posen-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-carrillo-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Carrillo and Luis J. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81209", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81209.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81209.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-26", "dateResolved": "2017-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carrillo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Luis J.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Carrillo and Luis J., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2017 as release 34-81209. The respondents named are Carrillo and Luis J. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81209.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81209.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-carrillo-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-huettel-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Huettel and Wade D., Esq. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81210", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81210.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81210.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-26", "dateResolved": "2017-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Huettel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Wade D., Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Huettel and Wade D., Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2017 as release 34-81210. The respondents named are Huettel and Wade D., Esq. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81210.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81210.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-huettel-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joey-stanton-dodson-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joey Stanton Dodson (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23888", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23888", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-26", "dateResolved": "2017-07-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joey Stanton Dodson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1718026, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 189389, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joey Stanton Dodson, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.7 million, prejudgment interest of $189,389.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2017 as release LR-23888. The respondents named are Joey Stanton Dodson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.7 million, prejudgment interest of $189,389. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23888" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23888" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joey-stanton-dodson-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joey-giamichael-and-umbrella-research-llc-newsletter-scalping-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joey Giamichael and Umbrella Research, LLC (newsletter scalping, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18072", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10391.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10391.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-25", "dateResolved": "2017-07-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joey Giamichael and Umbrella Research, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 23927, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 19607, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joey Giamichael and Umbrella Research, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $19,607.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2017 as release 3-18072. The respondents named are Joey Giamichael and Umbrella Research, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $19,607. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10391.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10391.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joey-giamichael-and-umbrella-research-llc-newsletter-scalping-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-farmer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017", "title": "SEC v. Andrew Farmer, et al. (pump and dump, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23883", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23883", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-24", "dateResolved": "2017-07-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew Farmer, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7200000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew Farmer, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $7.2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 24, 2017 as release LR-23883. The respondents named are Andrew Farmer, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23883" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23883" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-farmer-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lubin-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lubin and David (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81172.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81172.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-19", "dateResolved": "2017-07-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lubin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lubin and David, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2017 as release 34-81172. The respondents named are Lubin and David (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81172.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81172.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lubin-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-troy-joseph-flowers-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Troy Joseph Flowers, et al. (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23881", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23881", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Troy Joseph Flowers, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3800000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Troy Joseph Flowers, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 19, 2017 as release LR-23881. The respondents named are Troy Joseph Flowers, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23881" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23881" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-troy-joseph-flowers-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-f-stimpson-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. John F. Stimpson (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81160", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81160.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81160.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-18", "dateResolved": "2017-07-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John F. Stimpson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 135570, "disgorgementUsd": 135570, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 7633, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John F. Stimpson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $135,570, disgorgement of $135,570, prejudgment interest of $7,633.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 18, 2017 as release 34-81160. The respondents named are John F. Stimpson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $135,570, disgorgement of $135,570, prejudgment interest of $7,633. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81160.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81160.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-f-stimpson-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ashley-antos-defendants-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ashley Antos, Defendants, and Antos, Inc. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23878", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23878", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ashley Antos, Defendants,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Antos, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ashley Antos, Defendants, and Antos, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2017 as release LR-23878. The respondents named are Ashley Antos, Defendants, and Antos, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23878" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23878" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ashley-antos-defendants-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-victory-ho-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Victory Ho (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23877", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23877", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-12", "dateResolved": "2017-07-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Victory Ho", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Victory Ho, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 12, 2017 as release LR-23877. The respondents named are Victory Ho (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23877" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23877" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-victory-ho-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wanger-marking-the-close-2017", "title": "SEC v. Wanger and Eric David Wanger Investment Management, Inc. (marking the close, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-14676", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81111.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81111.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-07-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wanger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Eric David Wanger Investment Management, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Wanger and Eric David Wanger Investment Management, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2017 as release 3-14676. The respondents named are Wanger and Eric David Wanger Investment Management, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81111.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81111.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wanger-marking-the-close-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steve-g-blasko-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Steve G. Blasko (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23876", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23876", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Steve G. Blasko", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Steve G. Blasko, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 7, 2017 as release LR-23876. The respondents named are Steve G. Blasko (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23876" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23876" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steve-g-blasko-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cheryl-l-jones-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Cheryl L. Jones (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23872", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23872", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-07-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cheryl L. Jones", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 70, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Cheryl L. Jones, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 70 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 3, 2017 as release LR-23872. The respondents named are Cheryl L. Jones (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 70 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-07-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23872" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23872" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cheryl-l-jones-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7581-17-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7581-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7581-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-30", "dateResolved": "2017-06-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 350000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $350,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2017 as release 7581-17. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $350,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7581-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7581-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7581-17-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-rosenthal-collins-capital-markets-llc-wash-trading-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Rosenthal Collins Capital Markets LLC (wash trading, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7582-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7582-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-30", "dateResolved": "2017-06-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rosenthal Collins Capital Markets LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Rosenthal Collins Capital Markets LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2017 as release 7582-17. The respondents named are Rosenthal Collins Capital Markets LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7582-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7582-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-rosenthal-collins-capital-markets-llc-wash-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sasan-sabrdaran-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Sasan Sabrdaran and Farhang Afsarpour (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23871", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23871", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-30", "dateResolved": "2017-06-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sasan Sabrdaran", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Farhang Afsarpour", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 386672, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 69920, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sasan Sabrdaran and Farhang Afsarpour, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $386,672, prejudgment interest of $69,920.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2017 as release LR-23871. The respondents named are Sasan Sabrdaran and Farhang Afsarpour (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $386,672, prejudgment interest of $69,920. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23871" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23871" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sasan-sabrdaran-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-s-keck-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Andrew S. Keck (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18051", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10378.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10378.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew S. Keck", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Andrew S. Keck, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18051. The respondents named are Andrew S. Keck (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10378.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10378.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-s-keck-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-a-conley-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Christopher A. Conley (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18049", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10376.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10376.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher A. Conley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Christopher A. Conley, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18049. The respondents named are Christopher A. Conley (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10376.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10376.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-a-conley-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marilyn-stark-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Marilyn Stark (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18054", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10381.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10381.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marilyn Stark", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marilyn Stark, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18054. The respondents named are Marilyn Stark (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10381.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10381.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marilyn-stark-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-l-egna-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Matthew L. Egna (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18050", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10377.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10377.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew L. Egna", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Matthew L. Egna, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18050. The respondents named are Matthew L. Egna (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10377.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10377.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-l-egna-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nigel-g-lindsay-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Nigel G. Lindsay (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18053", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10380.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10380.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nigel G. Lindsay", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nigel G. Lindsay, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $5,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18053. The respondents named are Nigel G. Lindsay (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10380.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10380.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nigel-g-lindsay-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sarah-e-keck-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Sarah E. Keck (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18052", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10379.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10379.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-29", "dateResolved": "2017-06-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sarah E. Keck", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sarah E. Keck, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2017 as release 3-18052. The respondents named are Sarah E. Keck (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10379.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10379.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sarah-e-keck-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diana-p-lovera-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Diana P. Lovera (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23869", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23869", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-28", "dateResolved": "2017-06-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Diana P. Lovera", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 81374, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3343, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Diana P. Lovera, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $81,374, prejudgment interest of $3,343. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 28, 2017 as release LR-23869. The respondents named are Diana P. Lovera (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $81,374, prejudgment interest of $3,343. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23869" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23869" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diana-p-lovera-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harold-l-altvater-maureen-e-curran-susan-l-dubuc-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Harold L. Altvater, Maureen E. Curran, Susan L. Dubuc (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23868", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23868", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-27", "dateResolved": "2017-06-27", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harold L. Altvater, Maureen E. Curran, Susan L. Dubuc", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9420, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Harold L. Altvater, Maureen E. Curran, Susan L. Dubuc, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $9,420.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 27, 2017 as release LR-23868. The respondents named are Harold L. Altvater, Maureen E. Curran, Susan L. Dubuc (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,420. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23868" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23868" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harold-l-altvater-maureen-e-curran-susan-l-dubuc-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wm-smith-co-and-william-s-smith-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Wm Smith & Co. and William S. Smith (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-81025", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81025.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81025.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-26", "dateResolved": "2017-06-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wm Smith & Co. and William S. Smith", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wm Smith & Co. and William S. Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2017 as release 34-81025. The respondents named are Wm Smith & Co. and William S. Smith (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81025.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-81025.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wm-smith-co-and-william-s-smith-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-m-farinella-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. James M. Farinella, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23864", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23864", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James M. Farinella, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James M. Farinella, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2017 as release LR-23864. The respondents named are James M. Farinella, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23864" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23864" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-m-farinella-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yu-cheng-lin-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Yu-Cheng Lin (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23862", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23862", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-19", "dateResolved": "2017-06-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yu-Cheng Lin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Yu-Cheng Lin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 19, 2017 as release LR-23862. The respondents named are Yu-Cheng Lin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23862" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23862" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yu-cheng-lin-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23860", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23860", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MRI International, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 580000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $580 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2017 as release LR-23860. The respondents named are Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $580 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23860" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23860" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23858", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23858", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Antonio Katz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2017 as release LR-23858. The respondents named are Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23858" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23858" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dan-alice-zhang-cpa-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Dan (“Alice”) Zhang, CPA (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-18013", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80872.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80872.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-06-07", "dateResolved": "2017-06-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dan (“Alice”) Zhang, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dan (“Alice”) Zhang, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 7, 2017 as release 3-18013. The respondents named are Dan (“Alice”) Zhang, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80872.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80872.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dan-alice-zhang-cpa-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-trahan-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Michael Trahan (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23854", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23854", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-07", "dateResolved": "2017-06-07", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Trahan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 69735, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael Trahan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $69,735. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 7, 2017 as release LR-23854. The respondents named are Michael Trahan (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $69,735. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23854" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23854" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-trahan-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-homero-joshua-garza-gaw-miners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Homero Joshua Garza, GAW Miners, LLC, and ZenMiner, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23852", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23852", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-05", "dateResolved": "2017-06-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Homero Joshua Garza, GAW Miners, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "ZenMiner, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10384099, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Homero Joshua Garza, GAW Miners, LLC, and ZenMiner, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $10.4 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2017 as release LR-23852. The respondents named are Homero Joshua Garza, GAW Miners, LLC, and ZenMiner, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23852" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23852" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-homero-joshua-garza-gaw-miners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-david-liew-spoofing-2017", "title": "CFTC v. David Liew (price manipulation, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7567-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7567-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-03", "dateResolved": "2017-06-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Liew", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against David Liew, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 3, 2017 as release 7567-17. The respondents named are David Liew (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7567-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7567-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-david-liew-spoofing-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adesh-kumar-tyagi-marking-the-close-2017", "title": "SEC v. Adesh Kumar Tyagi (marking the close, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23850", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23850", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-06-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Adesh Kumar Tyagi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Adesh Kumar Tyagi, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 1, 2017 as release LR-23850. The respondents named are Adesh Kumar Tyagi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-06-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23850" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23850" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adesh-kumar-tyagi-marking-the-close-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-harrison-katzen-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Harrison Katzen (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80817", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80817.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80817.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-05-31", "dateResolved": "2017-05-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Harrison Katzen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Harrison Katzen, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 31, 2017 as release 34-80817. The respondents named are Harrison Katzen (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80817.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80817.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-harrison-katzen-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-jones-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Jones (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23844", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23844", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-25", "dateResolved": "2017-05-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Jones", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 160000, "disgorgementUsd": 3586510, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 236463, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 70, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark A. Jones, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $160,000, disgorgement of $3.6 million, prejudgment interest of $236,463. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 70 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 25, 2017 as release LR-23844. The respondents named are Mark A. Jones (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $160,000, disgorgement of $3.6 million, prejudgment interest of $236,463. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 70 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23844" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23844" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-jones-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-j-wells-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. William J. Wells and Promitor Capital Management LLC (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23845", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23845", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-25", "dateResolved": "2017-05-25", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William J. Wells", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Promitor Capital Management LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 660428, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 46, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar", "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William J. Wells and Promitor Capital Management LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $660,428. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 46 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 25, 2017 as release LR-23845. The respondents named are William J. Wells and Promitor Capital Management LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $660,428. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar, registration bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 46 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23845" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23845" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-j-wells-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-francisco-illarramendi-highview-point-partners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Francisco Illarramendi, Highview Point Partners, LLC and others (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23843", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23843", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-24", "dateResolved": "2017-05-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Francisco Illarramendi, Highview Point Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Kenwood Capital Management, LLC, as Defendants,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Infrastructure LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MKEI Solar, LP, as Relief Defendants,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": 25844834, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Francisco Illarramendi, Highview Point Partners, LLC, Michael Kenwood Capital Management, LLC, as Defendants,, Infrastructure LLC, and MKEI Solar, LP, as Relief Defendants,, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $25.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2017 as release LR-23843. The respondents named are Francisco Illarramendi, Highview Point Partners, LLC, Michael Kenwood Capital Management, LLC, as Defendants,, Infrastructure LLC, and MKEI Solar, LP, as Relief Defendants, (0 individuals, 4 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million, disgorgement of $25.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23843" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23843" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-francisco-illarramendi-highview-point-partners-llc-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-imran-husain-et-al-settlement-price-manipulation-2017", "title": "SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (shell factories, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23839", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23839", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Imran Husain, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Imran Husain, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories and undisclosed control blocks. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2017 as release LR-23839. The respondents named are Imran Husain, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23839" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23839" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-imran-husain-et-al-settlement-price-manipulation-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-murakami-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Murakami, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23837", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23837", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Murakami, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Murakami, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 22, 2017 as release LR-23837. The respondents named are Murakami, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23837" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23837" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-murakami-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-w-murray-price-manipulation-2017", "title": "SEC v. Robert W. Murray (price manipulation, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23836", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23836", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert W. Murray", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert W. Murray, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 19, 2017 as release LR-23836. The respondents named are Robert W. Murray (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23836" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23836" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-w-murray-price-manipulation-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-emerald-isle-exploration-ltd-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Emerald Isle Exploration, Ltd. and Samuell Eads and Lloyd C. Brewer (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17982", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10356.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10356.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-05-12", "dateResolved": "2017-05-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Emerald Isle Exploration, Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Samuell Eads and Lloyd C. Brewer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Emerald Isle Exploration, Ltd. and Samuell Eads and Lloyd C. Brewer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2017 as release 3-17982. The respondents named are Emerald Isle Exploration, Ltd. and Samuell Eads and Lloyd C. Brewer (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10356.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10356.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-emerald-isle-exploration-ltd-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Chamroonrat, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23830", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23830", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chamroonrat, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Chamroonrat, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2017 as release LR-23830. The respondents named are Chamroonrat, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23830" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23830" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-walter-c-little-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23833", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23833", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Walter C. Little", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Berke", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 11, 2017 as release LR-23833. The respondents named are Walter C. Little and Andrew M. Berke (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23833" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23833" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-walter-c-little-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-t-e-coldicutt-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Andrew T.E. Coldicutt, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23825", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23825", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew T.E. Coldicutt, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew T.E. Coldicutt, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 5, 2017 as release LR-23825. The respondents named are Andrew T.E. Coldicutt, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23825" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23825" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-t-e-coldicutt-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-r-schantz-iii-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. William R. Schantz III and Verto Capital Management LLC (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23824", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23824", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-04", "dateResolved": "2017-05-04", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "William R. Schantz III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Verto Capital Management LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 3433666, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William R. Schantz III and Verto Capital Management LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $3.4 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 4, 2017 as release LR-23824. The respondents named are William R. Schantz III and Verto Capital Management LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $3.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23824" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23824" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-r-schantz-iii-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-michael-burke-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. David Michael Burke (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80572", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80572.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80572.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-05-02", "dateResolved": "2017-05-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Michael Burke", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with David Michael Burke, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 2, 2017 as release 34-80572. The respondents named are David Michael Burke (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80572.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80572.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-michael-burke-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-j-varacchi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Mark J. Varacchi, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23822", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23822", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-01", "dateResolved": "2017-05-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark J. Varacchi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark J. Varacchi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 1, 2017 as release LR-23822. The respondents named are Mark J. Varacchi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23822" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23822" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-j-varacchi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wensheng-lin-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Wensheng Lin and Sheng Li Chen (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23821", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23821", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-05-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Wensheng Lin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sheng Li Chen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1800000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Wensheng Lin and Sheng Li Chen, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 1, 2017 as release LR-23821. The respondents named are Wensheng Lin and Sheng Li Chen (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-05-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23821" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23821" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wensheng-lin-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-demitrios-hallas-churning-2017", "title": "SEC v. Demitrios Hallas (churning, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23813", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23813", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Demitrios Hallas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Demitrios Hallas, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2017 as release LR-23813. The respondents named are Demitrios Hallas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23813" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23813" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-demitrios-hallas-churning-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wilson-davis-company-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2017", "title": "SEC v. Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80533", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80533.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80533.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-26", "dateResolved": "2017-04-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 27069, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000, prejudgment interest of $27,069.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2017 as release 34-80533. The respondents named are Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000, prejudgment interest of $27,069. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80533.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80533.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wilson-davis-company-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kent-p-watts-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Kent P. Watts, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23810", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23810", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kent P. Watts, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kent P. Watts, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 21, 2017 as release LR-23810. The respondents named are Kent P. Watts, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23810" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23810" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kent-p-watts-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-justin-d-meadlin-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Justin D. Meadlin and Hyaline Capital Management, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23808", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23808", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Justin D. Meadlin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hyaline Capital Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Justin D. Meadlin and Hyaline Capital Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2017 as release LR-23808. The respondents named are Justin D. Meadlin and Hyaline Capital Management, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23808" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23808" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-justin-d-meadlin-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23807", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23807", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-14", "dateResolved": "2017-04-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher R. Esposito, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 775000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher R. Esposito, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $775,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2017 as release LR-23807. The respondents named are Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $775,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23807" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23807" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mustafa-david-sayid-pump-and-dump-2017", "title": "SEC v. Mustafa David Sayid (pump and dump, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23805", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23805", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mustafa David Sayid", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mustafa David Sayid, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 13, 2017 as release LR-23805. The respondents named are Mustafa David Sayid (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction, penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23805" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23805" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mustafa-david-sayid-pump-and-dump-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ryan-gilbertson-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ryan Gilbertson, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23804", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23804", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-13", "dateResolved": "2017-04-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ryan Gilbertson, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 75000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 11075, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ryan Gilbertson, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $75,000, prejudgment interest of $11,075. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 13, 2017 as release LR-23804. The respondents named are Ryan Gilbertson, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $75,000, prejudgment interest of $11,075. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23804" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23804" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ryan-gilbertson-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lidingo-holdings-llc-et-al-csir-group-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al., CSIR Group, LLC, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23802", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23802", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-12", "dateResolved": "2017-04-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al., CSIR Group, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al., CSIR Group, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 12, 2017 as release LR-23802. The respondents named are Lidingo Holdings, LLC, et al., CSIR Group, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23802" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23802" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lidingo-holdings-llc-et-al-csir-group-llc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-french-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Christopher French (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17921", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10347.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10347.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher French", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 16100, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2105, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Christopher French, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $16,100, prejudgment interest of $2,105.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17921. The respondents named are Christopher French (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $16,100, prejudgment interest of $2,105. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10347.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10347.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-french-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ciaran-thornton-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ciaran Thornton (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17918", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10344.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10344.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ciaran Thornton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9600, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ciaran Thornton, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $9,600.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17918. The respondents named are Ciaran Thornton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,600. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10344.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10344.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ciaran-thornton-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-keolanui-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Craig Keolanui (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17913", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10339.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10339.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig Keolanui", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Craig Keolanui, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $2,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17913. The respondents named are Craig Keolanui (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10339.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10339.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-keolanui-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-borrelli-and-dunedin-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Edward Borrelli and Dunedin, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10341", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10341.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10341.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Borrelli and Dunedin, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 18224, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Edward Borrelli and Dunedin, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $18,224.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 33-10341. The respondents named are Edward Borrelli and Dunedin, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $18,224. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10341.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10341.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-borrelli-and-dunedin-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-galena-biopharma-inc-and-mark-j-ahn-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Galena Biopharma, Inc. and Mark J. Ahn (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17911", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10337.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10337.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Galena Biopharma, Inc. and Mark J. Ahn", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 677250, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 67181, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Galena Biopharma, Inc. and Mark J. Ahn, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $677,250, prejudgment interest of $67,181.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17911. The respondents named are Galena Biopharma, Inc. and Mark J. Ahn (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $677,250, prejudgment interest of $67,181. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10337.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10337.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-galena-biopharma-inc-and-mark-j-ahn-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-immunocellular-therapeutics-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17912", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10338.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10338.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17912. The respondents named are ImmunoCellular Therapeutics, Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10338.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10338.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-immunocellular-therapeutics-ltd-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-corenman-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Joel Corenman (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17910", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10336.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10336.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel Corenman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 18000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joel Corenman, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $18,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17910. The respondents named are Joel Corenman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $18,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10336.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10336.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-corenman-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lion-biotechnologies-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lion Biotechnologies, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17914", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10340.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10340.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lion Biotechnologies, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Lion Biotechnologies, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17914. The respondents named are Lion Biotechnologies, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10340.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10340.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lion-biotechnologies-inc-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-a-mccarthy-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Michael A. McCarthy (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10343", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10343.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10343.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael A. McCarthy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 42000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael A. McCarthy, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $42,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 33-10343. The respondents named are Michael A. McCarthy (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $42,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10343.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10343.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-a-mccarthy-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-ramey-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Stephen Ramey (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17916", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10342.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10342.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-04-10", "dateResolved": "2017-04-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen Ramey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 24000, "disgorgementUsd": 35000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3538, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stephen Ramey, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $24,000, disgorgement of $35,000, prejudgment interest of $3,538.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2017 as release 3-17916. The respondents named are Stephen Ramey (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $24,000, disgorgement of $35,000, prejudgment interest of $3,538. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10342.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10342.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-ramey-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lawrence-f-cluff-jr-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr. and Roger E. Shaoul (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23801", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23801", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-06", "dateResolved": "2017-04-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Roger E. Shaoul", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr. and Roger E. Shaoul, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 6, 2017 as release LR-23801. The respondents named are Lawrence F. Cluff, Jr. and Roger E. Shaoul (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23801" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23801" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lawrence-f-cluff-jr-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23797", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23797", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-04-03", "dateResolved": "2017-04-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Vlad B. Spivak, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 222357, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Vlad B. Spivak, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $222,357.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 3, 2017 as release LR-23797. The respondents named are Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $222,357. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-04-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23797" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23797" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-citigroup-global-markets-inc-traders-stephen-gola-cash-vs-derivative", "title": "CFTC v. Former Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Traders Stephen Gola and Jonathan Brims (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7542-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7542-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-31", "dateResolved": "2017-03-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Former Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Traders Stephen Gola", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jonathan Brims", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 350000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Former Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Traders Stephen Gola and Jonathan Brims, alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $350,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2017 as release 7542-17. The respondents named are Former Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Traders Stephen Gola and Jonathan Brims (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $350,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-31", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7542-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7542-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-citigroup-global-markets-inc-traders-stephen-gola-cash-vs-derivative/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alison-llc-alison-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Alison, LLC Alison and Stephen D. (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17365", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80335.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80335.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-03-29", "dateResolved": "2017-03-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Alison, LLC Alison", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Stephen D.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Alison, LLC Alison and Stephen D., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2017 as release 3-17365. The respondents named are Alison, LLC Alison and Stephen D. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80335.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80335.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alison-llc-alison-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lottonet-operating-corp-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. LottoNet Operating Corp., et al. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23791", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23791", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "LottoNet Operating Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against LottoNet Operating Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2017 as release LR-23791. The respondents named are LottoNet Operating Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23791" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23791" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lottonet-operating-corp-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ariel-darvasi-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Ariel Darvasi and Amir Waldman (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23789", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23789", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-24", "dateResolved": "2017-03-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ariel Darvasi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Amir Waldman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ariel Darvasi and Amir Waldman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2017 as release LR-23789. The respondents named are Ariel Darvasi and Amir Waldman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23789" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23789" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ariel-darvasi-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nino-coppero-del-valle-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Nino Coppero del Valle et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23790", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23790", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-24", "dateResolved": "2017-03-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nino Coppero del Valle et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 53608, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Nino Coppero del Valle et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $53,608.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2017 as release LR-23790. The respondents named are Nino Coppero del Valle et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $53,608. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23790" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23790" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nino-coppero-del-valle-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-quigley-churning-2017", "title": "SEC v. Quigley and William (churning, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16560", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10327.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10327.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-03-24", "dateResolved": "2017-03-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Quigley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Quigley and William, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2017 as release 3-16560. The respondents named are Quigley and William (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10327.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10327.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-quigley-churning-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-ludwig-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Ludwig (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23784", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23784", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-23", "dateResolved": "2017-03-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Ludwig", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Christopher Ludwig, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2017 as release LR-23784. The respondents named are Christopher Ludwig (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23784" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23784" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-ludwig-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rose-reverse-merger-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Rose and Sheldon MKJJ Consulting LLC (reverse merger schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17559", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10325.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10325.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-03-23", "dateResolved": "2017-03-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rose", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sheldon MKJJ Consulting LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rose and Sheldon MKJJ Consulting LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2017 as release 3-17559. The respondents named are Rose and Sheldon MKJJ Consulting LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10325.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10325.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rose-reverse-merger-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-a-hartung-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Steven A. Hartung (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23786", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23786", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-23", "dateResolved": "2017-03-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven A. Hartung", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 59688, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3210, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven A. Hartung, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $3,210.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2017 as release LR-23786. The respondents named are Steven A. Hartung (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $3,210. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23786" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23786" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-a-hartung-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-maciocio-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23783", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23783", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-20", "dateResolved": "2017-03-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Maciocio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David P. Hobson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 20, 2017 as release LR-23783. The respondents named are Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23783" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23783" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-maciocio-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-patrick-churchville-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Patrick Churchville, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23781", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23781", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island", "defendants": [ { "name": "Patrick Churchville, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Patrick Churchville, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 17, 2017 as release LR-23781. The respondents named are Patrick Churchville, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23781" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23781" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-patrick-churchville-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-todd-david-alpert-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Todd David Alpert (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23780", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23780", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Todd David Alpert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Todd David Alpert, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 15, 2017 as release LR-23780. The respondents named are Todd David Alpert (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23780" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23780" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-todd-david-alpert-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nima-hedayati-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Nima Hedayati (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17881", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80238.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80238.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-03-14", "dateResolved": "2017-03-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nima Hedayati", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1270, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nima Hedayati, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $1,270.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 14, 2017 as release 3-17881. The respondents named are Nima Hedayati (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $1,270. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80238.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80238.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nima-hedayati-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lek-securities-corporation-et-al-layering-2017", "title": "SEC v. Lek Securities Corporation, et al. (layering, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23776", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23776", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Lek Securities Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lek Securities Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as layering. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 10, 2017 as release LR-23776. The respondents named are Lek Securities Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23776" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23776" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lek-securities-corporation-et-al-layering-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-notis-global-inc-f-k-a-medbox-inc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Notis Global, Inc. (f/k/a Medbox, Inc.), et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23774", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23774", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-09", "dateResolved": "2017-03-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Notis Global, Inc. (f/k/a Medbox, Inc.), et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 6014048, "disgorgementUsd": 6014048, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 270299, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Notis Global, Inc. (f/k/a Medbox, Inc.), et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $6.0 million, disgorgement of $6.0 million, prejudgment interest of $270,299.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 9, 2017 as release LR-23774. The respondents named are Notis Global, Inc. (f/k/a Medbox, Inc.), et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $6.0 million, disgorgement of $6.0 million, prejudgment interest of $270,299. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23774" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23774" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-notis-global-inc-f-k-a-medbox-inc-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arcturus-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. Arcturus Corporation, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23767", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23767", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-03", "dateResolved": "2017-03-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arcturus Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Arcturus Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 3, 2017 as release LR-23767. The respondents named are Arcturus Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23767" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23767" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arcturus-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-d-melvin-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Thomas D. Melvin, Jr., et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23766", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23766", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-03-03", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas D. Melvin, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Thomas D. Melvin, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 3, 2017 as release LR-23766. The respondents named are Thomas D. Melvin, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-03-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23766" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23766" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-d-melvin-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-fortress-investment-group-l", "title": "SEC v. One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Fortress Investment Group, LLC (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23760", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23760", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-28", "dateResolved": "2017-02-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Fortress Investment Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Fortress Investment Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 28, 2017 as release LR-23760. The respondents named are One or More Unknown Traders in the Securities of Fortress Investment Group, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23760" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23760" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-one-or-more-unknown-traders-in-the-securities-of-fortress-investment-group-l/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fx-beyond-corporation-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. FX & Beyond Corporation et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23756", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23756", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-21", "dateResolved": "2017-02-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "FX & Beyond Corporation et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against FX & Beyond Corporation et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 21, 2017 as release LR-23756. The respondents named are FX & Beyond Corporation et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23756" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23756" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fx-beyond-corporation-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-patrick-o-howard-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Patrick O. Howard, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23752", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23752", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Patrick O. Howard, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Patrick O. Howard, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 16, 2017 as release LR-23752. The respondents named are Patrick O. Howard, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23752" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23752" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-patrick-o-howard-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-carlos-javier-ramirez-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Carlos Javier Ramirez and His Companies (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7532-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7532-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Carlos Javier Ramirez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Carlos Javier Ramirez and His Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 15, 2017 as release 7532-17. The respondents named are Carlos Javier Ramirez and His Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7532-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7532-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-carlos-javier-ramirez-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sidoti-company-llc-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Sidoti & Company, LLC (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80027", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80027.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80027.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-02-13", "dateResolved": "2017-02-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sidoti & Company, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sidoti & Company, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2017 as release 34-80027. The respondents named are Sidoti & Company, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80027.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80027.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sidoti-company-llc-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yu-cheng-lin-a-k-a-believe-lin-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Yu-Cheng Lin (a.k.a. Believe Lin) (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23748", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23748", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-13", "dateResolved": "2017-02-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Yu-Cheng Lin (a.k.a. Believe Lin)", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1600000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Yu-Cheng Lin (a.k.a. Believe Lin), alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 13, 2017 as release LR-23748. The respondents named are Yu-Cheng Lin (a.k.a. Believe Lin) (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23748" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23748" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yu-cheng-lin-a-k-a-believe-lin-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-alan-barry-staples-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Alan Barry Staples (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23746", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23746", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-10", "dateResolved": "2017-02-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Alan Barry Staples", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15200, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Alan Barry Staples, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $15,200.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 10, 2017 as release LR-23746. The respondents named are Alan Barry Staples (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15,200. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23746" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23746" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-alan-barry-staples-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shaohua-michael-yin-et-al-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23747", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23747", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-10", "dateResolved": "2017-02-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 29000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 10, 2017 as release LR-23747. The respondents named are Shaohua (Michael) Yin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23747" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23747" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shaohua-michael-yin-et-al-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-raymond-h-barton-fake-press-releases-2017", "title": "SEC v. Raymond H. Barton (fake press releases, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80000", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80000.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80000.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-02-09", "dateResolved": "2017-02-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Raymond H. Barton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Raymond H. Barton, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2017 as release 34-80000. The respondents named are Raymond H. Barton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80000.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80000.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-raymond-h-barton-fake-press-releases-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-g-goode-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. William G. Goode (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-80001", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80001.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80001.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-02-09", "dateResolved": "2017-02-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William G. Goode", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against William G. Goode, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2017 as release 34-80001. The respondents named are William G. Goode (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80001.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-80001.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-g-goode-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10304", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/stoporders/2017/33-10304.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/stoporders/2017/33-10304.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-02-08", "dateResolved": "2017-02-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Oxford City Football Club, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6600000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Oxford City Football Club, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $6.6 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2017 as release 33-10304. The respondents named are Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/stoporders/2017/33-10304.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/stoporders/2017/33-10304.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017", "title": "SEC v. Oxford City Football Club, Inc., et al. (boiler rooms, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23745", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23745", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-08", "dateResolved": "2017-02-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Oxford City Football Club, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2240173, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Oxford City Football Club, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records disgorgement of $2.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2017 as release LR-23745. The respondents named are Oxford City Football Club, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23745" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23745" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-et-al-boiler-rooms-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-affa-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017", "title": "SEC v. Michael Affa, et al. (pump and dump, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23743", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23743", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-07", "dateResolved": "2017-02-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael Affa, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael Affa, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2017 as release LR-23743. The respondents named are Michael Affa, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23743" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23743" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-affa-et-al-pump-and-dump-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-olde-monmouth-stock-transfer-co-inc-and-matthew-j-troster-reverse-merger-sch", "title": "SEC v. Olde Monmouth Stock Transfer Co., Inc. and Matthew J. Troster (reverse merger schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17827", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10303.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10303.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-02-07", "dateResolved": "2017-02-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Olde Monmouth Stock Transfer Co., Inc. and Matthew J. Troster", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 22140, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Olde Monmouth Stock Transfer Co., Inc. and Matthew J. Troster, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $22,140.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2017 as release 3-17827. The respondents named are Olde Monmouth Stock Transfer Co., Inc. and Matthew J. Troster (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $22,140. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10303.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10303.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-olde-monmouth-stock-transfer-co-inc-and-matthew-j-troster-reverse-merger-sch/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-royal-bank-of-scotland-benchmark-submission-rigging-2017", "title": "CFTC v. The Royal Bank of Scotland (benchmark submission rigging, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7527-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7527-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-04", "dateResolved": "2017-02-04", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Royal Bank of Scotland", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 85000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against The Royal Bank of Scotland, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $85 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 4, 2017 as release 7527-17. The respondents named are The Royal Bank of Scotland (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $85 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7527-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7527-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-royal-bank-of-scotland-benchmark-submission-rigging-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-varacchi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Varacchi, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23739", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23739", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-02-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Varacchi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Varacchi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 2, 2017 as release LR-23739. The respondents named are Varacchi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-02-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23739" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23739" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-varacchi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-florida-residents-anthony-j-klatch-ii-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Florida Residents Anthony J. Klatch II and Lindsey Heim (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7524-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7524-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-27", "dateResolved": "2017-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Florida Residents Anthony J. Klatch II", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lindsey Heim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Florida Residents Anthony J. Klatch II and Lindsey Heim, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2017 as release 7524-17. The respondents named are Florida Residents Anthony J. Klatch II and Lindsey Heim (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7524-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7524-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-florida-residents-anthony-j-klatch-ii-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-herman-ronnie-young-jr-d-b-a-race-cycler-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Herman Ronnie Young, Jr. d/b/a Race Cycler (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23729", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23729", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-27", "dateResolved": "2017-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Herman Ronnie Young, Jr. d/b/a Race Cycler", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1320000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Herman Ronnie Young, Jr. d/b/a Race Cycler, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2017 as release LR-23729. The respondents named are Herman Ronnie Young, Jr. d/b/a Race Cycler (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23729" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23729" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-herman-ronnie-young-jr-d-b-a-race-cycler-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-black-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017", "title": "SEC v. Black and Hans Peter Interinvest Corporation, Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4624", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4624.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4624.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-24", "dateResolved": "2017-01-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Black", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hans Peter Interinvest Corporation, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Black and Hans Peter Interinvest Corporation, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 24, 2017 as release IA-4624. The respondents named are Black and Hans Peter Interinvest Corporation, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (administrative)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4624.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/ia-4624.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-black-undisclosed-control-blocks-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donald-p-jones-cpa-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Donald P. Jones, CPA (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17806", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79856.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79856.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-23", "dateResolved": "2017-01-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald P. Jones, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 27675, "penaltyUsd": 39082, "disgorgementUsd": 39082, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Donald P. Jones, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $39,082, disgorgement of $39,082.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2017 as release 3-17806. The respondents named are Donald P. Jones, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $39,082, disgorgement of $39,082. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79856.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79856.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donald-p-jones-cpa-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-n-krinos-unregistered-distributions-2017", "title": "SEC v. George N. Krinos (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23724", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23724", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George N. Krinos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1400000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against George N. Krinos, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $1.4 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2017 as release LR-23724. The respondents named are George N. Krinos (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23724" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23724" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-n-krinos-unregistered-distributions-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shelly-r-mcguire-cpa-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Shelly R. McGuire, CPA (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17805", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79855.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79855.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-23", "dateResolved": "2017-01-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shelly R. McGuire, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Shelly R. McGuire, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 23, 2017 as release 3-17805. The respondents named are Shelly R. McGuire, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79855.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79855.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shelly-r-mcguire-cpa-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7517-17-settlement-price-manipulation-2017", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7517-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7517-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-19", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2017 as release 7517-17. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7517-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7517-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7517-17-settlement-price-manipulation-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-citigroup-global-markets-inc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2017", "title": "CFTC v. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (cash vs derivatives schemes, 2017)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7516-17", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7516-17", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-19", "dateResolved": "2017-01-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citigroup Global Markets Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Citigroup Global Markets Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $25 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2017 as release 7516-17. The respondents named are Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as cash vs derivatives schemes and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7516-17" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7516-17" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-citigroup-global-markets-inc-cash-vs-derivatives-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cort-poyner-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017", "title": "SEC v. Cort Poyner et al. (paid stock promotion, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23722", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23722", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-19", "dateResolved": "2017-01-19", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cort Poyner et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Cort Poyner et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 19, 2017 as release LR-23722. The respondents named are Cort Poyner et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23722" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23722" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cort-poyner-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-a-bennett-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Charles A. Bennett (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79824", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79824.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79824.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles A. Bennett", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Charles A. Bennett, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2017 as release 34-79824. The respondents named are Charles A. Bennett (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79824.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79824.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-a-bennett-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eytan-bar-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. Eytan Bar (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17798", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10284.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10284.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-18", "dateResolved": "2017-01-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eytan Bar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 47343, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2666, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eytan Bar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $47,343, prejudgment interest of $2,666.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2017 as release 3-17798. The respondents named are Eytan Bar (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $47,343, prejudgment interest of $2,666. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10284.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10284.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eytan-bar-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mdc-partners-inc-insider-trading-2017", "title": "SEC v. MDC Partners Inc. (insider trading, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17795", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10283.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10283.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-18", "dateResolved": "2017-01-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "MDC Partners Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with MDC Partners Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2017 as release 3-17795. The respondents named are MDC Partners Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and fx, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10283.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10283.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mdc-partners-inc-insider-trading-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-orthofix-international-n-v-jeffrey-hammel-naked-short-selling-debate-2017", "title": "SEC v. Orthofix International N.V.; Jeffrey Hammel and CPA; Brian McCollum; Kenneth Mack and Bryan McMillan (naked short selling debate, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17794", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79820.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79820.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-18", "dateResolved": "2017-01-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Orthofix International N.V.; Jeffrey Hammel", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "CPA; Brian McCollum; Kenneth Mack and Bryan McMillan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 40000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Orthofix International N.V.; Jeffrey Hammel and CPA; Brian McCollum; Kenneth Mack and Bryan McMillan, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $40,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 18, 2017 as release 3-17794. The respondents named are Orthofix International N.V.; Jeffrey Hammel and CPA; Brian McCollum; Kenneth Mack and Bryan McMillan (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $40,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79820.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/34-79820.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-orthofix-international-n-v-jeffrey-hammel-naked-short-selling-debate-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robin-g-charlet-steven-w-sparks-gregory-j-tuthill-unregistered-distributions", "title": "SEC v. Robin G. Charlet, Steven W. Sparks, Gregory J. Tuthill and Kirk D. Porter (unregistered distributions, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23720", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23720", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-13", "dateResolved": "2017-01-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robin G. Charlet, Steven W. Sparks, Gregory J. Tuthill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kirk D. Porter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000, "disgorgementUsd": 323509, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robin G. Charlet, Steven W. Sparks, Gregory J. Tuthill and Kirk D. Porter, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $323,509.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2017 as release LR-23720. The respondents named are Robin G. Charlet, Steven W. Sparks, Gregory J. Tuthill and Kirk D. Porter (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $323,509. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23720" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23720" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robin-g-charlet-steven-w-sparks-gregory-j-tuthill-unregistered-distributions/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-w-gray-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017", "title": "SEC v. Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23717", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23717", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-12", "dateResolved": "2017-01-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7894100, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 24, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $7.9 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 24 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2017 as release LR-23717. The respondents named are Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 24 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23717" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23717" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-w-gray-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-itg-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2017", "title": "SEC v. ITG Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17770", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10279.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10279.pdf", "dateFiled": "2017-01-12", "dateResolved": "2017-01-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ITG Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": 750000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 15070144, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1845252, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with ITG Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $15.1 million, prejudgment interest of $1.8 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2017 as release 3-17770. The respondents named are ITG Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $15.1 million, prejudgment interest of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10279.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2017/33-10279.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-itg-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-douglas-furth-matched-orders-2017", "title": "SEC v. Douglas Furth (matched orders, 2017)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23716", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23716", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2017-01-10", "dateResolved": "2017-01-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Douglas Furth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 56000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Douglas Furth, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release records disgorgement of $56,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 10, 2017 as release LR-23716. The respondents named are Douglas Furth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $56,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2017-01-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23716" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23716" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-douglas-furth-matched-orders-2017/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-goldman-sachs-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Goldman Sachs (benchmark submission rigging, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7505-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7505-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-22", "dateResolved": "2016-12-22", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Goldman Sachs", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 120000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Goldman Sachs, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $120 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2016 as release 7505-16. The respondents named are Goldman Sachs (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $120 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7505-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7505-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-goldman-sachs-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Chamroonrat, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23709", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23709", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chamroonrat, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Chamroonrat, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2016 as release LR-23709. The respondents named are Chamroonrat, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23709" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23709" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chamroonrat-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-igor-b-oystacher-spoofing-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Igor B. Oystacher (spoofing, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7504-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7504-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-21", "dateResolved": "2016-12-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Igor B. Oystacher", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants Igor B. Oystacher, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 21, 2016 as release 7504-16. The respondents named are Defendants Igor B. Oystacher (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7504-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7504-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-igor-b-oystacher-spoofing-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-f-panos-et-al-shell-factories-2016", "title": "SEC v. Edward F. Panos, et al. (shell factories, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23703", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23703", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-20", "dateResolved": "2016-12-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward F. Panos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "shell-factories", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1437503, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 345000, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward F. Panos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as shell factories and undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $345,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2016 as release LR-23703. The respondents named are Edward F. Panos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as shell factories and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.4 million, prejudgment interest of $345,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23703" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23703" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-f-panos-et-al-shell-factories-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016", "title": "SEC v. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (benchmark submission rigging, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79606", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79606.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79606.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-20", "dateResolved": "2016-12-20", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2016 as release 34-79606. The respondents named are Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-20", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79606.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79606.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morgan-stanley-co-llc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-b-kerrigone-naked-short-selling-debate-2016", "title": "SEC v. Anthony B. Kerrigone (naked short selling debate, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79579", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79579.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79579.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": "2016-12-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony B. Kerrigone", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": 486840, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 63161, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony B. Kerrigone, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $486,840, prejudgment interest of $63,161.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 34-79579. The respondents named are Anthony B. Kerrigone (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $486,840, prejudgment interest of $63,161. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79579.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79579.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-b-kerrigone-naked-short-selling-debate-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-byron-b-barkley-and-paul-n-davis-naked-short-selling-debate-2016", "title": "SEC v. Byron B. Barkley and Paul N. Davis (naked short selling debate, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79578", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79578.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79578.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": "2016-12-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Byron B. Barkley and Paul N. Davis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 8978, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Byron B. Barkley and Paul N. Davis, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, prejudgment interest of $8,978.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 34-79578. The respondents named are Byron B. Barkley and Paul N. Davis (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, prejudgment interest of $8,978. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79578.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79578.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-byron-b-barkley-and-paul-n-davis-naked-short-selling-debate-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-empire-stock-transfer-inc-and-matthew-j-blevins-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Empire Stock Transfer, Inc. and Matthew J. Blevins (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17729", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10270.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10270.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": "2016-12-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Empire Stock Transfer, Inc. and Matthew J. Blevins", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": 3840, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Empire Stock Transfer, Inc. and Matthew J. Blevins, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $3,840.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 3-17729. The respondents named are Empire Stock Transfer, Inc. and Matthew J. Blevins (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000, disgorgement of $3,840. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10270.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10270.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-empire-stock-transfer-inc-and-matthew-j-blevins-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jo-ann-myers-and-hollis-w-pickett-jr-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jo Ann Myers and Hollis W. Pickett, Jr. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79581", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79581.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79581.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": "2016-12-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jo Ann Myers and Hollis W. Pickett, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 40406, "disgorgementUsd": 40406, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2762, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jo Ann Myers and Hollis W. Pickett, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $40,406, disgorgement of $40,406, prejudgment interest of $2,762.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 34-79581. The respondents named are Jo Ann Myers and Hollis W. Pickett, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $40,406, disgorgement of $40,406, prejudgment interest of $2,762. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79581.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79581.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jo-ann-myers-and-hollis-w-pickett-jr-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-muellerleile-esq-and-m2-law-professional-corp-reverse-merger-schem", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Muellerleile, Esq. and M2 Law Professional Corp. (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17727", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10268.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10268.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": "2016-12-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Muellerleile, Esq. and M2 Law Professional Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 70000, "disgorgementUsd": 73058, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael J. Muellerleile, Esq. and M2 Law Professional Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $70,000, disgorgement of $73,058.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 3-17727. The respondents named are Michael J. Muellerleile, Esq. and M2 Law Professional Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $70,000, disgorgement of $73,058. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10268.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10268.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-muellerleile-esq-and-m2-law-professional-corp-reverse-merger-schem/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wilson-davis-company-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2016", "title": "SEC v. Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79580", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79580.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79580.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2016 as release 34-79580. The respondents named are Wilson-Davis & Company, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79580.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79580.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wilson-davis-company-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7498-16-wash-trading-2016", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (wash trading, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7498-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7498-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 15, 2016 as release 7498-16. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-15", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7498-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7498-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7498-16-wash-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-winters-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Marc Winters (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-79460", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79460.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79460.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-12-02", "dateResolved": "2016-12-02", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc Winters", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 4170, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4103, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marc Winters, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $4,103.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 2, 2016 as release 34-79460. The respondents named are Marc Winters (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4,103. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-02", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79460.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79460.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-winters-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-cboe-member-alvin-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Former CBOE Member Alvin (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7492-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7492-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-12-01", "dateResolved": "2016-12-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Former CBOE Member Alvin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 12382207, "disgorgementUsd": 4127402, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Former CBOE Member Alvin, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $12.4 million, disgorgement of $4.1 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2016 as release 7492-16. The respondents named are Former CBOE Member Alvin (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $12.4 million, disgorgement of $4.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-12-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7492-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7492-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-cboe-member-alvin-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-blackbird-capital-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Blackbird Capital Partners, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23695", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23695", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Blackbird Capital Partners, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Blackbird Capital Partners, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 30, 2016 as release LR-23695. The respondents named are Blackbird Capital Partners, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23695" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23695" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-blackbird-capital-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-neman-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Neman and Shervin Neman Financial, Inc. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4575", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4575.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4575.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-11-29", "dateResolved": "2016-11-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Neman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Shervin Neman Financial, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Neman and Shervin Neman Financial, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 29, 2016 as release IA-4575. The respondents named are Neman and Shervin Neman Financial, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (administrative)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4575.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4575.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-neman-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dennis-ira-ringer-unregistered-distributions-2016", "title": "SEC v. Dennis Ira Ringer (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10259", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10259.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10259.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-11-23", "dateResolved": "2016-11-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dennis Ira Ringer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25000, "disgorgementUsd": 2152923, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 303558, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Dennis Ira Ringer, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $303,558.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 23, 2016 as release 33-10259. The respondents named are Dennis Ira Ringer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,000, disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $303,558. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10259.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10259.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dennis-ira-ringer-unregistered-distributions-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7488-16-spoofing-2016", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (spoofing, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7488-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7488-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2016 as release 7488-16. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7488-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7488-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7488-16-spoofing-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. and others (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23692", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23692", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Will D. Allen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Susan C. Daub", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al., Will D. Allen and Susan C. Daub, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 22, 2016 as release LR-23692. The respondents named are Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al., Will D. Allen and Susan C. Daub (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23692" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23692" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gary-r-purwin-cpa-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Gary R. Purwin, CPA (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17695", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79369.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79369.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-11-21", "dateResolved": "2016-11-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gary R. Purwin, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 20000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Gary R. Purwin, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $20,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 21, 2016 as release 3-17695. The respondents named are Gary R. Purwin, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $20,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79369.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79369.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gary-r-purwin-cpa-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-navinder-singh-sarao-layering-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Navinder Singh Sarao (layering, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7486-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7486-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-18", "dateResolved": "2016-11-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Navinder Singh Sarao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 38000000, "disgorgementUsd": 12871587, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Navinder Singh Sarao, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering, price manipulation and spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $38 million, disgorgement of $12.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 18, 2016 as release 7486-16. The respondents named are Navinder Singh Sarao (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $38 million, disgorgement of $12.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7486-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7486-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-navinder-singh-sarao-layering-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sanjay-valvani-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Sanjay Valvani and Gordon Johnston (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23688", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23688", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-14", "dateResolved": "2016-11-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sanjay Valvani", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gordon Johnston", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sanjay Valvani and Gordon Johnston, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 14, 2016 as release LR-23688. The respondents named are Sanjay Valvani and Gordon Johnston (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23688" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23688" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sanjay-valvani-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-u-k-resident-navinder-singh-spoofing-2016", "title": "CFTC v. U.K. Resident Navinder Singh (price manipulation, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7480-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7480-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-10", "dateResolved": "2016-11-10", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "U.K. Resident Navinder Singh", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with U.K. Resident Navinder Singh, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 10, 2016 as release 7480-16. The respondents named are U.K. Resident Navinder Singh (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-10", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7480-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7480-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-u-k-resident-navinder-singh-spoofing-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-mcphail-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Eric McPhail and Douglas Parigian (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23686", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23686", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-09", "dateResolved": "2016-11-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric McPhail", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Douglas Parigian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 50754, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 18, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eric McPhail and Douglas Parigian, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $50,754. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 18 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2016 as release LR-23686. The respondents named are Eric McPhail and Douglas Parigian (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $50,754. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 18 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23686" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23686" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-mcphail-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Herbert K. Sudfeld (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23687", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23687", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Herbert K. Sudfeld", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 91747, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Herbert K. Sudfeld, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $91,747. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 9, 2016 as release LR-23687. The respondents named are Herbert K. Sudfeld (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $91,747. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23687" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23687" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-andrade-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Andrade, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23681", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23681", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-01", "dateResolved": "2016-11-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island", "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Andrade, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Anthony Andrade, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 1, 2016 as release LR-23681. The respondents named are Anthony Andrade, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23681" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23681" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-andrade-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicholas-h-shermeta-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Nicholas H. Shermeta and Napa Properties, LLC (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23680", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23680", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-11-01", "dateResolved": "2016-11-01", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicholas H. Shermeta", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Napa Properties, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nicholas H. Shermeta and Napa Properties, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $6.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 1, 2016 as release LR-23680. The respondents named are Nicholas H. Shermeta and Napa Properties, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-11-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23680" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23680" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicholas-h-shermeta-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-l-reger-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Michael L. Reger (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17653", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10241.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10241.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-10-31", "dateResolved": "2016-10-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael L. Reger", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": 6500000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael L. Reger, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000, disgorgement of $6.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 31, 2016 as release 3-17653. The respondents named are Michael L. Reger (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000, disgorgement of $6.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10241.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10241.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-l-reger-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-curt-kramer-and-hope-capital-inc-unregistered-distributions-2016", "title": "SEC v. Curt Kramer and Hope Capital, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10239", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10239.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10239.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-10-27", "dateResolved": "2016-10-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Curt Kramer and Hope Capital, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 525603, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 54144, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Curt Kramer and Hope Capital, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $525,603, prejudgment interest of $54,144.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2016 as release 33-10239. The respondents named are Curt Kramer and Hope Capital, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $525,603, prejudgment interest of $54,144. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10239.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10239.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-curt-kramer-and-hope-capital-inc-unregistered-distributions-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-salis-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Salis, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23674", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23674", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-10-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Salis, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher Salis, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 21, 2016 as release LR-23674. The respondents named are Christopher Salis, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23674" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23674" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-salis-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-c-cope-esq-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. James C. Cope, Esq. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23675", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23675", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-10-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James C. Cope, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 56000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James C. Cope, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 21, 2016 as release LR-23675. The respondents named are James C. Cope, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23675" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23675" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-c-cope-esq-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-artis-capital-management-l-p-and-michael-w-harden-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Artis Capital Management, L.P. and Michael W. Harden (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4550", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4550.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4550.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-10-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Artis Capital Management, L.P. and Michael W. Harden", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 5165862, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5165862, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1129222, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Artis Capital Management, L.P. and Michael W. Harden, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $5.2 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 13, 2016 as release IA-4550. The respondents named are Artis Capital Management, L.P. and Michael W. Harden (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.2 million, prejudgment interest of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4550.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4550.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-artis-capital-management-l-p-and-michael-w-harden-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-front-running-2016", "title": "SEC v. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (front running, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17622", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79083.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79083.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-10-12", "dateResolved": "2016-10-12", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running", "insider-trading", "newsletter-scalping" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as front running, insider trading and newsletter scalping. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 12, 2016 as release 3-17622. The respondents named are Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, insider trading and newsletter scalping, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79083.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-79083.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-deutsche-bank-securities-inc-front-running-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-weed-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Richard Weed et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23671", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23671", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-10-04", "dateResolved": "2016-10-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Weed et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1519213, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 48, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard Weed et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.5 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 48 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 4, 2016 as release LR-23671. The respondents named are Richard Weed et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, pump and dump and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 48 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23671" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23671" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-weed-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-jersey-residents-alcibiades-cifuentes-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. New Jersey Residents Alcibiades Cifuentes and Jennifer Wee Cifuentes (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7463-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7463-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-10-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "New Jersey Residents Alcibiades Cifuentes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jennifer Wee Cifuentes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New Jersey Residents Alcibiades Cifuentes and Jennifer Wee Cifuentes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2016 as release 7463-16. The respondents named are New Jersey Residents Alcibiades Cifuentes and Jennifer Wee Cifuentes (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7463-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7463-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-jersey-residents-alcibiades-cifuentes-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ikenna-ikokwu-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Ikenna Ikokwu, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23670", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23670", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ikenna Ikokwu, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ikenna Ikokwu, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2016 as release LR-23670. The respondents named are Ikenna Ikokwu, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23670" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23670" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ikenna-ikokwu-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-w-galanis-et-al-matched-orders-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jason W. Galanis, et al. (matched orders, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23664", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23664", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-30", "dateResolved": "2016-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason W. Galanis, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jason W. Galanis, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2016 as release LR-23664. The respondents named are Jason W. Galanis, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23664" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23664" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-w-galanis-et-al-matched-orders-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-louis-t-buonocore-jeremy-r-draper-frank-j-morelli-iii-berardino-dino-paolucc", "title": "SEC v. Louis T. Buonocore, Jeremy R. Draper, Frank J. Morelli, III, Berardino \"Dino\" Paolucci, Jr. and Don L. Rose (matched orders, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23668", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23668", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-30", "dateResolved": "2016-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Louis T. Buonocore, Jeremy R. Draper, Frank J. Morelli, III, Berardino \"Dino\" Paolucci, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Don L. Rose", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 3200000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Louis T. Buonocore, Jeremy R. Draper, Frank J. Morelli, III, Berardino \"Dino\" Paolucci, Jr. and Don L. Rose, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2016 as release LR-23668. The respondents named are Louis T. Buonocore, Jeremy R. Draper, Frank J. Morelli, III, Berardino \"Dino\" Paolucci, Jr. and Don L. Rose (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23668" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23668" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-louis-t-buonocore-jeremy-r-draper-frank-j-morelli-iii-berardino-dino-paolucc/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marcus-a-luna-et-al-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Marcus A. Luna, et al. (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23666", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23666", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marcus A. Luna, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marcus A. Luna, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms, paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2016 as release LR-23666. The respondents named are Marcus A. Luna, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23666" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23666" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marcus-a-luna-et-al-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vladimir-eydelman-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Vladimir Eydelman and Steven Metro (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23667", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23667", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-30", "dateResolved": "2016-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vladimir Eydelman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Steven Metro", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1236657, "disgorgementUsd": 1236657, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 36, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vladimir Eydelman and Steven Metro, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million, disgorgement of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 36 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2016 as release LR-23667. The respondents named are Vladimir Eydelman and Steven Metro (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million, disgorgement of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 36 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23667" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23667" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vladimir-eydelman-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nino-coppero-del-valle-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Nino Coppero del Valle et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23660", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23660", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nino Coppero del Valle et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 73000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Nino Coppero del Valle et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2016 as release LR-23660. The respondents named are Nino Coppero del Valle et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23660" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23660" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nino-coppero-del-valle-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-och-ziff-capital-management-group-llc-oz-management-lp-och-paid-stock-promot", "title": "SEC v. Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC Oz Management LP Och and others (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17595", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78989.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78989.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-29", "dateResolved": "2016-09-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC Oz Management LP Och", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel S. Frank", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Joel M.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC Oz Management LP Och, Daniel S. Frank and Joel M., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2016 as release 3-17595. The respondents named are Och-Ziff Capital Management Group LLC Oz Management LP Och, Daniel S. Frank and Joel M. (2 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78989.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78989.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-och-ziff-capital-management-group-llc-oz-management-lp-och-paid-stock-promot/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-gadimian-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Robert Gadimian (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23662", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23662", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Gadimian", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert Gadimian, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2016 as release LR-23662. The respondents named are Robert Gadimian (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23662" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23662" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-gadimian-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-advanced-trading-workshop-newsletter-scalping-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Advanced Trading Workshop (newsletter scalping, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7453-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7453-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-28", "dateResolved": "2016-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Advanced Trading Workshop", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 470000, "disgorgementUsd": 470000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Advanced Trading Workshop, alleging conduct this library classifies as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $470,000, disgorgement of $470,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2016 as release 7453-16. The respondents named are Advanced Trading Workshop (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as newsletter scalping and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $470,000, disgorgement of $470,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7453-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7453-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-advanced-trading-workshop-newsletter-scalping-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sg-americas-securities-wash-trading-2016", "title": "CFTC v. SG Americas Securities (wash trading, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7456-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7456-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-28", "dateResolved": "2016-09-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SG Americas Securities", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against SG Americas Securities, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2016 as release 7456-16. The respondents named are SG Americas Securities (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7456-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7456-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sg-americas-securities-wash-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-v-sizer-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Craig V. Sizer, and Miguel Mesa (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23658", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23658", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-28", "dateResolved": "2016-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig V. Sizer,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Miguel Mesa", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Craig V. Sizer, and Miguel Mesa, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2016 as release LR-23658. The respondents named are Craig V. Sizer, and Miguel Mesa (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23658" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23658" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-v-sizer-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-a-wallace-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jason A. Wallace (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23656", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23656", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason A. Wallace", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason A. Wallace, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms, paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 27, 2016 as release LR-23656. The respondents named are Jason A. Wallace (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23656" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23656" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-a-wallace-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-p-barucci-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Frank P. Barucci (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78938", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78938.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78938.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-26", "dateResolved": "2016-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank P. Barucci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 40356, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Frank P. Barucci, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2016 as release 34-78938. The respondents named are Frank P. Barucci (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78938.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78938.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-p-barucci-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-s-barucci-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Frank S. Barucci (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78937", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78937.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78937.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-26", "dateResolved": "2016-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank S. Barucci", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 40356, "penaltyUsd": 56021, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1156, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Frank S. Barucci, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $56,021, prejudgment interest of $1,156.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2016 as release 34-78937. The respondents named are Frank S. Barucci (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $56,021, prejudgment interest of $1,156. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78937.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78937.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-s-barucci-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-syed-a-hashim-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Syed A. Hashim (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78940", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78940.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78940.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-26", "dateResolved": "2016-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Syed A. Hashim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 10032, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Syed A. Hashim, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2016 as release 34-78940. The respondents named are Syed A. Hashim (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78940.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78940.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-syed-a-hashim-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vijay-s-rajan-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Vijay S. Rajan (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78939", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78939.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78939.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-26", "dateResolved": "2016-09-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vijay S. Rajan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": 10032, "penaltyUsd": 27906, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vijay S. Rajan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $27,906.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2016 as release 34-78939. The respondents named are Vijay S. Rajan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $27,906. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78939.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78939.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vijay-s-rajan-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-colin-whelehan-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Colin Whelehan and Sheren Tsai (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23652", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23652", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-22", "dateResolved": "2016-09-22", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Colin Whelehan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sheren Tsai", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 19500, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 23914, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Colin Whelehan and Sheren Tsai, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $23,914.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2016 as release LR-23652. The respondents named are Colin Whelehan and Sheren Tsai (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $23,914. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23652" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23652" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-colin-whelehan-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-tamayo-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Frank Tamayo (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23650", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23650", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-21", "dateResolved": "2016-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Tamayo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1236657, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Frank Tamayo, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2016 as release LR-23650. The respondents named are Frank Tamayo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23650" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23650" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-tamayo-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-saleem-khan-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Saleem Khan et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23649", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23649", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-21", "dateResolved": "2016-09-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Saleem Khan et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 16000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 847147, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Saleem Khan et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $16 million, prejudgment interest of $847,147.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2016 as release LR-23649. The respondents named are Saleem Khan et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $16 million, prejudgment interest of $847,147. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23649" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23649" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-saleem-khan-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-jsc-vtb-bank-wash-trading-2016", "title": "CFTC v. JSC VTB Bank and VTB Capital PLC Jointly (wash trading, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7446-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7446-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-20", "dateResolved": "2016-09-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "JSC VTB Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "VTB Capital PLC Jointly", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against JSC VTB Bank and VTB Capital PLC Jointly, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2016 as release 7446-16. The respondents named are JSC VTB Bank and VTB Capital PLC Jointly (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7446-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7446-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-jsc-vtb-bank-wash-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-jones-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Jones (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23648", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23648", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Jones", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark A. Jones, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 20, 2016 as release LR-23648. The respondents named are Mark A. Jones (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23648" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23648" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-jones-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bodden-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Bodden and Cliffe R. (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17549", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10214.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10214.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-16", "dateResolved": "2016-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bodden", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Cliffe R.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bodden and Cliffe R., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2016 as release 3-17549. The respondents named are Bodden and Cliffe R. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10214.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10214.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bodden-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fusion-pharm-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Fusion Pharm, Inc. (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17545", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10210.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10210.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-16", "dateResolved": "2016-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fusion Pharm, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Fusion Pharm, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2016 as release 3-17545. The respondents named are Fusion Pharm, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10210.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10210.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fusion-pharm-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-microcap-management-llc-bayside-realty-holdings-llc-meadpoint-venture-partne", "title": "SEC v. Microcap Management LLC Bayside Realty Holdings LLC Meadpoint Venture Partners, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17548", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10213.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10213.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-16", "dateResolved": "2016-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Microcap Management LLC Bayside Realty Holdings LLC Meadpoint Venture Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Microcap Management LLC Bayside Realty Holdings LLC Meadpoint Venture Partners, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2016 as release 3-17548. The respondents named are Microcap Management LLC Bayside Realty Holdings LLC Meadpoint Venture Partners, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10213.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10213.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-microcap-management-llc-bayside-realty-holdings-llc-meadpoint-venture-partne/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sears-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Sears and William J. (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17547", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10212.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10212.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-16", "dateResolved": "2016-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sears", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "William J.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sears and William J., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2016 as release 3-17547. The respondents named are Sears and William J. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10212.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10212.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sears-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tod-a-ditommaso-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10215", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10215.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10215.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2016 as release 33-10215. The respondents named are Tod A. Ditommaso, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10215.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10215.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tod-a-ditommaso-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-metro-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Steven Metro (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23646", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23646", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Metro", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 46, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Steven Metro, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 46 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2016 as release LR-23646. The respondents named are Steven Metro (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 46 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23646" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23646" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-metro-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-manuel-e-jesus-aka-manny-backus-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Manuel E. Jesus aka Manny Backus, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23645", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23645", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-13", "dateResolved": "2016-09-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Manuel E. Jesus aka Manny Backus, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 235000, "disgorgementUsd": 1135145, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Manuel E. Jesus aka Manny Backus, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $235,000, disgorgement of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2016 as release LR-23645. The respondents named are Manuel E. Jesus aka Manny Backus, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $235,000, disgorgement of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23645" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23645" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-manuel-e-jesus-aka-manny-backus-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-weed-esq-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Richard Weed, Esq. (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78832", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78832.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78832.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Weed, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Richard Weed, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 13, 2016 as release 34-78832. The respondents named are Richard Weed, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78832.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78832.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-weed-esq-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bokf-na-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. BOKF, NA (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17533", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10204.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10204.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-09-09", "dateResolved": "2016-09-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BOKF, NA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against BOKF, NA, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2016 as release 3-17533. The respondents named are BOKF, NA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10204.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10204.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bokf-na-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dennis-w-hamilton-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Dennis W. Hamilton (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23637", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23637", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dennis W. Hamilton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 977000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dennis W. Hamilton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 7, 2016 as release LR-23637. The respondents named are Dennis W. Hamilton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23637" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23637" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dennis-w-hamilton-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-contrarian-press-llc-scott-s-fraser-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23636", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23636", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-09-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nathan Yeung", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 6, 2016 as release LR-23636. The respondents named are Contrarian Press, LLC, Scott S. Fraser, and Nathan Yeung (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-09-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23636" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23636" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-contrarian-press-llc-scott-s-fraser-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dennis-wayne-hamilton-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Dennis Wayne Hamilton (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23631", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23631", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Dennis Wayne Hamilton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Dennis Wayne Hamilton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 30, 2016 as release LR-23631. The respondents named are Dennis Wayne Hamilton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23631" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23631" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dennis-wayne-hamilton-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-f-panos-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Edward F. Panos, et al. (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23627", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23627", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward F. Panos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward F. Panos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2016 as release LR-23627. The respondents named are Edward F. Panos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23627" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23627" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-f-panos-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cedric-canas-maillard-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Cedric Cañas Maillard (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23625", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23625", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-24", "dateResolved": "2016-08-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cedric Cañas Maillard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 278157, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Cedric Cañas Maillard, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $278,157.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 24, 2016 as release LR-23625. The respondents named are Cedric Cañas Maillard (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $278,157. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23625" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23625" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cedric-canas-maillard-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peterson-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Peterson and Curtis A. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78639", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78639.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78639.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-23", "dateResolved": "2016-08-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peterson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Curtis A.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 7500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Peterson and Curtis A., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $7,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 23, 2016 as release 34-78639. The respondents named are Peterson and Curtis A. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $7,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78639.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78639.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peterson-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-w-r-miller-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. John W.R. Miller (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78623", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78623.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78623.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-22", "dateResolved": "2016-08-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John W.R. Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John W.R. Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 22, 2016 as release 34-78623. The respondents named are John W.R. Miller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78623.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78623.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-w-r-miller-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bay-city-transfer-agency-and-registrar-inc-amersey-undisclosed-control-block", "title": "SEC v. Bay City Transfer Agency and Registrar, Inc. Amersey and Nitin M. (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78608", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78608.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78608.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bay City Transfer Agency and Registrar, Inc. Amersey", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nitin M.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bay City Transfer Agency and Registrar, Inc. Amersey and Nitin M., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2016 as release 34-78608. The respondents named are Bay City Transfer Agency and Registrar, Inc. Amersey and Nitin M. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78608.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78608.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bay-city-transfer-agency-and-registrar-inc-amersey-undisclosed-control-block/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-j-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23621", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23621", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-18", "dateResolved": "2016-08-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "J. Patrick O'Neill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert H. Bray", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2016 as release LR-23621. The respondents named are J. Patrick O'Neill and Robert H. Bray (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23621" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23621" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-j-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-stewart-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Sean Stewart (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23620", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23620", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean Stewart", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Sean Stewart, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 18, 2016 as release LR-23620. The respondents named are Sean Stewart (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23620" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23620" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-stewart-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7428-16-insider-trading-2016", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7428-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7428-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-17", "dateResolved": "2016-08-17", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2016 as release 7428-16. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7428-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7428-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7428-16-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-damon-m-barnes-and-cathy-s-barnes-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Damon M. Barnes and Cathy S. Barnes (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78579", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78579.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78579.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-16", "dateResolved": "2016-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Damon M. Barnes and Cathy S. Barnes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 566500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Damon M. Barnes and Cathy S. Barnes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $566,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2016 as release 34-78579. The respondents named are Damon M. Barnes and Cathy S. Barnes (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $566,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78579.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78579.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-damon-m-barnes-and-cathy-s-barnes-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-j-bean-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Daniel J. Bean (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78581", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78581.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78581.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-16", "dateResolved": "2016-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel J. Bean", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 7500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 11905, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Daniel J. Bean, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $7,500, prejudgment interest of $11,905.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2016 as release 34-78581. The respondents named are Daniel J. Bean (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $7,500, prejudgment interest of $11,905. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78581.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78581.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-j-bean-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeremy-d-barnes-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jeremy D. Barnes (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78580", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78580.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78580.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-16", "dateResolved": "2016-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeremy D. Barnes", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeremy D. Barnes, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2016 as release 34-78580. The respondents named are Jeremy D. Barnes (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78580.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78580.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeremy-d-barnes-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-l-shipley-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. John L. Shipley (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78582", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78582.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78582.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-16", "dateResolved": "2016-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John L. Shipley", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 7500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 15822, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John L. Shipley, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $7,500, prejudgment interest of $15,822.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2016 as release 34-78582. The respondents named are John L. Shipley (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $7,500, prejudgment interest of $15,822. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78582.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78582.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-l-shipley-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joshua-m-beauregard-and-jennifer-m-beauregard-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Joshua M. Beauregard and Jennifer M. Beauregard (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78583", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78583.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78583.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-16", "dateResolved": "2016-08-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joshua M. Beauregard and Jennifer M. Beauregard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 24800, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joshua M. Beauregard and Jennifer M. Beauregard, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $24,800.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 16, 2016 as release 34-78583. The respondents named are Joshua M. Beauregard and Jennifer M. Beauregard (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $24,800. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78583.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78583.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joshua-m-beauregard-and-jennifer-m-beauregard-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lathen-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Lathen and Donald F. (\"Jay\") Jr. Eden Arc Capital Management, LLC Eden Arc Capital Advisors, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17387", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10120.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10120.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-08-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lathen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Donald F. (\"Jay\") Jr. Eden Arc Capital Management, LLC Eden Arc Capital Advisors, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Lathen and Donald F. (\"Jay\") Jr. Eden Arc Capital Management, LLC Eden Arc Capital Advisors, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 15, 2016 as release 3-17387. The respondents named are Lathen and Donald F. (\"Jay\") Jr. Eden Arc Capital Management, LLC Eden Arc Capital Advisors, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10120.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10120.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lathen-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-paul-t-rampoldi-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Paul T. Rampoldi , et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23619", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23619", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Paul T. Rampoldi , et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Paul T. Rampoldi , et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 12, 2016 as release LR-23619. The respondents named are Paul T. Rampoldi , et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23619" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23619" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-paul-t-rampoldi-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-patrick-churchville-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Patrick Churchville (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23612", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23612", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Patrick Churchville", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Patrick Churchville, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 5, 2016 as release LR-23612. The respondents named are Patrick Churchville (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23612" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23612" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-patrick-churchville-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Edward J. Kosinski (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23611", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23611", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward J. Kosinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edward J. Kosinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 4, 2016 as release LR-23611. The respondents named are Edward J. Kosinski (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23611" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23611" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-j-kosinski-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-john-d-briner-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2016", "title": "CFTC v. John D. Briner (custodianship shell hijacking, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7416-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7416-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-08-03", "dateResolved": "2016-08-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "John D. Briner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "custodianship-shell-hijacking" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 280000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against John D. Briner, alleging conduct this library classifies as custodianship shell hijacking. The release records a civil penalty of $280,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 3, 2016 as release 7416-16. The respondents named are John D. Briner (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as custodianship shell hijacking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $280,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-08-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7416-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7416-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-john-d-briner-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/custodianship-shell-hijacking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-traffic-monsoon-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Traffic Monsoon et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23604", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23604", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Traffic Monsoon et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Traffic Monsoon et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 28, 2016 as release LR-23604. The respondents named are Traffic Monsoon et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23604" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23604" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-traffic-monsoon-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffery-a-mccollum-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jeffery A. McCollum and JNL Oilfield Instruments, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23603", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23603", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-27", "dateResolved": "2016-07-27", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffery A. McCollum", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "JNL Oilfield Instruments, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 160000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jeffery A. McCollum and JNL Oilfield Instruments, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $160,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 27, 2016 as release LR-23603. The respondents named are Jeffery A. McCollum and JNL Oilfield Instruments, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $160,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23603" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23603" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffery-a-mccollum-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-jr-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23602", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23602", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2016 as release LR-23602. The respondents named are Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23602" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23602" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-jr-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yi-chen-cpa-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Yi Chen, CPA (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17361", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78413.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78413.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-26", "dateResolved": "2016-07-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Yi Chen, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Yi Chen, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 26, 2016 as release 3-17361. The respondents named are Yi Chen, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78413.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78413.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yi-chen-cpa-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-braslau-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Braslau and Samuel (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78409", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78409.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78409.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Braslau", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Samuel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Braslau and Samuel, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2016 as release 34-78409. The respondents named are Braslau and Samuel (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78409.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78409.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-braslau-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-hugh-brennan-iii-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. James Hugh Brennan, III, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23600", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23600", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Hugh Brennan, III, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James Hugh Brennan, III, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2016 as release LR-23600. The respondents named are James Hugh Brennan, III, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23600" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23600" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-hugh-brennan-iii-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-samuel-braslau-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Samuel Braslau (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-78410", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78410.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78410.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Samuel Braslau", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Samuel Braslau, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2016 as release 34-78410. The respondents named are Samuel Braslau (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-25", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78410.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78410.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-samuel-braslau-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-d-melvin-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Thomas D. Melvin, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23601", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23601", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-25", "dateResolved": "2016-07-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas D. Melvin, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Thomas D. Melvin, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 25, 2016 as release LR-23601. The respondents named are Thomas D. Melvin, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23601" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23601" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-d-melvin-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-blount-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Blount and John Steven (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17251", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78398.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78398.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Blount", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John Steven", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Blount and John Steven, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 22, 2016 as release 3-17251. The respondents named are Blount and John Steven (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78398.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78398.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-blount-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-phoenix-companies-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016", "title": "SEC v. The Phoenix Companies, Inc. (benchmark submission rigging, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17345", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78341.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78341.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-15", "dateResolved": "2016-07-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Phoenix Companies, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Phoenix Companies, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2016 as release 3-17345. The respondents named are The Phoenix Companies, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78341.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78341.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-phoenix-companies-inc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-matthew-j-marcus-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Matthew J. Marcus (custodianship shell hijacking, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7403-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7403-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-08", "dateResolved": "2016-07-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Matthew J. Marcus", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "custodianship-shell-hijacking" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants Matthew J. Marcus, alleging conduct this library classifies as custodianship shell hijacking. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2016 as release 7403-16. The respondents named are Defendants Matthew J. Marcus (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as custodianship shell hijacking, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7403-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7403-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-matthew-j-marcus-custodianship-shell-hijacking-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/custodianship-shell-hijacking/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-thomas-w-avent-jr-raymond-j-pirrello-jr-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Thomas W. Avent, Jr., Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., and Lawrence J. Penna (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23593", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23593", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Thomas W. Avent, Jr., Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr.,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lawrence J. Penna", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Thomas W. Avent, Jr., Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., and Lawrence J. Penna, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2016 as release LR-23593. The respondents named are Thomas W. Avent, Jr., Raymond J. Pirrello, Jr., and Lawrence J. Penna (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23593" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23593" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-thomas-w-avent-jr-raymond-j-pirrello-jr-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-toni-tong-chen-cpa-unregistered-distributions-2016", "title": "SEC v. Toni Tong Chen, CPA (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17330", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78270.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78270.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-07-08", "dateResolved": "2016-07-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Toni Tong Chen, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Toni Tong Chen, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 8, 2016 as release 3-17330. The respondents named are Toni Tong Chen, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78270.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-78270.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-toni-tong-chen-cpa-unregistered-distributions-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-naples-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Naples (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7400-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7400-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-06", "dateResolved": "2016-07-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Naples", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 7500000, "disgorgementUsd": 4948571, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 78, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Naples, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $7.5 million, disgorgement of $4.9 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 78 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2016 as release 7400-16. The respondents named are Naples (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $7.5 million, disgorgement of $4.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 78 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7400-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7400-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-naples-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-luis-martin-caro-sanchez-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Luis Martin-Caro Sanchez (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23591", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23591", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-07-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Luis Martin-Caro Sanchez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Luis Martin-Caro Sanchez, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 5, 2016 as release LR-23591. The respondents named are Luis Martin-Caro Sanchez (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-07-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23591" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23591" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-luis-martin-caro-sanchez-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-former-cboe-member-alvin-guy-wilkinson-and-his-connecticut-based-entities-p", "title": "CFTC v. Former CBOE Member Alvin Guy Wilkinson and his Connecticut-based Entities (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7398-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7398-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Former CBOE Member Alvin Guy Wilkinson and his Connecticut-based Entities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Former CBOE Member Alvin Guy Wilkinson and his Connecticut-based Entities, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2016 as release 7398-16. The respondents named are Former CBOE Member Alvin Guy Wilkinson and his Connecticut-based Entities (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7398-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7398-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-former-cboe-member-alvin-guy-wilkinson-and-his-connecticut-based-entities-p/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-f-kerr-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Andrew F. Kerr (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23586", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23586", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew F. Kerr", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew F. Kerr, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 29, 2016 as release LR-23586. The respondents named are Andrew F. Kerr (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23586" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23586" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-f-kerr-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-chris-faulkner-et-al-price-manipulation-2016", "title": "SEC v. Chris Faulkner, et. al (price manipulation, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23582", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23582", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chris Faulkner, et. al", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Chris Faulkner, et. al, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2016 as release LR-23582. The respondents named are Chris Faulkner, et. al (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23582" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23582" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-chris-faulkner-et-al-price-manipulation-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-malcolm-segal-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Malcolm Segal (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23583", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23583", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-24", "dateResolved": "2016-06-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Malcolm Segal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 126, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Malcolm Segal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 126 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 24, 2016 as release LR-23583. The respondents named are Malcolm Segal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 126 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23583" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23583" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-malcolm-segal-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mitchell-brown-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Mitchell Brown (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23576", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23576", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-21", "dateResolved": "2016-06-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mitchell Brown", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mitchell Brown, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 21, 2016 as release LR-23576. The respondents named are Mitchell Brown (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23576" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23576" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mitchell-brown-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-s-hannon-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. James S. Hannon (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23574", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23574", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-20", "dateResolved": "2016-06-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James S. Hannon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 26679, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against James S. Hannon, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $26,679.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2016 as release LR-23574. The respondents named are James S. Hannon (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $26,679. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23574" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23574" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-s-hannon-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stratocomm-corporation-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. StratoComm Corporation, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23572", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23572", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "StratoComm Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4968710, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against StratoComm Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $5.0 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 17, 2016 as release LR-23572. The respondents named are StratoComm Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.0 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23572" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23572" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stratocomm-corporation-et-al-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-salis-douglas-miller-edward-miller-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Salis, Douglas Miller, Edward Miller, and Barrett Biehl (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23571", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23571", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Salis, Douglas Miller, Edward Miller,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Barrett Biehl", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher Salis, Douglas Miller, Edward Miller, and Barrett Biehl, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 16, 2016 as release LR-23571. The respondents named are Christopher Salis, Douglas Miller, Edward Miller, and Barrett Biehl (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23571" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23571" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-salis-douglas-miller-edward-miller-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-k-proctor-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Andrew K. Proctor, et al. (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23568", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23568", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-14", "dateResolved": "2016-06-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew K. Proctor, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 910000, "disgorgementUsd": 11115954, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1473249, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Andrew K. Proctor, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $910,000, disgorgement of $11.1 million, prejudgment interest of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 14, 2016 as release LR-23568. The respondents named are Andrew K. Proctor, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $910,000, disgorgement of $11.1 million, prejudgment interest of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23568" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23568" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-k-proctor-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-providence-financial-investments-inc-providence-fixed-income-fund-llc-jeffor", "title": "SEC v. Providence Financial Investments, Inc., Providence Fixed Income Fund, LLC, Jeffory Churchfield, and Jack Jarrell (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23567", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23567", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-13", "dateResolved": "2016-06-13", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Providence Financial Investments, Inc., Providence Fixed Income Fund, LLC, Jeffory Churchfield,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jack Jarrell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Providence Financial Investments, Inc., Providence Fixed Income Fund, LLC, Jeffory Churchfield, and Jack Jarrell, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 13, 2016 as release LR-23567. The respondents named are Providence Financial Investments, Inc., Providence Fixed Income Fund, LLC, Jeffory Churchfield, and Jack Jarrell (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and fx.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23567" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23567" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-providence-financial-investments-inc-providence-fixed-income-fund-llc-jeffor/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dynkowski-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Dynkowski, et al. (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23563", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23563", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-09", "dateResolved": "2016-06-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Delaware", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dynkowski, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 83245, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dynkowski, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $83,245. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2016 as release LR-23563. The respondents named are Dynkowski, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $83,245. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23563" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23563" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dynkowski-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-guolin-ma-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Guolin Ma (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23564", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23564", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-09", "dateResolved": "2016-06-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Guolin Ma", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 367387, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Guolin Ma, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $367,387.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2016 as release LR-23564. The respondents named are Guolin Ma (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $367,387. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23564" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23564" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-guolin-ma-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ethiopian-electric-power-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016", "title": "SEC v. Ethiopian Electric Power (benchmark submission rigging, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-10093", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10093.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10093.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-06-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ethiopian Electric Power", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5847804, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 601051, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ethiopian Electric Power, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records disgorgement of $5.8 million, prejudgment interest of $601,051.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 8, 2016 as release 33-10093. The respondents named are Ethiopian Electric Power (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.8 million, prejudgment interest of $601,051. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10093.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10093.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ethiopian-electric-power-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-maciocio-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23561", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23561", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Maciocio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David P. Hobson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 8, 2016 as release LR-23561. The respondents named are Michael J. Maciocio and David P. Hobson (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23561" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23561" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-maciocio-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-miller-energy-resources-inc-boyd-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Miller Energy Resources, Inc. Boyd and others (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16729", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10091.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10091.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-06-07", "dateResolved": "2016-06-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Miller Energy Resources, Inc. Boyd", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Paul W., CPA Hall", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David M. Vogt", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Carlton W., III, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Miller Energy Resources, Inc. Boyd, Paul W., CPA Hall, David M. Vogt and Carlton W., III, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 7, 2016 as release 3-16729. The respondents named are Miller Energy Resources, Inc. Boyd, Paul W., CPA Hall, David M. Vogt and Carlton W., III, CPA (3 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-07", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10091.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10091.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-miller-energy-resources-inc-boyd-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-grossman-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Richard Grossman (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23559", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23559", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-06", "dateResolved": "2016-06-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Grossman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Richard Grossman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 6, 2016 as release LR-23559. The respondents named are Richard Grossman (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23559" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23559" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-grossman-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-haena-park-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Haena Park and Her Companies Phaetra Capital GP LLC (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7382-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7382-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Haena Park", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Her Companies Phaetra Capital GP LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Haena Park and Her Companies Phaetra Capital GP LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 4, 2016 as release 7382-16. The respondents named are Haena Park and Her Companies Phaetra Capital GP LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-04", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7382-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7382-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-haena-park-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-d-nunan-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Peter D. Nunan (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23558", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23558", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-03", "dateResolved": "2016-06-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter D. Nunan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 254858, "disgorgementUsd": 254858, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Peter D. Nunan, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $254,858, disgorgement of $254,858.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 3, 2016 as release LR-23558. The respondents named are Peter D. Nunan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $254,858, disgorgement of $254,858. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23558" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23558" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-d-nunan-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-spongetech-delivery-systems-inc-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016", "title": "SEC v. Spongetech Delivery Systems, Inc., et al. (pump and dump, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23557", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23557", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-02", "dateResolved": "2016-06-02", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Spongetech Delivery Systems, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 44537, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Spongetech Delivery Systems, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $44,537.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 2, 2016 as release LR-23557. The respondents named are Spongetech Delivery Systems, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $44,537. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23557" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23557" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-spongetech-delivery-systems-inc-et-al-pump-and-dump-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-albert-fried-company-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Albert Fried & Company, LLC (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77971", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77971.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77971.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-06-01", "dateResolved": "2016-06-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Albert Fried & Company, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Albert Fried & Company, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 1, 2016 as release 34-77971. The respondents named are Albert Fried & Company, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with NYSE, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77971.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77971.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-albert-fried-company-llc-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-v-mcclatchey-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23552", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23552", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-06-01", "dateResolved": "2016-06-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven V. McClatchey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gary J. Pusey", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 1, 2016 as release LR-23552. The respondents named are Steven V. McClatchey and Gary J. Pusey (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-06-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23552" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23552" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-v-mcclatchey-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jsg-capital-investments-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. JSG Capital Investments, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23550", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23550", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "JSG Capital Investments, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against JSG Capital Investments, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 31, 2016 as release LR-23550. The respondents named are JSG Capital Investments, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23550" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23550" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jsg-capital-investments-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-b-kaplan-esq-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. David B. Kaplan, Esq., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23547", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23547", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Nevada", "defendants": [ { "name": "David B. Kaplan, Esq., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David B. Kaplan, Esq., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2016 as release LR-23547. The respondents named are David B. Kaplan, Esq., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Nevada.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23547" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23547" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-b-kaplan-esq-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-federated-global-investment-management-corp-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Federated Global Investment Management Corp. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4401", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4401.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4401.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-05-27", "dateResolved": "2016-05-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Federated Global Investment Management Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Federated Global Investment Management Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 27, 2016 as release IA-4401. The respondents named are Federated Global Investment Management Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4401.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/ia-4401.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-federated-global-investment-management-corp-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-citibank-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Citibank (benchmark submission rigging, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7372-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7372-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-26", "dateResolved": "2016-05-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citibank", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 175000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Citibank, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $175 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 26, 2016 as release 7372-16. The respondents named are Citibank (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $175 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7372-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7372-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-citibank-benchmark-submission-rigging-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23545", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23545", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher R. Esposito, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Christopher R. Esposito, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 26, 2016 as release LR-23545. The respondents named are Christopher R. Esposito, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23545" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23545" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-r-esposito-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. John Patrick O'Neill (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23539", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23539", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John Patrick O'Neill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Patrick O'Neill, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 13, 2016 as release LR-23539. The respondents named are John Patrick O'Neill (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23539" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23539" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-patrick-o-neill-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-imran-husain-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Imran Husain, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23537", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23537", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-12", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Imran Husain, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "shell-factories" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Imran Husain, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and shell factories. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 12, 2016 as release LR-23537. The respondents named are Imran Husain, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and shell factories, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23537" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23537" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-imran-husain-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/shell-factories/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-louis-martin-blazer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Louis Martin Blazer III (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23534", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23534", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-06", "dateResolved": "2016-05-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Louis Martin Blazer III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Louis Martin Blazer III, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2016 as release LR-23534. The respondents named are Louis Martin Blazer III (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23534" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23534" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-louis-martin-blazer-iii-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marquis-properties-llc-chad-deucher-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Marquis Properties LLC, Chad Deucher and Richard Clatfelter (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23533", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23533", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-05-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marquis Properties LLC, Chad Deucher", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Richard Clatfelter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marquis Properties LLC, Chad Deucher and Richard Clatfelter, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 5, 2016 as release LR-23533. The respondents named are Marquis Properties LLC, Chad Deucher and Richard Clatfelter (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-05-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23533" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23533" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marquis-properties-llc-chad-deucher-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-santos-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016", "title": "SEC v. Santos and Postal & Company, P.C. and Joseph A. Scolaro, CPA (undisclosed control blocks, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17238", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77745.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77745.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-04-29", "dateResolved": "2016-04-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Santos", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Postal & Company, P.C. and Joseph A. Scolaro, CPA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 25800, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3277, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Santos and Postal & Company, P.C. and Joseph A. Scolaro, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $25,800, prejudgment interest of $3,277.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 29, 2016 as release 3-17238. The respondents named are Santos and Postal & Company, P.C. and Joseph A. Scolaro, CPA (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $25,800, prejudgment interest of $3,277. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77745.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77745.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-santos-undisclosed-control-blocks-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-asher-z-zwebner-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Asher Z. Zwebner and Luke C. Zouvas, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23526", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23526", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Asher Z. Zwebner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Luke C. Zouvas, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Asher Z. Zwebner and Luke C. Zouvas, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 26, 2016 as release LR-23526. The respondents named are Asher Z. Zwebner and Luke C. Zouvas, et al. (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23526" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23526" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-asher-z-zwebner-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-grabowski-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Robert Grabowski (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23525", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23525", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-22", "dateResolved": "2016-04-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Grabowski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 144, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Grabowski, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 144 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2016 as release LR-23525. The respondents named are Robert Grabowski (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 144 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-22", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23525" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23525" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-grabowski-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ener1-inc-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Ener1, Inc. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17213", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10068.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10068.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-04-19", "dateResolved": "2016-04-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ener1, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ener1, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 19, 2016 as release 3-17213. The respondents named are Ener1, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10068.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10068.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ener1-inc-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ariel-quiros-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Ariel Quiros, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23520", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23520", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ariel Quiros, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Ariel Quiros, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2016 as release LR-23520. The respondents named are Ariel Quiros, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23520" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23520" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ariel-quiros-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-afriyie-analyst-manipulation-2016", "title": "SEC v. John Afriyie (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23519", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23519", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "John Afriyie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1500000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Afriyie, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2016 as release LR-23519. The respondents named are John Afriyie (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23519" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23519" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-afriyie-analyst-manipulation-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-town-of-ramapo-et-al-wash-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Town of Ramapo, et al. (wash trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23521", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23521", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Town of Ramapo, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Town of Ramapo, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 14, 2016 as release LR-23521. The respondents named are Town of Ramapo, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23521" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23521" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-town-of-ramapo-et-al-wash-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-e-mapp-iii-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. William E. Mapp, III, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23515", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23515", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-11", "dateResolved": "2016-04-11", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "William E. Mapp, III, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": 66000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William E. Mapp, III, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $66,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 11, 2016 as release LR-23515. The respondents named are William E. Mapp, III, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000, disgorgement of $66,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23515" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23515" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-e-mapp-iii-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-aubel-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. David Aubel and Robert Raffa (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23511", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23511", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David Aubel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Robert Raffa", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David Aubel and Robert Raffa, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 7, 2016 as release LR-23511. The respondents named are David Aubel and Robert Raffa (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23511" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23511" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-aubel-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-laborio-et-al-boiler-rooms-2016", "title": "SEC v. Edward Laborio, et al. (boiler rooms, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23512", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23512", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-07", "dateResolved": "2016-04-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Laborio, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward Laborio, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 7, 2016 as release LR-23512. The respondents named are Edward Laborio, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23512" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23512" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-laborio-et-al-boiler-rooms-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-cftc-defendants-heet-khara-spoofing-2016", "title": "CFTC v. CFTC Defendants Heet Khara (spoofing, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7353-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7353-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-06", "dateResolved": "2016-04-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "CFTC Defendants Heet Khara", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2690000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against CFTC Defendants Heet Khara, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $2.7 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 6, 2016 as release 7353-16. The respondents named are CFTC Defendants Heet Khara (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7353-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7353-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-cftc-defendants-heet-khara-spoofing-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-staten-island-resident-michael-pucciarelli-and-his-company-wash-trading-201", "title": "CFTC v. Staten Island-Resident Michael Pucciarelli and his Company (wash trading, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7355-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7355-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-04-06", "dateResolved": "2016-04-06", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Staten Island-Resident Michael Pucciarelli and his Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 280000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Staten Island-Resident Michael Pucciarelli and his Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $280,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 6, 2016 as release 7355-16. The respondents named are Staten Island-Resident Michael Pucciarelli and his Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $280,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7355-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7355-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-staten-island-resident-michael-pucciarelli-and-his-company-wash-trading-201/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steve-pappas-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Steve Pappas (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77525", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77525.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77525.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-04-05", "dateResolved": "2016-04-05", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steve Pappas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 50000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steve Pappas, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $50,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 5, 2016 as release 34-77525. The respondents named are Steve Pappas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $50,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-04-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77525.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77525.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steve-pappas-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-scott-clark-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. John Scott Clark (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23509", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23509", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-31", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John Scott Clark", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against John Scott Clark, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2016 as release LR-23509. The respondents named are John Scott Clark (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-31", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23509" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23509" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-scott-clark-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-rivera-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Daniel Rivera, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23506", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23506", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-30", "dateResolved": "2016-03-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Rivera, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 160000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 20013, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel Rivera, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $160,000, prejudgment interest of $20,013.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 30, 2016 as release LR-23506. The respondents named are Daniel Rivera, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $160,000, prejudgment interest of $20,013. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23506" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23506" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-rivera-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gibson-front-running-2016", "title": "SEC v. Gibson and Christopher M. (front running, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17184", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77466.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77466.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-03-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gibson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Christopher M.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gibson and Christopher M., alleging conduct this library classifies as front running. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2016 as release 3-17184. The respondents named are Gibson and Christopher M. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77466.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77466.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gibson-front-running-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tobin-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Tobin Smith, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23504", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23504", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-29", "dateResolved": "2016-03-29", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Tobin Smith, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 75000, "disgorgementUsd": 165900, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tobin Smith, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $75,000, disgorgement of $165,900.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 29, 2016 as release LR-23504. The respondents named are Tobin Smith, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $75,000, disgorgement of $165,900. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23504" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23504" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tobin-smith-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-arcturus-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2016", "title": "SEC v. Arcturus Corporation, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23497", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23497", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arcturus Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Arcturus Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2016 as release LR-23497. The respondents named are Arcturus Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23497" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23497" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-arcturus-corporation-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-canaccord-genuity-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Canaccord Genuity Inc. (reverse merger schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17178", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10059.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10059.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-03-24", "dateResolved": "2016-03-24", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Canaccord Genuity Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 407481, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 42717, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Canaccord Genuity Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records disgorgement of $407,481, prejudgment interest of $42,717.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 24, 2016 as release 3-17178. The respondents named are Canaccord Genuity Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $407,481, prejudgment interest of $42,717. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10059.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10059.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-canaccord-genuity-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-guy-gentile-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Guy Gentile (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23496", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23496", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Guy Gentile", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Guy Gentile, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 23, 2016 as release LR-23496. The respondents named are Guy Gentile (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23496" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23496" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-guy-gentile-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-e-hardy-iii-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. John E. Hardy III (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23492", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23492", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-18", "dateResolved": "2016-03-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John E. Hardy III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 184132, "penaltyUsd": 184132, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 11389, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John E. Hardy III, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $184,132, prejudgment interest of $11,389.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 18, 2016 as release LR-23492. The respondents named are John E. Hardy III (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $184,132, prejudgment interest of $11,389. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23492" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23492" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-e-hardy-iii-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cary-lee-peterson-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Cary Lee Peterson, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23489", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23489", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cary Lee Peterson, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Cary Lee Peterson, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2016 as release LR-23489. The respondents named are Cary Lee Peterson, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23489" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23489" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cary-lee-peterson-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-j-wolff-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Eric J. Wolff (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77383", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77383.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77383.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-03-16", "dateResolved": "2016-03-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric J. Wolff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 87600, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eric J. Wolff, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $87,600.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2016 as release 34-77383. The respondents named are Eric J. Wolff (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $87,600. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77383.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77383.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-j-wolff-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-jones-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Jones (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23490", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23490", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Jones", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mark A. Jones, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2016 as release LR-23490. The respondents named are Mark A. Jones (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23490" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23490" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-jones-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-yue-han-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Yue Han, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23491", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23491", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-16", "dateResolved": "2016-03-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Yue Han, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 468131, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Yue Han, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 16, 2016 as release LR-23491. The respondents named are Yue Han, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23491" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23491" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-yue-han-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-royal-alliance-associates-inc-churning-2016", "title": "SEC v. Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. and Sagepoint Financial, Inc. and Fsc Securities Corporation (churning, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17169", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77362.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77362.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-03-14", "dateResolved": "2016-03-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Royal Alliance Associates, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Sagepoint Financial, Inc. and Fsc Securities Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1956460, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 93399, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. and Sagepoint Financial, Inc. and Fsc Securities Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as churning. The release records disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $93,399.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 14, 2016 as release 3-17169. The respondents named are Royal Alliance Associates, Inc. and Sagepoint Financial, Inc. and Fsc Securities Corporation (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.0 million, prejudgment interest of $93,399. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77362.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77362.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-royal-alliance-associates-inc-churning-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aequitas-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Aequitas Management, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23485", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23485", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aequitas Management, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Aequitas Management, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2016 as release LR-23485. The respondents named are Aequitas Management, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23485" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23485" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aequitas-management-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-reed-j-killion-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016", "title": "SEC v. Reed J. Killion, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23484", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23484", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-10", "dateResolved": "2016-03-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Reed J. Killion, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Reed J. Killion, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 10, 2016 as release LR-23484. The respondents named are Reed J. Killion, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23484" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23484" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-reed-j-killion-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23482", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23482", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-09", "dateResolved": "2016-03-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MRI International, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 580000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $580 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 9, 2016 as release LR-23482. The respondents named are Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $580 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23482" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23482" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daryl-m-payton-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Daryl M. Payton, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23478", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23478", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Daryl M. Payton, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Daryl M. Payton, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2016 as release LR-23478. The respondents named are Daryl M. Payton, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23478" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23478" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daryl-m-payton-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-craig-n-salamone-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Craig N. Salamone (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77259", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77259.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77259.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-03-01", "dateResolved": "2016-03-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Craig N. Salamone", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 9491, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Craig N. Salamone, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $9,491.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 1, 2016 as release 34-77259. The respondents named are Craig N. Salamone (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $9,491. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77259.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77259.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-craig-n-salamone-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zachary-zwerko-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Zachary Zwerko and David L. Post (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23477", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23477", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-03-01", "dateResolved": "2016-03-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zachary Zwerko", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "David L. Post", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 683000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 57000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 37, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Zachary Zwerko and David L. Post, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $57,000. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 37 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 1, 2016 as release LR-23477. The respondents named are Zachary Zwerko and David L. Post (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $57,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 37 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-03-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23477" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23477" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zachary-zwerko-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bonan-huang-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Bonan Huang, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23476", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23476", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-02-26", "dateResolved": "2016-02-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bonan Huang, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4403545, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 288965, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bonan Huang, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $4.4 million, prejudgment interest of $288,965.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 26, 2016 as release LR-23476. The respondents named are Bonan Huang, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.4 million, prejudgment interest of $288,965. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23476" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23476" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bonan-huang-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Steven Fishoff, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23474", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23474", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-02-24", "dateResolved": "2016-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven Fishoff, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Steven Fishoff, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2016 as release LR-23474. The respondents named are Steven Fishoff, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23474" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23474" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-fishoff-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ibc-funds-llc-unregistered-distributions-2016", "title": "SEC v. IBC Funds, LLC (unregistered distributions, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17125", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10042.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10042.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-02-19", "dateResolved": "2016-02-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "IBC Funds, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2200000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 32850, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with IBC Funds, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $32,850.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 19, 2016 as release 3-17125. The respondents named are IBC Funds, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2.2 million, prejudgment interest of $32,850. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10042.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10042.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ibc-funds-llc-unregistered-distributions-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-nicholas-a-prezioso-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Nicholas A. Prezioso (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77185", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77185.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77185.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-02-19", "dateResolved": "2016-02-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Nicholas A. Prezioso", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 131238, "disgorgementUsd": 262476, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Nicholas A. Prezioso, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $131,238, disgorgement of $262,476.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 19, 2016 as release 34-77185. The respondents named are Nicholas A. Prezioso (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $131,238, disgorgement of $262,476. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77185.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77185.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-nicholas-a-prezioso-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-randy-a-hamdan-fake-press-releases-2016", "title": "SEC v. Randy A. Hamdan and Oracle Consultants, LLC (fake press releases, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23470", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23470", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-02-17", "dateResolved": "2016-02-17", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Randy A. Hamdan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Oracle Consultants, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 29216, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5965, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Randy A. Hamdan and Oracle Consultants, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases and pump and dump. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $29,216, prejudgment interest of $5,965.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 17, 2016 as release LR-23470. The respondents named are Randy A. Hamdan and Oracle Consultants, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $29,216, prejudgment interest of $5,965. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23470" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23470" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-randy-a-hamdan-fake-press-releases-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-abdallah-fadel-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Abdallah Fadel (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77109", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77109.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77109.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-02-10", "dateResolved": "2016-02-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Abdallah Fadel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 36000, "disgorgementUsd": 109077, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 17259, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Abdallah Fadel, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $36,000, disgorgement of $109,077, prejudgment interest of $17,259.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 10, 2016 as release 34-77109. The respondents named are Abdallah Fadel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $36,000, disgorgement of $109,077, prejudgment interest of $17,259. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77109.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77109.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-abdallah-fadel-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7321-16-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7321-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7321-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-02-09", "dateResolved": "2016-02-09", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 8235678, "disgorgementUsd": 2745226, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $8.2 million, disgorgement of $2.7 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2016 as release 7321-16. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $8.2 million, disgorgement of $2.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7321-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7321-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7321-16-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jarrod-l-spector-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Jarrod L. Spector (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-77094", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77094.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77094.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-02-09", "dateResolved": "2016-02-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jarrod L. Spector", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 21350, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 3014, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jarrod L. Spector, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $21,350, prejudgment interest of $3,014.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2016 as release 34-77094. The respondents named are Jarrod L. Spector (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $21,350, prejudgment interest of $3,014. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77094.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-77094.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jarrod-l-spector-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-m-munakash-carlos-a-rodriguez-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Robert M. Munakash, Carlos A. Rodriguez, and Marc Winters (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23460", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23460", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-02-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert M. Munakash, Carlos A. Rodriguez,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Marc Winters", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Robert M. Munakash, Carlos A. Rodriguez, and Marc Winters, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 8, 2016 as release LR-23460. The respondents named are Robert M. Munakash, Carlos A. Rodriguez, and Marc Winters (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-02-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23460" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23460" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-m-munakash-carlos-a-rodriguez-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-credit-suisse-securities-usa-llc-matched-orders-2016", "title": "SEC v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (matched orders, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17078", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10013.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10013.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-01-31", "dateResolved": "2016-01-31", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 20675511, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release records disgorgement of $20.7 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 31, 2016 as release 3-17078. The respondents named are Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $20.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10013.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/33-10013.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-credit-suisse-securities-usa-llc-matched-orders-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23455", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23455", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-01-27", "dateResolved": "2016-01-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Vlad B. Spivak, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Vlad B. Spivak, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2016 as release LR-23455. The respondents named are Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23455" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23455" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marquis-properties-llc-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "SEC v. Marquis Properties, LLC (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23451", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23451", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-01-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marquis Properties, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marquis Properties, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2016 as release LR-23451. The respondents named are Marquis Properties, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23451" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23451" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marquis-properties-llc-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendant-nikolai-s-battoo-ponzi-schemes-2016", "title": "CFTC v. Defendant Nikolai S. Battoo (ponzi schemes, 2016)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7306-16", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7306-16", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2016-01-14", "dateResolved": "2016-01-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendant Nikolai S. Battoo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 147000000, "disgorgementUsd": 49000000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendant Nikolai S. Battoo, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $147 million, disgorgement of $49 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2016 as release 7306-16. The respondents named are Defendant Nikolai S. Battoo (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $147 million, disgorgement of $49 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7306-16" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7306-16" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendant-nikolai-s-battoo-ponzi-schemes-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-goldman-and-sachs-co-naked-short-selling-debate-2016", "title": "SEC v. Goldman and Sachs & Co. (naked short selling debate, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76899", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76899.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76899.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-01-14", "dateResolved": "2016-01-14", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Goldman and Sachs & Co.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Goldman and Sachs & Co., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 14, 2016 as release 34-76899. The respondents named are Goldman and Sachs & Co. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76899.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76899.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-goldman-and-sachs-co-naked-short-selling-debate-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-reid-a-hackney-cpa-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Reid A. Hackney, CPA (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-17047", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76879.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76879.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-01-12", "dateResolved": "2016-01-12", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Reid A. Hackney, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 48050, "disgorgementUsd": 48050, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Reid A. Hackney, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $48,050, disgorgement of $48,050.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 12, 2016 as release 3-17047. The respondents named are Reid A. Hackney, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $48,050, disgorgement of $48,050. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-12", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76879.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76879.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-reid-a-hackney-cpa-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vivian-s-shields-insider-trading-2016", "title": "SEC v. Vivian S. Shields (insider trading, 2016)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76818", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76818.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76818.pdf", "dateFiled": "2016-01-04", "dateResolved": "2016-01-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vivian S. Shields", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2016, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vivian S. Shields, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 4, 2016 as release 34-76818. The respondents named are Vivian S. Shields (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2016-01-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76818.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2016/34-76818.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vivian-s-shields-insider-trading-2016/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bonan-huang-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Bonan Huang, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23438", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23438", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-23", "dateResolved": "2015-12-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bonan Huang, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bonan Huang, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 23, 2015 as release LR-23438. The respondents named are Bonan Huang, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23438" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23438" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bonan-huang-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-ling-marking-the-close-2015", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Ling (marking the close, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23439", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23439", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-23", "dateResolved": "2015-12-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Ling", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close", "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": 454006, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael J. Ling, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close and matched orders. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $454,006.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 23, 2015 as release LR-23439. The respondents named are Michael J. Ling (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close and matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000, disgorgement of $454,006. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23439" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23439" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-ling-marking-the-close-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-danny-e-carpenter-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Danny E. Carpenter (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76741", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76741.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76741.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-12-22", "dateResolved": "2015-12-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Danny E. Carpenter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 8120, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1193, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Danny E. Carpenter, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $8,120, prejudgment interest of $1,193.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2015 as release 34-76741. The respondents named are Danny E. Carpenter (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $8,120, prejudgment interest of $1,193. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76741.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76741.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-danny-e-carpenter-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diane-d-dalmy-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Diane D. Dalmy, Esq. (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76740", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76740.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76740.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-12-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Diane D. Dalmy, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "conduct-based injunction" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Diane D. Dalmy, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 22, 2015 as release 34-76740. The respondents named are Diane D. Dalmy, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: conduct-based injunction.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76740.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76740.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diane-d-dalmy-esq-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-e-shear-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Eric E. Shear (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76695", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76695.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76695.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-12-18", "dateResolved": "2015-12-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric E. Shear", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 2968, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eric E. Shear, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $2,968.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 18, 2015 as release 34-76695. The respondents named are Eric E. Shear (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $2,968. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76695.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76695.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-e-shear-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-laborio-boiler-rooms-2015", "title": "SEC v. Edward Laborio and Jonathan Fraiman (boiler rooms, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23430", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23430", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-16", "dateResolved": "2015-12-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward Laborio", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jonathan Fraiman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edward Laborio and Jonathan Fraiman, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release records a civil penalty of $4 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2015 as release LR-23430. The respondents named are Edward Laborio and Jonathan Fraiman (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23430" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23430" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-laborio-boiler-rooms-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-boiler-rooms-2015", "title": "SEC v. Oxford City Football Club, Inc. and Thomas Anthony Guerriero (boiler rooms, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23429", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23429", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Oxford City Football Club, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Thomas Anthony Guerriero", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 495000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Oxford City Football Club, Inc. and Thomas Anthony Guerriero, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 16, 2015 as release LR-23429. The respondents named are Oxford City Football Club, Inc. and Thomas Anthony Guerriero (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23429" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23429" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oxford-city-football-club-inc-boiler-rooms-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jessica-gilbertson-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jessica Gilbertson (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23428", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23428", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jessica Gilbertson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 9000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jessica Gilbertson, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 15, 2015 as release LR-23428. The respondents named are Jessica Gilbertson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23428" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23428" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jessica-gilbertson-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23424", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23424", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jehu Hand", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Antonio Katz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 11, 2015 as release LR-23424. The respondents named are Jehu Hand and Antonio Katz (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23424" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23424" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jehu-hand-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-total-gas-settlement-price-manipulation-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Total Gas (price manipulation, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7289-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7289-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-08", "dateResolved": "2015-12-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Total Gas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 3600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Total Gas, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $3.6 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 8, 2015 as release 7289-15. The respondents named are Total Gas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $3.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7289-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7289-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-total-gas-settlement-price-manipulation-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jeffrey-k-skilling-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jeffrey K. Skilling et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": null, "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23422", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-08", "dateResolved": "2015-12-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jeffrey K. Skilling et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 292, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jeffrey K. Skilling et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 292 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 8, 2015. The respondents named are Jeffrey K. Skilling et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 292 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23422" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23422" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jeffrey-k-skilling-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-trudy-r-gilmond-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Trudy R. Gilmond (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23421", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23421", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Trudy R. Gilmond", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1700000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Trudy R. Gilmond, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 8, 2015 as release LR-23421. The respondents named are Trudy R. Gilmond (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23421" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23421" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-trudy-r-gilmond-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-national-note-of-utah-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. National Note of Utah and Wayne L. Palmer (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23419", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23419", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-04", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "National Note of Utah", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Wayne L. Palmer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1050000, "disgorgementUsd": 1767287, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against National Note of Utah and Wayne L. Palmer, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.1 million, disgorgement of $1.8 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 4, 2015 as release LR-23419. The respondents named are National Note of Utah and Wayne L. Palmer (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.1 million, disgorgement of $1.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23419" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23419" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-national-note-of-utah-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-arya-motazedi-front-running-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Arya Motazedi (front running, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7286-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7286-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-03", "dateResolved": "2015-12-03", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Arya Motazedi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "front-running", "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Arya Motazedi, alleging conduct this library classifies as front running and insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 3, 2015 as release 7286-15. The respondents named are Arya Motazedi (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as front running and insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-03", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7286-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7286-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-arya-motazedi-front-running-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/front-running/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-homero-joshua-garza-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Homero Joshua Garza (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23415", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23415", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Homero Joshua Garza", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Homero Joshua Garza, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2015 as release LR-23415. The respondents named are Homero Joshua Garza (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto and equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23415" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23415" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-homero-joshua-garza-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-a-torchia-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. James A. Torchia et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23416", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23416", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-12-01", "dateResolved": "2015-12-01", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James A. Torchia et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James A. Torchia et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on December 1, 2015 as release LR-23416. The respondents named are James A. Torchia et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-12-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23416" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23416" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-a-torchia-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marwood-group-research-llc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Marwood Group Research, LLC (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16970", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76512.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76512.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-11-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marwood Group Research, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Marwood Group Research, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 24, 2015 as release 3-16970. The respondents named are Marwood Group Research, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-24", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76512.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76512.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marwood-group-research-llc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-c-watson-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Steven C. Watson (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23408", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23408", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-11-17", "dateResolved": "2015-11-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven C. Watson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven C. Watson, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 17, 2015 as release LR-23408. The respondents named are Steven C. Watson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23408" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23408" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-c-watson-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zhichen-zhou-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Zhichen Zhou and Yannan Liu (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23403", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23403", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-11-10", "dateResolved": "2015-11-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zhichen Zhou", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Yannan Liu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Zhichen Zhou and Yannan Liu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 10, 2015 as release LR-23403. The respondents named are Zhichen Zhou and Yannan Liu (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23403" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23403" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zhichen-zhou-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-navinder-sarao-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Navinder Sarao (benchmark submission rigging, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7274-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7274-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-11-07", "dateResolved": "2015-11-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Navinder Sarao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "ponzi-schemes", "price-manipulation", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "crypto", "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "ICE", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1560000, "disgorgementUsd": 551000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Navinder Sarao, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, ponzi schemes, price manipulation, spoofing and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.6 million, disgorgement of $551,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2015 as release 7274-15. The respondents named are Navinder Sarao (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, ponzi schemes, price manipulation, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and crypto and futures and fx, with CBOT, ICE, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.6 million, disgorgement of $551,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7274-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7274-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-navinder-sarao-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-abraxas-j-discala-marc-e-wexler-matthew-a-bell-craig-l-josephberg-reverse-me", "title": "SEC v. Abraxas J. Discala, Marc E. Wexler, Matthew A. Bell, Craig L. Josephberg, and Ira Shapiro (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23400", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23400", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-11-04", "dateResolved": "2015-11-04", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Abraxas J. Discala, Marc E. Wexler, Matthew A. Bell, Craig L. Josephberg,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Ira Shapiro", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Abraxas J. Discala, Marc E. Wexler, Matthew A. Bell, Craig L. Josephberg, and Ira Shapiro, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 4, 2015 as release LR-23400. The respondents named are Abraxas J. Discala, Marc E. Wexler, Matthew A. Bell, Craig L. Josephberg, and Ira Shapiro (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-04", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23400" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23400" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-abraxas-j-discala-marc-e-wexler-matthew-a-bell-craig-l-josephberg-reverse-me/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-fenway-partners-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Fenway Partners, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4253", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4253.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4253.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-11-03", "dateResolved": "2015-11-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fenway Partners, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Fenway Partners, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 3, 2015 as release IA-4253. The respondents named are Fenway Partners, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4253.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4253.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-fenway-partners-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23398", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23398", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-11-02", "dateResolved": "2015-11-02", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Vlad B. Spivak, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Vlad B. Spivak, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on November 2, 2015 as release LR-23398. The respondents named are Vlad B. Spivak, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-11-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23398" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23398" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vlad-b-spivak-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-m-apostelos-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. William M. Apostelos, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23397", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23397", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William M. Apostelos, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against William M. Apostelos, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 30, 2015 as release LR-23397. The respondents named are William M. Apostelos, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23397" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23397" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-m-apostelos-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-diverse-financial-corp-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Diverse Financial Corp., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23396", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23396", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Diverse Financial Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Diverse Financial Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 29, 2015 as release LR-23396. The respondents named are Diverse Financial Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23396" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23396" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-diverse-financial-corp-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mary-beth-knight-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mary Beth Knight and Rebecca Norton (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23395", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23395", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-28", "dateResolved": "2015-10-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mary Beth Knight", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Rebecca Norton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mary Beth Knight and Rebecca Norton, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 28, 2015 as release LR-23395. The respondents named are Mary Beth Knight and Rebecca Norton (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23395" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23395" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mary-beth-knight-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-summit-trust-company-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Summit Trust Company, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23393", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23393", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-27", "dateResolved": "2015-10-27", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Summit Trust Company, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 1300000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 120000, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Summit Trust Company, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $120,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 27, 2015 as release LR-23393. The respondents named are Summit Trust Company, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $1.3 million, prejudgment interest of $120,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23393" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23393" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-summit-trust-company-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-n-fry-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. James N. Fry (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4242", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4242.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4242.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-10-26", "dateResolved": "2015-10-26", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James N. Fry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James N. Fry, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2015 as release IA-4242. The respondents named are James N. Fry (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-26", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4242.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4242.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-n-fry-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-catapano-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Catapano and Michael Piervinanzi (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23392", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23392", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-26", "dateResolved": "2015-10-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Catapano", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Piervinanzi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 44000, "disgorgementUsd": 31000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph Catapano and Michael Piervinanzi, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $44,000, disgorgement of $31,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 26, 2015 as release LR-23392. The respondents named are Joseph Catapano and Michael Piervinanzi (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $44,000, disgorgement of $31,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23392" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23392" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-catapano-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-vladimir-eydelman-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Vladimir Eydelman (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23391", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23391", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-23", "dateResolved": "2015-10-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Vladimir Eydelman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 1236657, "penaltyUsd": 1236657, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Vladimir Eydelman, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 23, 2015 as release LR-23391. The respondents named are Vladimir Eydelman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23391" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23391" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-vladimir-eydelman-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-john-r-bullar-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. John R. Bullar (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7266-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7266-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John R. Bullar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against John R. Bullar, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 21, 2015 as release 7266-15. The respondents named are John R. Bullar (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7266-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7266-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-john-r-bullar-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-watson-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Watson (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7267-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7267-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-21", "dateResolved": "2015-10-21", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan", "defendants": [ { "name": "Watson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 27000000, "disgorgementUsd": 186181, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 144, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Watson, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $27 million, disgorgement of $186,181. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 144 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 21, 2015 as release 7267-15. The respondents named are Watson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $27 million, disgorgement of $186,181. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 144 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7267-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7267-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-watson-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-chicago-trader-igor-b-oystacher-his-proprietary-trading-company-spoofing-20", "title": "CFTC v. Chicago Trader Igor B. Oystacher & His Proprietary Trading Company (spoofing, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7264-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7264-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Chicago Trader Igor B. Oystacher & His Proprietary Trading Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Chicago Trader Igor B. Oystacher & His Proprietary Trading Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 20, 2015 as release 7264-15. The respondents named are Chicago Trader Igor B. Oystacher & His Proprietary Trading Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7264-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7264-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-chicago-trader-igor-b-oystacher-his-proprietary-trading-company-spoofing-20/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-andrew-farmer-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Andrew Farmer, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23386", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23386", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Andrew Farmer, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Andrew Farmer, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 9, 2015 as release LR-23386. The respondents named are Andrew Farmer, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23386" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23386" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-andrew-farmer-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-francis-j-van-steenberge-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Francis J. van Steenberge and Nicolas Zanen (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23385", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23385", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-09", "dateResolved": "2015-10-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Francis J. van Steenberge", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nicolas Zanen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Francis J. van Steenberge and Nicolas Zanen, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 9, 2015 as release LR-23385. The respondents named are Francis J. van Steenberge and Nicolas Zanen (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23385" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23385" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-francis-j-van-steenberge-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-allen-ross-smith-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Allen Ross Smith (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23383", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23383", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-08", "dateResolved": "2015-10-08", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Hampshire", "defendants": [ { "name": "Allen Ross Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 43343, "disgorgementUsd": 39525, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Allen Ross Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $43,343, disgorgement of $39,525. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 8, 2015 as release LR-23383. The respondents named are Allen Ross Smith (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Hampshire.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $43,343, disgorgement of $39,525. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23383" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23383" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-allen-ross-smith-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-briargate-trading-llc-spoofing-2015", "title": "SEC v. Briargate Trading, LLC and and Eric Oscher (spoofing, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16889", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9959.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9959.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-10-08", "dateResolved": "2015-10-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Briargate Trading, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Eric Oscher", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 37842, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Briargate Trading, LLC and and Eric Oscher, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records prejudgment interest of $37,842.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 8, 2015 as release 3-16889. The respondents named are Briargate Trading, LLC and and Eric Oscher (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $37,842. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9959.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9959.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-briargate-trading-llc-spoofing-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-garfield-taylor-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Garfield Taylor, Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23381", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23381", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-08", "dateResolved": "2015-10-08", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Garfield Taylor, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 137641, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 14480, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 156, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Garfield Taylor, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $137,641, prejudgment interest of $14,480. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 156 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 8, 2015 as release LR-23381. The respondents named are Garfield Taylor, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $137,641, prejudgment interest of $14,480. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 156 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23381" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23381" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-garfield-taylor-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wolverine-trading-llc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Wolverine Trading, LLC and and Wolverine Asset Management, LLC (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16890", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76109.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76109.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-10-08", "dateResolved": "2015-10-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wolverine Trading, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Wolverine Asset Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 364146, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 39158, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wolverine Trading, LLC and and Wolverine Asset Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading and naked short selling debate. The release records disgorgement of $364,146, prejudgment interest of $39,158.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 8, 2015 as release 3-16890. The respondents named are Wolverine Trading, LLC and and Wolverine Asset Management, LLC (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading and naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with NYSE, OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $364,146, prejudgment interest of $39,158. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76109.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76109.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wolverine-trading-llc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oscar-wu-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Oscar Wu (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23380", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23380", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-07", "dateResolved": "2015-10-07", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Oscar Wu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Oscar Wu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 7, 2015 as release LR-23380. The respondents named are Oscar Wu (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23380" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23380" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oscar-wu-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-commodore-financial-corp-et-al-boiler-rooms-2015", "title": "SEC v. Commodore Financial Corp., et al. (boiler rooms, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23376", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23376", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Commodore Financial Corp., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Commodore Financial Corp., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2015 as release LR-23376. The respondents named are Commodore Financial Corp., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23376" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23376" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-commodore-financial-corp-et-al-boiler-rooms-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-saleem-khan-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Saleem Khan et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23374", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23374", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-01", "dateResolved": "2015-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Saleem Khan et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 614375, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Saleem Khan et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $614,375.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2015 as release LR-23374. The respondents named are Saleem Khan et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $614,375. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23374" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23374" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-saleem-khan-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-spencer-pharmaceutical-inc-jean-francois-amyot-maximilien-arella-ian-morrice", "title": "SEC v. Spencer Pharmaceutical Inc., Jean-François Amyot, Maximilien Arella, Ian Morrice, IAB Media Inc., and Hilbroy Advisory Inc. (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23375", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23375", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-10-01", "dateResolved": "2015-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Spencer Pharmaceutical Inc., Jean-François Amyot, Maximilien Arella, Ian Morrice, IAB Media Inc.,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Hilbroy Advisory Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 7084764, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Spencer Pharmaceutical Inc., Jean-François Amyot, Maximilien Arella, Ian Morrice, IAB Media Inc., and Hilbroy Advisory Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $7.1 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2015 as release LR-23375. The respondents named are Spencer Pharmaceutical Inc., Jean-François Amyot, Maximilien Arella, Ian Morrice, IAB Media Inc., and Hilbroy Advisory Inc. (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $7.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-10-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23375" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23375" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-spencer-pharmaceutical-inc-jean-francois-amyot-maximilien-arella-ian-morrice/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-riel-iii-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Charles Riel III and REinvest LLC (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23371", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23371", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Riel III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "REinvest LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Charles Riel III and REinvest LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2015 as release LR-23371. The respondents named are Charles Riel III and REinvest LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23371" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23371" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-riel-iii-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-p-godwin-wash-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. David P. Godwin and Anthony G. Roth (wash trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23373", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23373", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-30", "dateResolved": "2015-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David P. Godwin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Anthony G. Roth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against David P. Godwin and Anthony G. Roth, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2015 as release LR-23373. The respondents named are David P. Godwin and Anthony G. Roth (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23373" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23373" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-p-godwin-wash-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-goodland-and-securus-wealth-management-llc-marking-the-close-2015", "title": "SEC v. James Goodland and Securus Wealth Management, LLC (marking the close, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4213", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4213.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4213.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-30", "dateResolved": "2015-09-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James Goodland and Securus Wealth Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with James Goodland and Securus Wealth Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close and reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2015 as release IA-4213. The respondents named are James Goodland and Securus Wealth Management, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4213.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4213.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-goodland-and-securus-wealth-management-llc-marking-the-close-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-mire-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Christopher Mire (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76027", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76027.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76027.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-29", "dateResolved": "2015-09-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher Mire", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Christopher Mire, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2015 as release 34-76027. The respondents named are Christopher Mire (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76027.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76027.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-mire-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eddie-r-leblanc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Eddie R. Leblanc (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-76026", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76026.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76026.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-29", "dateResolved": "2015-09-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eddie R. Leblanc", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eddie R. Leblanc, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 29, 2015 as release 34-76026. The respondents named are Eddie R. Leblanc (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76026.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-76026.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eddie-r-leblanc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-l-spallina-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Robert L. Spallina, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23368", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23368", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-28", "dateResolved": "2015-09-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert L. Spallina, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 234000, "penaltyUsd": 32931, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1794, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert L. Spallina, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $32,931, prejudgment interest of $1,794.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 28, 2015 as release LR-23368. The respondents named are Robert L. Spallina, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $32,931, prejudgment interest of $1,794. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23368" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23368" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-l-spallina-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-cargill-de-mexico-sa-de-cv-wash-trading-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Cargill de México SA De CV (wash trading, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7241-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7241-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-25", "dateResolved": "2015-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Cargill de México SA De CV", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Cargill de México SA De CV, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2015 as release 7241-15. The respondents named are Cargill de México SA De CV (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7241-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7241-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-cargill-de-mexico-sa-de-cv-wash-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-teraexchange-llc-wash-trading-2015", "title": "CFTC v. TeraExchange LLC (wash trading, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7240-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7240-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-25", "dateResolved": "2015-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "TeraExchange LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against TeraExchange LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2015 as release 7240-15. The respondents named are TeraExchange LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7240-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7240-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-teraexchange-llc-wash-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ishopnomarkup-com-inc-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. iShopNoMarkup.com, Inc. (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23362", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23362", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-25", "dateResolved": "2015-09-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "iShopNoMarkup.com, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 330000, "disgorgementUsd": 2300000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against iShopNoMarkup.com, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $330,000, disgorgement of $2.3 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2015 as release LR-23362. The respondents named are iShopNoMarkup.com, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $330,000, disgorgement of $2.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23362" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23362" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ishopnomarkup-com-inc-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-morando-berrettini-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Morando Berrettini, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23364", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23364", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morando Berrettini, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 240000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Morando Berrettini, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 25, 2015 as release LR-23364. The respondents named are Morando Berrettini, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23364" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23364" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-morando-berrettini-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-w-galanis-matched-orders-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jason W. Galanis (matched orders, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23360", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23360", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-24", "dateResolved": "2015-09-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason W. Galanis", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "matched-orders" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Jason W. Galanis, alleging conduct this library classifies as matched orders. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2015 as release LR-23360. The respondents named are Jason W. Galanis (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as matched orders, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23360" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23360" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-w-galanis-matched-orders-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/matched-orders/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-richard-condon-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Richard Condon, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23359", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23359", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Richard Condon, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Richard Condon, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2015 as release LR-23359. The respondents named are Richard Condon, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23359" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23359" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-richard-condon-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-idle-media-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Idle Media, Inc. and and Marcus Frasier (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16828", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75963.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75963.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-22", "dateResolved": "2015-09-22", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Idle Media, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Marcus Frasier", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Idle Media, Inc. and and Marcus Frasier, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 22, 2015 as release 3-16828. The respondents named are Idle Media, Inc. and and Marcus Frasier (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-22", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75963.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75963.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-idle-media-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-mcphail-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Eric McPhail, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23357", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23357", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-21", "dateResolved": "2015-09-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric McPhail, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 18, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Eric McPhail, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 18 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2015 as release LR-23357. The respondents named are Eric McPhail, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 18 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23357" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23357" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-mcphail-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-morelli-iii-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23355", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23355", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Morelli III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Louis Buonocore", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 21, 2015 as release LR-23355. The respondents named are Frank Morelli III and Louis Buonocore (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23355" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23355" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-morelli-iii-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-christopher-d-whetman-cpa-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. Christopher D. Whetman, CPA (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16821", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9920.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9920.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Christopher D. Whetman, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 52488, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Christopher D. Whetman, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 18, 2015 as release 3-16821. The respondents named are Christopher D. Whetman, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-18", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9920.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9920.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-christopher-d-whetman-cpa-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-david-hall-naked-short-selling-debate-2015", "title": "SEC v. Brian David Hall (naked short selling debate, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75939", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75939.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75939.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-17", "dateResolved": "2015-09-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian David Hall", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Brian David Hall, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2015 as release 34-75939. The respondents named are Brian David Hall (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75939.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75939.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-david-hall-naked-short-selling-debate-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-george-ivakhnik-fake-press-releases-2015", "title": "SEC v. George Ivakhnik and The Mobile Star Corporation (fake press releases, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23353", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23353", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "George Ivakhnik", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "The Mobile Star Corporation", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against George Ivakhnik and The Mobile Star Corporation, alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2015 as release LR-23353. The respondents named are George Ivakhnik and The Mobile Star Corporation (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-17", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23353" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23353" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-george-ivakhnik-fake-press-releases-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-rudolfo-delasierra-naked-short-selling-debate-2015", "title": "SEC v. Rudolfo DeLaSierra (naked short selling debate, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75938", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75938.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75938.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-17", "dateResolved": "2015-09-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Rudolfo DeLaSierra", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Rudolfo DeLaSierra, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2015 as release 34-75938. The respondents named are Rudolfo DeLaSierra (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75938.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75938.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-rudolfo-delasierra-naked-short-selling-debate-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-8000-inc-jonathan-e-bryant-thomas-j-kelly-fake-press-releases-2015", "title": "SEC v. 8000, Inc., Jonathan E. Bryant, Thomas J. Kelly, and Carl N. Duncan, Esq. (fake press releases, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23349", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23349", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-16", "dateResolved": "2015-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "8000, Inc., Jonathan E. Bryant, Thomas J. Kelly,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Carl N. Duncan, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "fake-press-releases" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 15570, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against 8000, Inc., Jonathan E. Bryant, Thomas J. Kelly, and Carl N. Duncan, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as fake press releases. The release records disgorgement of $15,570.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2015 as release LR-23349. The respondents named are 8000, Inc., Jonathan E. Bryant, Thomas J. Kelly, and Carl N. Duncan, Esq. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as fake press releases, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $15,570. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23349" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23349" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-8000-inc-jonathan-e-bryant-thomas-j-kelly-fake-press-releases-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fake-press-releases/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jason-mogler-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jason Mogler, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23347", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23347", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Arizona", "defendants": [ { "name": "Jason Mogler, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Jason Mogler, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 15, 2015 as release LR-23347. The respondents named are Jason Mogler, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Arizona.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23347" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23347" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jason-mogler-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marco-babini-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Marco Babini et al. (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23346", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23346", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-14", "dateResolved": "2015-09-14", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marco Babini et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Marco Babini et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 14, 2015 as release LR-23346. The respondents named are Marco Babini et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23346" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23346" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marco-babini-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-paul-zada-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Paul Zada (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23343", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23343", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph Paul Zada", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 121657741, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Joseph Paul Zada, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $121.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2015 as release LR-23343. The respondents named are Joseph Paul Zada (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $121.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23343" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23343" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-paul-zada-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-m-dombrowski-cpa-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Steven M. Dombrowski, CPA (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16808", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75907.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75907.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven M. Dombrowski, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Steven M. Dombrowski, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 11, 2015 as release 3-16808. The respondents named are Steven M. Dombrowski, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75907.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75907.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-m-dombrowski-cpa-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-benjamin-wey-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Benjamin Wey, et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23342", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23342", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "dismissed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Benjamin Wey, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, since dismissed, against Benjamin Wey, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2015 as release LR-23342. The respondents named are Benjamin Wey, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThe action was dismissed. We keep dismissed matters in the library precisely so that the outcome is visible alongside the original allegation.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23342" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23342" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-benjamin-wey-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-maher-f-kara-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Maher F. Kara, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23341", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23341", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-10", "dateResolved": "2015-09-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Maher F. Kara, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 18, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Maher F. Kara, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 18 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 10, 2015 as release LR-23341. The respondents named are Maher F. Kara, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 18 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23341" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23341" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-maher-f-kara-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bdo-usa-llp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. BDO USA, LLP (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16800", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75862.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75862.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-09", "dateResolved": "2015-09-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "BDO USA, LLP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against BDO USA, LLP, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2015 as release 3-16800. The respondents named are BDO USA, LLP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75862.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75862.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bdo-usa-llp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bennett-group-financial-services-llc-bennett-churning-2015", "title": "SEC v. Bennett Group Financial Services, LLC Bennett and Dawn J. (churning, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16801", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9910.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9910.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bennett Group Financial Services, LLC Bennett", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Dawn J.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "churning", "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Bennett Group Financial Services, LLC Bennett and Dawn J., alleging conduct this library classifies as churning and paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2015 as release 3-16801. The respondents named are Bennett Group Financial Services, LLC Bennett and Dawn J. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as churning and paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9910.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9910.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bennett-group-financial-services-llc-bennett-churning-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/churning/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-mcenery-iii-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. John McEnery III et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23338", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23338", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-09", "dateResolved": "2015-09-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John McEnery III et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 64156, "disgorgementUsd": 32482, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John McEnery III et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $64,156, disgorgement of $32,482.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2015 as release LR-23338. The respondents named are John McEnery III et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $64,156, disgorgement of $32,482. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23338" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23338" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-mcenery-iii-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sean-c-henaghan-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Sean C. Henaghan, CPA (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16797", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75859.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75859.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-09", "dateResolved": "2015-09-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sean C. Henaghan, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Sean C. Henaghan, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2015 as release 3-16797. The respondents named are Sean C. Henaghan, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75859.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75859.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sean-c-henaghan-cpa-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-timothy-m-roberts-terrance-f-taylor-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Timothy M. Roberts, Terrance F. Taylor, and Craig Constantinou (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23339", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23339", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Timothy M. Roberts, Terrance F. Taylor,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Craig Constantinou", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Timothy M. Roberts, Terrance F. Taylor, and Craig Constantinou, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 9, 2015 as release LR-23339. The respondents named are Timothy M. Roberts, Terrance F. Taylor, and Craig Constantinou (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23339" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23339" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-timothy-m-roberts-terrance-f-taylor-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-caribbean-pacific-marketing-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Caribbean Pacific Marketing, Inc. (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23337", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23337", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-08", "dateResolved": "2015-09-08", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Caribbean Pacific Marketing, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Caribbean Pacific Marketing, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2015 as release LR-23337. The respondents named are Caribbean Pacific Marketing, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23337" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23337" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-caribbean-pacific-marketing-inc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ditto-holdings-inc-now-known-as-sovestech-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Ditto Holdings, Inc. (Now Known as Sovestech and Inc.) (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9907", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9907.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9907.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-08", "dateResolved": "2015-09-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ditto Holdings, Inc. (Now Known as Sovestech", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Inc.)", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ditto Holdings, Inc. (Now Known as Sovestech and Inc.), alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2015 as release 33-9907. The respondents named are Ditto Holdings, Inc. (Now Known as Sovestech and Inc.) (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9907.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9907.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ditto-holdings-inc-now-known-as-sovestech-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-marc-s-mandel-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Marc S. Mandel (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16796", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9909.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9909.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-08", "dateResolved": "2015-09-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Marc S. Mandel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 124000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5374, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Marc S. Mandel, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $124,000, prejudgment interest of $5,374.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 8, 2015 as release 3-16796. The respondents named are Marc S. Mandel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $124,000, prejudgment interest of $5,374. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-08", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9909.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9909.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-marc-s-mandel-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donald-e-robar-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Donald E. Robar (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75848", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75848.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75848.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-04", "dateResolved": "2015-09-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald E. Robar", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Donald E. Robar, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 4, 2015 as release 34-75848. The respondents named are Donald E. Robar (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75848.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75848.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donald-e-robar-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-a-hanner-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Robert A. Hanner (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75847", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75847.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75847.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-04", "dateResolved": "2015-09-04", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert A. Hanner", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 20805, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 2490, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert A. Hanner, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $20,805, prejudgment interest of $2,490.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 4, 2015 as release 34-75847. The respondents named are Robert A. Hanner (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $20,805, prejudgment interest of $2,490. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-04", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75847.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75847.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-a-hanner-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-mcdonnell-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Kevin McDonnell (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16781", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9900.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9900.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-03", "dateResolved": "2015-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin McDonnell", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kevin McDonnell, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2015 as release 3-16781. The respondents named are Kevin McDonnell (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9900.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9900.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-mcdonnell-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mackensen-company-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mackensen & Company, Inc. and and Warren J. Mackensen (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4188", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4188.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4188.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-09-03", "dateResolved": "2015-09-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mackensen & Company, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "and Warren J. Mackensen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mackensen & Company, Inc. and and Warren J. Mackensen, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 3, 2015 as release IA-4188. The respondents named are Mackensen & Company, Inc. and and Warren J. Mackensen (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4188.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4188.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mackensen-company-inc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-eric-aronson-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Eric Aronson, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23331", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23331", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-09-02", "dateResolved": "2015-09-02", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Eric Aronson, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": 18248270, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Eric Aronson, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000, disgorgement of $18.2 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on September 2, 2015 as release LR-23331. The respondents named are Eric Aronson, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000, disgorgement of $18.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-09-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23331" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23331" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-eric-aronson-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-johnson-lambert-llp-and-bradley-scott-diericx-cpa-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Johnson Lambert LLP and Bradley Scott Diericx, CPA (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16773", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75795.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75795.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-31", "dateResolved": "2015-08-31", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Johnson Lambert LLP and Bradley Scott Diericx, CPA", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Johnson Lambert LLP and Bradley Scott Diericx, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 31, 2015 as release 3-16773. The respondents named are Johnson Lambert LLP and Bradley Scott Diericx, CPA (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-31", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75795.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75795.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-johnson-lambert-llp-and-bradley-scott-diericx-cpa-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ron-earl-mccullough-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Ron Earl McCullough (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7220-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7220-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-29", "dateResolved": "2015-08-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ron Earl McCullough", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2486620, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Ron Earl McCullough, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 29, 2015 as release 7220-15. The respondents named are Ron Earl McCullough (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7220-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7220-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ron-earl-mccullough-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ashish-aggarwal-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Ashish Aggarwal, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23327", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23327", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-25", "dateResolved": "2015-08-25", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ashish Aggarwal, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Ashish Aggarwal, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 25, 2015 as release LR-23327. The respondents named are Ashish Aggarwal, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Central District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23327" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23327" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ashish-aggarwal-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-moshe-yehuda-dunoff-boiler-rooms-2015", "title": "SEC v. Moshe Yehuda Dunoff (boiler rooms, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23325", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23325", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Moshe Yehuda Dunoff", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Moshe Yehuda Dunoff, alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 20, 2015 as release LR-23325. The respondents named are Moshe Yehuda Dunoff (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23325" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23325" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-moshe-yehuda-dunoff-boiler-rooms-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-citigroup-global-markets-inc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16764", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75729.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75729.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-19", "dateResolved": "2015-08-19", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 19, 2015 as release 3-16764. The respondents named are Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-19", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75729.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75729.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-citigroup-global-markets-inc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bradford-d-szczecinski-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Bradford D. Szczecinski (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4177", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4177.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4177.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-17", "dateResolved": "2015-08-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bradford D. Szczecinski", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Bradford D. Szczecinski, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2015 as release IA-4177. The respondents named are Bradford D. Szczecinski (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4177.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4177.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bradford-d-szczecinski-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-citigroup-alternative-investments-llc-and-citigroup-global-markets-inc-bench", "title": "SEC v. Citigroup Alternative Investments LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (benchmark submission rigging, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16757", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9893.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9893.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-17", "dateResolved": "2015-08-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Citigroup Alternative Investments LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 139950239, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 39612089, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Citigroup Alternative Investments LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records disgorgement of $140.0 million, prejudgment interest of $39.6 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2015 as release 3-16757. The respondents named are Citigroup Alternative Investments LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $140.0 million, prejudgment interest of $39.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9893.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9893.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-citigroup-alternative-investments-llc-and-citigroup-global-markets-inc-bench/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tamara-s-kraus-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Tamara S. Kraus (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4176", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4176.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4176.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-17", "dateResolved": "2015-08-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tamara S. Kraus", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tamara S. Kraus, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 17, 2015 as release IA-4176. The respondents named are Tamara S. Kraus (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4176.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4176.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tamara-s-kraus-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-cedric-canas-maillard-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Cedric Cañas Maillard (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23316", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23316", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-13", "dateResolved": "2015-08-13", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cedric Cañas Maillard", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 960806, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Cedric Cañas Maillard, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $960,806.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2015 as release LR-23316. The respondents named are Cedric Cañas Maillard (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $960,806. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23316" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23316" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-cedric-canas-maillard-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-palladino-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Palladino, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23318", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23318", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "Palladino, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Palladino, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 13, 2015 as release LR-23318. The respondents named are Palladino, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23318" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23318" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-palladino-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lamson-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Lamson and Jeffrey L., CPA (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16739", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75666.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75666.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-11", "dateResolved": "2015-08-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lamson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jeffrey L., CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Lamson and Jeffrey L., CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 11, 2015 as release 3-16739. The respondents named are Lamson and Jeffrey L., CPA (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75666.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75666.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lamson-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-guggenheim-partners-investment-management-llc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16735", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4163.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4163.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-10", "dateResolved": "2015-08-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2015 as release 3-16735. The respondents named are Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4163.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4163.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-guggenheim-partners-investment-management-llc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lr-23314-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. unnamed respondents (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23314", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23314", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-10", "dateResolved": "2015-08-10", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 10, 2015 as release LR-23314. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23314" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23314" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lr-23314-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-first-xeris-corp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. First Xeris Corp. (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9882", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9882.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9882.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-06", "dateResolved": "2015-08-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "First Xeris Corp.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with First Xeris Corp., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 6, 2015 as release 33-9882. The respondents named are First Xeris Corp. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9882.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9882.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-first-xeris-corp-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-j-boden-esq-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. David J. Boden, Esq. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75618", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75618.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75618.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-08-05", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David J. Boden, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David J. Boden, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on August 5, 2015 as release 34-75618. The respondents named are David J. Boden, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-05", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75618.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75618.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-j-boden-esq-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-keith-f-simmons-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Keith F. Simmons (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7205-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7205-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-08-01", "dateResolved": "2015-08-01", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Keith F. Simmons", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 480, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Keith F. Simmons, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 480 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 1, 2015 as release 7205-15. The respondents named are Keith F. Simmons (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 480 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-08-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7205-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7205-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-keith-f-simmons-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-pamela-s-smith-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Pamela S. Smith (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75565", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75565.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75565.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-30", "dateResolved": "2015-07-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Pamela S. Smith", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Pamela S. Smith, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2015 as release 34-75565. The respondents named are Pamela S. Smith (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75565.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75565.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-pamela-s-smith-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-timothy-patterson-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Timothy Patterson (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75564", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75564.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75564.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-30", "dateResolved": "2015-07-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Timothy Patterson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Timothy Patterson, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 30, 2015 as release 34-75564. The respondents named are Timothy Patterson (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75564.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75564.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-timothy-patterson-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stephen-m-coleman-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Stephen M. Coleman (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4150", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4150.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4150.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-29", "dateResolved": "2015-07-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stephen M. Coleman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stephen M. Coleman, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2015 as release IA-4150. The respondents named are Stephen M. Coleman (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4150.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4150.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stephen-m-coleman-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23310", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23310", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-23", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts", "defendants": [ { "name": "DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2015 as release LR-23310. The respondents named are DFRF Enterprises LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23310" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23310" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dfrf-enterprises-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-donald-l-koch-marking-the-close-2015", "title": "SEC v. Donald L. Koch and Koch Asset Management, LLC (marking the close, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23308", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23308", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit", "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald L. Koch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Koch Asset Management, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "marking-the-close" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Donald L. Koch and Koch Asset Management, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as marking the close. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2015 as release LR-23308. The respondents named are Donald L. Koch and Koch Asset Management, LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.\n\nThis library tags the matter as marking the close, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23308" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23308" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-donald-l-koch-marking-the-close-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/marking-the-close/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-r-enea-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Michael R. Enea (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23307", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23307", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-20", "dateResolved": "2015-07-20", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael R. Enea", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 843120, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Michael R. Enea, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records disgorgement of $843,120. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 20, 2015 as release LR-23307. The respondents named are Michael R. Enea (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $843,120. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23307" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23307" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-r-enea-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr., et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23305", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23305", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 16, 2015 as release LR-23305. The respondents named are Herbert K. Sudfeld, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23305" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23305" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-herbert-k-sudfeld-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-timothy-j-mcgee-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Timothy J. McGee, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23304", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23304", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "appealed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Timothy J. McGee, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 292128, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action, now on appeal, against Timothy J. McGee, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $292,128.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 15, 2015 as release LR-23304. The respondents named are Timothy J. McGee, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $292,128. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23304" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23304" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-timothy-j-mcgee-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-lr-23303-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. unnamed respondents (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23303", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23303", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and pump and dump. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 14, 2015 as release LR-23303. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23303" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23303" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-lr-23303-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oz-management-lp-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Oz Management, LP (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75445", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75445.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75445.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Oz Management, LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 214380, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 29047, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Oz Management, LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $214,380, prejudgment interest of $29,047.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 14, 2015 as release 34-75445. The respondents named are Oz Management, LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $214,380, prejudgment interest of $29,047. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-14", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75445.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75445.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oz-management-lp-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-tamayo-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Frank Tamayo (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23302", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23302", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-13", "dateResolved": "2015-07-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Tamayo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frank Tamayo, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2015 as release LR-23302. The respondents named are Frank Tamayo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23302" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23302" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-tamayo-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendant-carl-david-wright-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Defendant Carl David Wright (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7196-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7196-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-11", "dateResolved": "2015-07-11", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendant Carl David Wright", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Defendant Carl David Wright, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 11, 2015 as release 7196-15. The respondents named are Defendant Carl David Wright (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7196-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7196-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendant-carl-david-wright-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gerard-boudreault-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Gerard Boudreault (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16684", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9864.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9864.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-10", "dateResolved": "2015-07-10", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gerard Boudreault", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Gerard Boudreault, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 10, 2015 as release 3-16684. The respondents named are Gerard Boudreault (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-10", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9864.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9864.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gerard-boudreault-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-patrick-lehnert-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Patrick Lehnert (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75417", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75417.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75417.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-07-09", "dateResolved": "2015-07-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Patrick Lehnert", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 15753, "disgorgementUsd": 31506, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Patrick Lehnert, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $15,753, disgorgement of $31,506.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 9, 2015 as release 34-75417. The respondents named are Patrick Lehnert (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $15,753, disgorgement of $31,506. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-09", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75417.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75417.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-patrick-lehnert-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-luca-international-group-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Luca International Group, LLC, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23298", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23298", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-06", "dateResolved": "2015-07-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Luca International Group, LLC, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 25500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Luca International Group, LLC, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $25,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 6, 2015 as release LR-23298. The respondents named are Luca International Group, LLC, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $25,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23298" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23298" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-luca-international-group-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-malcolm-segal-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Malcolm Segal (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23295", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23295", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-07-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Malcolm Segal", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Malcolm Segal, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on July 1, 2015 as release LR-23295. The respondents named are Malcolm Segal (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-07-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23295" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23295" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-malcolm-segal-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-goldman-and-sachs-co-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Goldman and Sachs & Co. (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75331", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75331.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75331.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-30", "dateResolved": "2015-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Goldman and Sachs & Co.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Goldman and Sachs & Co., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2015 as release 34-75331. The respondents named are Goldman and Sachs & Co. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75331.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75331.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-goldman-and-sachs-co-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-peter-voutsas-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Peter Voutsas (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9860", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9860.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9860.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-30", "dateResolved": "2015-06-30", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Peter Voutsas", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Peter Voutsas, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 30, 2015 as release 33-9860. The respondents named are Peter Voutsas (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-30", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9860.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9860.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-peter-voutsas-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-illinois-resident-nick-a-wurl-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Illinois Resident Nick A. Wurl and His Company Ludiera Capital LLC (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7191-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7191-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Illinois Resident Nick A. Wurl", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company Ludiera Capital LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Illinois Resident Nick A. Wurl and His Company Ludiera Capital LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2015 as release 7191-15. The respondents named are Illinois Resident Nick A. Wurl and His Company Ludiera Capital LLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7191-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7191-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-illinois-resident-nick-a-wurl-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregg-r-mulholland-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. Gregg R. Mulholland (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23293", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23293", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-25", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregg R. Mulholland", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 5300000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gregg R. Mulholland, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $5.3 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 25, 2015 as release LR-23293. The respondents named are Gregg R. Mulholland (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $5.3 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-25", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23293" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23293" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregg-r-mulholland-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ireeco-llc-ireeco-limited-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Ireeco, LLC Ireeco Limited (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75268", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75268.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75268.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-23", "dateResolved": "2015-06-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ireeco, LLC Ireeco Limited", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ireeco, LLC Ireeco Limited, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 23, 2015 as release 34-75268. The respondents named are Ireeco, LLC Ireeco Limited (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75268.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75268.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ireeco-llc-ireeco-limited-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-phil-donnahue-williamson-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Phil Donnahue Williamson (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23291", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23291", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-23", "dateResolved": "2015-06-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Phil Donnahue Williamson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Phil Donnahue Williamson, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 23, 2015 as release LR-23291. The respondents named are Phil Donnahue Williamson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23291" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23291" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-phil-donnahue-williamson-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-joseph-f-welsh-iii-settlement-price-manipulation-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Joseph F. Welsh III (price manipulation, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7188-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7188-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-20", "dateResolved": "2015-06-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph F. Welsh III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "settlement-price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph F. Welsh III, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and settlement price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $500,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2015 as release 7188-15. The respondents named are Joseph F. Welsh III (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and settlement price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $500,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7188-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7188-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-joseph-f-welsh-iii-settlement-price-manipulation-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/settlement-price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-norstra-energy-inc-glen-landry-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Norstra Energy Inc., Glen Landry and Eric Dany (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23290", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23290", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-18", "dateResolved": "2015-06-18", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Norstra Energy Inc., Glen Landry", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Eric Dany", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Norstra Energy Inc., Glen Landry and Eric Dany, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 18, 2015 as release LR-23290. The respondents named are Norstra Energy Inc., Glen Landry and Eric Dany (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23290" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23290" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-norstra-energy-inc-glen-landry-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-sand-hill-exchange-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Sand Hill Exchange and Gerrit Hall and Elaine Ou (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9809", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9809.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9809.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-17", "dateResolved": "2015-06-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Sand Hill Exchange", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Gerrit Hall and Elaine Ou", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "crypto" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Coinbase", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Sand Hill Exchange and Gerrit Hall and Elaine Ou, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 17, 2015 as release 33-9809. The respondents named are Sand Hill Exchange and Gerrit Hall and Elaine Ou (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against crypto, with Coinbase, OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9809.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9809.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-sand-hill-exchange-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-dimitry-braverman-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Dimitry Braverman and Vitaly Pupynin (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23287", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23287", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-16", "dateResolved": "2015-06-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dimitry Braverman", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Vitaly Pupynin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Dimitry Braverman and Vitaly Pupynin, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 16, 2015 as release LR-23287. The respondents named are Dimitry Braverman and Vitaly Pupynin (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23287" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23287" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-dimitry-braverman-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-equity-trust-company-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Equity Trust Company (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9807", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9807.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9807.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-16", "dateResolved": "2015-06-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Equity Trust Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Equity Trust Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 16, 2015 as release 33-9807. The respondents named are Equity Trust Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9807.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9807.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-equity-trust-company-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-will-d-allen-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. Will D. Allen and Susan C. Daub (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23286", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23286", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-15", "dateResolved": "2015-06-15", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. Will D. Allen", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Susan C. Daub", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. Will D. Allen and Susan C. Daub, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2015 as release LR-23286. The respondents named are Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. Will D. Allen and Susan C. Daub (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-15", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23286" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23286" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-will-d-allen-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-helmut-anscheringer-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Helmut Anscheringer (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75172", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75172.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75172.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-15", "dateResolved": "2015-06-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Helmut Anscheringer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 121732, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Helmut Anscheringer, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records prejudgment interest of $121,732.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 15, 2015 as release 34-75172. The respondents named are Helmut Anscheringer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and options, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $121,732. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75172.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75172.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-helmut-anscheringer-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-matthew-g-teeple-et-al-andrew-miller-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Matthew G. Teeple et al. Andrew Miller (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23284", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23284", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-12", "dateResolved": "2015-06-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Matthew G. Teeple et al. Andrew Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 133000, "disgorgementUsd": 40136, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 6692, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Matthew G. Teeple et al. Andrew Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $133,000, disgorgement of $40,136, prejudgment interest of $6,692. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 12, 2015 as release LR-23284. The respondents named are Matthew G. Teeple et al. Andrew Miller (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $133,000, disgorgement of $40,136, prejudgment interest of $6,692. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-12", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23284" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23284" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-matthew-g-teeple-et-al-andrew-miller-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-raymond-langston-iii-crl-management-llc-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Charles Raymond Langston III, CRL Management, LLC, and Guarantee Reinsurance, Ltd. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23281", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23281", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-11", "dateResolved": "2015-06-11", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Raymond Langston III, CRL Management, LLC,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Guarantee Reinsurance, Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 193108, "disgorgementUsd": 193108, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 22204, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Charles Raymond Langston III, CRL Management, LLC, and Guarantee Reinsurance, Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $193,108, disgorgement of $193,108, prejudgment interest of $22,204.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2015 as release LR-23281. The respondents named are Charles Raymond Langston III, CRL Management, LLC, and Guarantee Reinsurance, Ltd. (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $193,108, disgorgement of $193,108, prejudgment interest of $22,204. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23281" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23281" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-raymond-langston-iii-crl-management-llc-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-spectrum-concepts-llc-worswick-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Spectrum Concepts, LLC Worswick and others (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16358", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9806.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9806.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-11", "dateResolved": "2015-06-11", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Spectrum Concepts, LLC Worswick", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Donald James Grosso", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Nicholas Brown", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Michael Patrick", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 166500, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 12453, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Spectrum Concepts, LLC Worswick, Donald James Grosso, Michael Nicholas Brown and Michael Patrick, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $166,500, prejudgment interest of $12,453.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 11, 2015 as release 3-16358. The respondents named are Spectrum Concepts, LLC Worswick, Donald James Grosso, Michael Nicholas Brown and Michael Patrick (3 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $166,500, prejudgment interest of $12,453. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9806.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9806.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-spectrum-concepts-llc-worswick-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-michael-j-fefferman-chad-e-wiegand-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Michael J. Fefferman, Chad E. Wiegand, and Akis C. Eracleous (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23279", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23279", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-09", "dateResolved": "2015-06-09", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Michael J. Fefferman, Chad E. Wiegand,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Akis C. Eracleous", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 219175, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Michael J. Fefferman, Chad E. Wiegand, and Akis C. Eracleous, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $219,175. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 9, 2015 as release LR-23279. The respondents named are Michael J. Fefferman, Chad E. Wiegand, and Akis C. Eracleous (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $219,175. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-09", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23279" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23279" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-michael-j-fefferman-chad-e-wiegand-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-andrade-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Anthony Andrade, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23278", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23278", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-08", "dateResolved": "2015-06-08", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony Andrade, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 39645, "disgorgementUsd": 39645, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5335, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony Andrade, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $39,645, disgorgement of $39,645, prejudgment interest of $5,335.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 8, 2015 as release LR-23278. The respondents named are Anthony Andrade, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $39,645, disgorgement of $39,645, prejudgment interest of $5,335. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-08", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23278" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23278" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-andrade-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edmond-l-lonergan-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Edmond L. Lonergan and Green Planet Group, Inc. (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23274", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23274", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-06-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Edmond L. Lonergan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Green Planet Group, Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Edmond L. Lonergan and Green Planet Group, Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 2, 2015 as release LR-23274. The respondents named are Edmond L. Lonergan and Green Planet Group, Inc. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23274" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23274" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edmond-l-lonergan-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-merrill-lynch-naked-short-selling-debate-2015", "title": "SEC v. Merrill Lynch (naked short selling debate, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-75083", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75083.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75083.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-06-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Merrill Lynch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 334565, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Merrill Lynch, alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release records prejudgment interest of $334,565.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on June 1, 2015 as release 34-75083. The respondents named are Merrill Lynch (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $334,565. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-06-01", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75083.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-75083.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-merrill-lynch-naked-short-selling-debate-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-adam-s-gottbetter-mitchell-g-adam-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Adam S. Gottbetter, Mitchell G. Adam, and K. David Stevenson (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23269", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23269", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-28", "dateResolved": "2015-05-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Adam S. Gottbetter, Mitchell G. Adam,", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "K. David Stevenson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4600000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Adam S. Gottbetter, Mitchell G. Adam, and K. David Stevenson, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records disgorgement of $4.6 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 28, 2015 as release LR-23269. The respondents named are Adam S. Gottbetter, Mitchell G. Adam, and K. David Stevenson (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23269" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23269" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-adam-s-gottbetter-mitchell-g-adam-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mike-taxon-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mike Taxon and Itamar Cohen (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23271", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23271", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-28", "dateResolved": "2015-05-28", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mike Taxon", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Itamar Cohen", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mike Taxon and Itamar Cohen, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 28, 2015 as release LR-23271. The respondents named are Mike Taxon and Itamar Cohen (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and equities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23271" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23271" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mike-taxon-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-barclays-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Barclays (benchmark submission rigging, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7180-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7180-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-21", "dateResolved": "2015-05-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Barclays", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 115000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Barclays, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $115 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2015 as release 7180-15. The respondents named are Barclays (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $115 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7180-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7180-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-barclays-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-of-attempted-manipulation-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015", "title": "CFTC v. of Attempted Manipulation and False Reporting of Foreign Exchange Benchmark Rates (benchmark submission rigging, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7181-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7181-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-21", "dateResolved": "2015-05-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "of Attempted Manipulation", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "False Reporting of Foreign Exchange Benchmark Rates", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "fx-fixing", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures", "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against of Attempted Manipulation and False Reporting of Foreign Exchange Benchmark Rates, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $400 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2015 as release 7181-15. The respondents named are of Attempted Manipulation and False Reporting of Foreign Exchange Benchmark Rates (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures and fx, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7181-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7181-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-of-attempted-manipulation-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fx-fixing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-china-valves-technology-inc-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. China Valves Technology, Inc., et al. (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23266", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23266", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-20", "dateResolved": "2015-05-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "China Valves Technology, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 575000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against China Valves Technology, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $575,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 20, 2015 as release LR-23266. The respondents named are China Valves Technology, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $575,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-20", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23266" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23266" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-china-valves-technology-inc-et-al-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mitchell-j-stein-wash-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mitchell J. Stein (wash trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74978", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74978.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74978.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-05-15", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mitchell J. Stein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mitchell J. Stein, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 15, 2015 as release 34-74978. The respondents named are Mitchell J. Stein (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (102e)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74978.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74978.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mitchell-j-stein-wash-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-d-jorgenson-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Brian D. Jorgenson, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23261", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23261", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-14", "dateResolved": "2015-05-14", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian D. Jorgenson, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 24, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Brian D. Jorgenson, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 24 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2015 as release LR-23261. The respondents named are Brian D. Jorgenson, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 24 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-14", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23261" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23261" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-d-jorgenson-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-united-arab-emirates-residents-heet-khara-spoofing-2015", "title": "CFTC v. United Arab Emirates Residents Heet Khara and Nasim Salim (spoofing, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7171-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7171-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-06", "dateResolved": "2015-05-06", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "United Arab Emirates Residents Heet Khara", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nasim Salim", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "COMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against United Arab Emirates Residents Heet Khara and Nasim Salim, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2015 as release 7171-15. The respondents named are United Arab Emirates Residents Heet Khara and Nasim Salim (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, COMEX identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-06", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7171-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7171-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-united-arab-emirates-residents-heet-khara-spoofing-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-north-dakota-developments-llc-robert-l-gavin-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. North Dakota Developments, LLC, Robert L. Gavin, and Daniel J. Hogan, et. al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23252", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23252", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-06", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Dakota Developments, LLC, Robert L. Gavin,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Daniel J. Hogan, et. al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against North Dakota Developments, LLC, Robert L. Gavin, and Daniel J. Hogan, et. al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on May 6, 2015 as release LR-23252. The respondents named are North Dakota Developments, LLC, Robert L. Gavin, and Daniel J. Hogan, et. al. (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23252" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23252" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-north-dakota-developments-llc-robert-l-gavin-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-north-carolina-resident-barry-c-taylor-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. North Carolina Resident Barry C. Taylor and His Companies (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7167-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7167-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-05-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Carolina Resident Barry C. Taylor", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against North Carolina Resident Barry C. Taylor and His Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 1, 2015 as release 7167-15. The respondents named are North Carolina Resident Barry C. Taylor and His Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-05-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7167-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7167-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-north-carolina-resident-barry-c-taylor-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-xiaoyu-xia-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Xiaoyu Xia and Yanting Hu (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23249", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23249", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-29", "dateResolved": "2015-04-29", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Xiaoyu Xia", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Yanting Hu", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Xiaoyu Xia and Yanting Hu, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 29, 2015 as release LR-23249. The respondents named are Xiaoyu Xia and Yanting Hu (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23249" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23249" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-xiaoyu-xia-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frank-perkins-hixon-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Frank Perkins Hixon, Jr., et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23248", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23248", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-28", "dateResolved": "2015-04-28", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Frank Perkins Hixon, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 30, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frank Perkins Hixon, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 30 months.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 28, 2015 as release LR-23248. The respondents named are Frank Perkins Hixon, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 30 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-28", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23248" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23248" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frank-perkins-hixon-jr-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-of-manipulation-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015", "title": "CFTC v. of Manipulation (benchmark submission rigging, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7159-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7159-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-24", "dateResolved": "2015-04-24", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "of Manipulation", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "fx-fixing", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 800000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against of Manipulation, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $800 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2015 as release 7159-15. The respondents named are of Manipulation (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $800 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7159-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7159-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-of-manipulation-benchmark-submission-rigging-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fx-fixing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-veros-partners-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Veros Partners, Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23246", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23246", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Veros Partners, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Veros Partners, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2015 as release LR-23246. The respondents named are Veros Partners, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23246" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23246" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-veros-partners-inc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-houston-american-energy-corp-terwilliger-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Houston American Energy Corp. Terwilliger and others (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "33-9757", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9757.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9757.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-23", "dateResolved": "2015-04-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Houston American Energy Corp. Terwilliger", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "John F., Jr. Undiscovered Equities Inc. McKnight", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Kevin T.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 22500, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Houston American Energy Corp. Terwilliger, John F., Jr. Undiscovered Equities Inc. McKnight and Kevin T., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release records a civil penalty of $22,500.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2015 as release 33-9757. The respondents named are Houston American Energy Corp. Terwilliger, John F., Jr. Undiscovered Equities Inc. McKnight and Kevin T. (1 individual, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $22,500. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9757.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9757.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-houston-american-energy-corp-terwilliger-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-tracy-morgan-spaeth-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Tracy Morgan Spaeth (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16508", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74798.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74798.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-23", "dateResolved": "2015-04-23", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Tracy Morgan Spaeth", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Tracy Morgan Spaeth, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 23, 2015 as release 3-16508. The respondents named are Tracy Morgan Spaeth (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-23", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (findings)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74798.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74798.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-tracy-morgan-spaeth-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-u-k-resident-navinder-singh-sarao-layering-2015", "title": "CFTC v. U.K. Resident Navinder Singh Sarao and His Company Nav Sarao Futures Limited PLC (layering, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7156-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7156-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-22", "dateResolved": "2015-04-22", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "U.K. Resident Navinder Singh Sarao", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company Nav Sarao Futures Limited PLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering", "price-manipulation", "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against U.K. Resident Navinder Singh Sarao and His Company Nav Sarao Futures Limited PLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering, price manipulation and spoofing. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 22, 2015 as release 7156-15. The respondents named are U.K. Resident Navinder Singh Sarao and His Company Nav Sarao Futures Limited PLC (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, price manipulation and spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7156-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7156-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-u-k-resident-navinder-singh-sarao-layering-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-florida-resident-dorian-a-garcia-and-his-companies-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Florida Resident Dorian A. Garcia and his Companies (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7155-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7155-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-21", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Florida Resident Dorian A. Garcia and his Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Florida Resident Dorian A. Garcia and his Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 21, 2015 as release 7155-15. The respondents named are Florida Resident Dorian A. Garcia and his Companies (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7155-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7155-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-florida-resident-dorian-a-garcia-and-his-companies-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-john-labadia-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Joseph John Labadia (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16499", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9752.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9752.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-17", "dateResolved": "2015-04-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph John Labadia", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 48337, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 4798, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Joseph John Labadia, alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $48,337, prejudgment interest of $4,798.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2015 as release 3-16499. The respondents named are Joseph John Labadia (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $48,337, prejudgment interest of $4,798. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9752.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9752.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-john-labadia-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-schalk-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Schalk and Russell C., Jr. (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16498", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9751.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9751.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-17", "dateResolved": "2015-04-17", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Schalk", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Russell C., Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1600000, "disgorgementUsd": 1472959, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Schalk and Russell C., Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $1.6 million, disgorgement of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 17, 2015 as release 3-16498. The respondents named are Schalk and Russell C., Jr. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.6 million, disgorgement of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-17", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9751.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9751.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-schalk-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-daniel-p-mckelvey-et-al-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. Daniel P. McKelvey, et al. (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23243", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23243", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": "2015-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel P. McKelvey, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "officer-and-director bar", "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Daniel P. McKelvey, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release LR-23243. The respondents named are Daniel P. McKelvey, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: officer-and-director bar, penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23243" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23243" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-daniel-p-mckelvey-et-al-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ecareer-holdings-inc-ecareer-inc-joseph-j-azzata-dean-a-esposito-joseph-devi", "title": "SEC v. eCareer Holdings, Inc., eCareer, Inc., Joseph J. Azzata, Dean A. Esposito, Joseph DeVito, and Frederick J. Birks, et al. (boiler rooms, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23242", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23242", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "eCareer Holdings, Inc., eCareer, Inc., Joseph J. Azzata, Dean A. Esposito, Joseph DeVito,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Frederick J. Birks, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against eCareer Holdings, Inc., eCareer, Inc., Joseph J. Azzata, Dean A. Esposito, Joseph DeVito, and Frederick J. Birks, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release LR-23242. The respondents named are eCareer Holdings, Inc., eCareer, Inc., Joseph J. Azzata, Dean A. Esposito, Joseph DeVito, and Frederick J. Birks, et al. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23242" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23242" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ecareer-holdings-inc-ecareer-inc-joseph-j-azzata-dean-a-esposito-joseph-devi/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edward-t-farmer-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Edward T. Farmer (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16493", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9747.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9747.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": "2015-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edward T. Farmer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 35000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Edward T. Farmer, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $35,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release 3-16493. The respondents named are Edward T. Farmer (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $35,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9747.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9747.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edward-t-farmer-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kevin-d-miller-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Kevin D. Miller (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16496", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9750.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9750.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": "2015-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin D. Miller", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Kevin D. Miller, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release 3-16496. The respondents named are Kevin D. Miller (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9750.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9750.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kevin-d-miller-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-ronald-a-warren-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Ronald A. Warren (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16495", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9749.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9749.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": "2015-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronald A. Warren", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 1381, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Ronald A. Warren, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records prejudgment interest of $1,381.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release 3-16495. The respondents named are Ronald A. Warren (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is prejudgment interest of $1,381. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9749.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9749.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-ronald-a-warren-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-j-gaffney-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. William J. Gaffney (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16494", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9748.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9748.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-04-16", "dateResolved": "2015-04-16", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William J. Gaffney", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 10000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William J. Gaffney, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 16, 2015 as release 3-16494. The respondents named are William J. Gaffney (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-16", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9748.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9748.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-j-gaffney-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-james-a-evans-jr-d-b-a-cashflowbot-com-d-b-a-dollarmonster-ponzi-schemes-201", "title": "SEC v. James A. Evans, Jr., d/b/a Cashflowbot.com, d/b/a DollarMonster (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23240", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23240", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "James A. Evans, Jr., d/b/a Cashflowbot.com, d/b/a DollarMonster", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against James A. Evans, Jr., d/b/a Cashflowbot.com, d/b/a DollarMonster, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 13, 2015 as release LR-23240. The respondents named are James A. Evans, Jr., d/b/a Cashflowbot.com, d/b/a DollarMonster (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23240" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23240" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-james-a-evans-jr-d-b-a-cashflowbot-com-d-b-a-dollarmonster-ponzi-schemes-201/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mieka-energy-corporation-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mieka Energy Corporation, et al. (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23239", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23239", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-10", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mieka Energy Corporation, et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Mieka Energy Corporation, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 10, 2015 as release LR-23239. The respondents named are Mieka Energy Corporation, et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23239" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23239" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mieka-energy-corporation-et-al-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23232", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23232", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 7, 2015 as release LR-23232. The respondents named are Capital Financial Partners, LLC et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-07", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23232" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23232" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-capital-financial-partners-llc-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-team-resources-inc-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Team Resources, Inc., et al. (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23230", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23230", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-06", "dateResolved": "2015-04-06", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Team Resources, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Team Resources, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 6, 2015 as release LR-23230. The respondents named are Team Resources, Inc., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23230" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23230" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-team-resources-inc-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-kraft-foods-group-price-manipulation-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Kraft Foods Group (price manipulation, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7150-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7150-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-02", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kraft Foods Group", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Kraft Foods Group, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 2, 2015 as release 7150-15. The respondents named are Kraft Foods Group (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7150-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7150-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-kraft-foods-group-price-manipulation-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-david-craven-et-al-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. David Craven et al. (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23227", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23227", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-04-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "David Craven et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against David Craven et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on April 1, 2015 as release LR-23227. The respondents named are David Craven et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-04-01", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23227" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23227" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-david-craven-et-al-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-daniel-shak-price-manipulation-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Daniel Shak (price manipulation, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7146-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7146-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-03-31", "dateResolved": "2015-03-31", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Daniel Shak", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 100000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Daniel Shak, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $100,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 31, 2015 as release 7146-15. The respondents named are Daniel Shak (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $100,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-31", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7146-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7146-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-daniel-shak-price-manipulation-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gregory-w-gray-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23221", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23221", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-03-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 27, 2015 as release LR-23221. The respondents named are Gregory W. Gray, Jr., et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-27", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23221" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23221" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gregory-w-gray-jr-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-anthony-j-ciabattoni-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Anthony J. Ciabattoni (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74500", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74500.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74500.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Anthony J. Ciabattoni", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Anthony J. Ciabattoni, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74500. The respondents named are Anthony J. Ciabattoni (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74500.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74500.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-anthony-j-ciabattoni-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-berjaya-lottery-management-h-k-ltd-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Berjaya Lottery Management (H.K.) Ltd. (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74498", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74498.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74498.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Berjaya Lottery Management (H.K.) Ltd.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Berjaya Lottery Management (H.K.) Ltd., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74498. The respondents named are Berjaya Lottery Management (H.K.) Ltd. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74498.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74498.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-berjaya-lottery-management-h-k-ltd-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-brian-potiker-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Brian Potiker (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74503", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74503.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74503.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Potiker", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Brian Potiker, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74503. The respondents named are Brian Potiker (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74503.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74503.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-brian-potiker-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-jane-g-ciabattoni-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Jane G. Ciabattoni (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74501", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74501.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74501.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Jane G. Ciabattoni", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Jane G. Ciabattoni, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74501. The respondents named are Jane G. Ciabattoni (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74501.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74501.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-jane-g-ciabattoni-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-shuipan-lin-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Shuipan Lin (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74497", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74497.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74497.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Shuipan Lin", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Shuipan Lin, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74497. The respondents named are Shuipan Lin (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74497.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74497.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-shuipan-lin-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-smp-investments-i-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. SMP Investments I, LLC (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74502", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74502.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74502.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SMP Investments I, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with SMP Investments I, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74502. The respondents named are SMP Investments I, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74502.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74502.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-smp-investments-i-llc-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-the-ciabattoni-living-trust-dated-august-17-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. The Ciabattoni Living Trust Dated August 17 and 2000 (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74499", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74499.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74499.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Ciabattoni Living Trust Dated August 17", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "2000", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with The Ciabattoni Living Trust Dated August 17 and 2000, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74499. The respondents named are The Ciabattoni Living Trust Dated August 17 and 2000 (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74499.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74499.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-the-ciabattoni-living-trust-dated-august-17-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-william-a-houlihan-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. William A. Houlihan (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74504", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74504.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74504.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-13", "dateResolved": "2015-03-13", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "William A. Houlihan", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with William A. Houlihan, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 13, 2015 as release 34-74504. The respondents named are William A. Houlihan (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-13", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74504.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74504.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-william-a-houlihan-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-bonan-huang-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Bonan Huang and Nan Huang (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23216", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23216", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-03-10", "dateResolved": "2015-03-10", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Bonan Huang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Nan Huang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Bonan Huang and Nan Huang, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 10, 2015 as release LR-23216. The respondents named are Bonan Huang and Nan Huang (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-10", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23216" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23216" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-bonan-huang-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-zeringue-et-al-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Zeringue, et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23215", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23215", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-03-06", "dateResolved": "2015-03-06", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Zeringue, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 30000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Zeringue, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 6, 2015 as release LR-23215. The respondents named are Zeringue, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-06", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23215" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23215" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-zeringue-et-al-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gary-eugene-patterson-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Gary Eugene Patterson, Esq. (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16416", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9735.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9735.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-03-03", "dateResolved": "2015-03-03", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gary Eugene Patterson, Esq.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 2000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Gary Eugene Patterson, Esq., alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 3, 2015 as release 3-16416. The respondents named are Gary Eugene Patterson, Esq. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-03", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9735.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9735.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gary-eugene-patterson-esq-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-gary-s-williky-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Gary S. Williky (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23211", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23211", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-03-02", "dateResolved": "2015-03-02", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Gary S. Williky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading", "newsletter-scalping", "paid-stock-promotion", "pump-and-dump", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Gary S. Williky, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading, newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion, pump and dump and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on March 2, 2015 as release LR-23211. The respondents named are Gary S. Williky (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, newsletter scalping, paid stock promotion, pump and dump and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-03-02", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23211" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23211" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-gary-s-williky-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/newsletter-scalping/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joseph-a-noel-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. Joseph A. Noel (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23208", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23208", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-26", "dateResolved": "2015-02-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Joseph A. Noel", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 300000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 315000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 45000, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joseph A. Noel, alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump. The release records disgorgement of $315,000, prejudgment interest of $45,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 26, 2015 as release LR-23208. The respondents named are Joseph A. Noel (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $315,000, prejudgment interest of $45,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-26", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23208" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23208" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joseph-a-noel-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mark-a-lefkowitz-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Mark A. Lefkowitz, et al. (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23206", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23206", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-24", "dateResolved": "2015-02-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Mark A. Lefkowitz, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 609763, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 136858, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "penny stock bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Mark A. Lefkowitz, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. The release records disgorgement of $609,763, prejudgment interest of $136,858.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 24, 2015 as release LR-23206. The respondents named are Mark A. Lefkowitz, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $609,763, prejudgment interest of $136,858. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: penny stock bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-24", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23206" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23206" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mark-a-lefkowitz-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-a-geringer-paid-stock-promotion-2015", "title": "SEC v. John A. Geringer (paid stock promotion, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23204", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23204", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-23", "dateResolved": "2015-02-23", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "John A. Geringer", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against John A. Geringer, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 23, 2015 as release LR-23204. The respondents named are John A. Geringer (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-23", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23204" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23204" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-a-geringer-paid-stock-promotion-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-scott-zeringue-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Scott Zeringue and Jesse Roberts, III (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23202", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23202", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-19", "dateResolved": "2015-02-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana", "defendants": [ { "name": "Scott Zeringue", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Jesse Roberts, III", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 765000, "penaltyUsd": 64012, "disgorgementUsd": 32006, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Scott Zeringue and Jesse Roberts, III, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records a civil penalty of $64,012, disgorgement of $32,006. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 19, 2015 as release LR-23202. The respondents named are Scott Zeringue and Jesse Roberts, III (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of Louisiana.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $64,012, disgorgement of $32,006. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-19", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23202" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23202" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-scott-zeringue-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-kristine-l-johnson-troy-a-barnes-work-with-troy-barnes-inc-d-b-a-the-achieve", "title": "SEC v. Kristine L. Johnson, Troy A. Barnes, Work with Troy Barnes, Inc. (d/b/a) The Achieve Community, Defendants, and Achieve International, LLC, Relief Defendant (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23198", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23198", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-18", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Kristine L. Johnson, Troy A. Barnes, Work with Troy Barnes, Inc. (d/b/a) The Achieve Community, Defendants,", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Achieve International, LLC, Relief Defendant", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Kristine L. Johnson, Troy A. Barnes, Work with Troy Barnes, Inc. (d/b/a) The Achieve Community, Defendants, and Achieve International, LLC, Relief Defendant, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 18, 2015 as release LR-23198. The respondents named are Kristine L. Johnson, Troy A. Barnes, Work with Troy Barnes, Inc. (d/b/a) The Achieve Community, Defendants, and Achieve International, LLC, Relief Defendant (0 individuals, 2 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23198" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23198" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-kristine-l-johnson-troy-a-barnes-work-with-troy-barnes-inc-d-b-a-the-achieve/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-steven-b-hart-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Steven B. Hart (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23200", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23200", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-18", "dateResolved": "2015-02-18", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Steven B. Hart", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Steven B. Hart, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 18, 2015 as release LR-23200. The respondents named are Steven B. Hart (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-18", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23200" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23200" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-steven-b-hart-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-caledonian-bank-ltd-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015", "title": "SEC v. Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al. (unregistered distributions, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23195", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23195", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 11, 2015 as release LR-23195. The respondents named are Caledonian Bank Ltd., et al. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-11", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23195" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23195" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-caledonian-bank-ltd-et-al-unregistered-distributions-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-hill-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Hill and Charles L., Jr. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74249", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74249.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74249.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-02-11", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Hill", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Charles L., Jr.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Hill and Charles L., Jr., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 11, 2015 as release 34-74249. The respondents named are Hill and Charles L., Jr. (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-11", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74249.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74249.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-hill-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-mountain-share-transfer-llc-and-erik-sterling-nelson-undisclosed-control-blo", "title": "SEC v. Mountain Share Transfer, LLC and Erik Sterling Nelson (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74226", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74226.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74226.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-02-06", "dateResolved": "2015-02-06", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Mountain Share Transfer, LLC and Erik Sterling Nelson", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 10000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Mountain Share Transfer, LLC and Erik Sterling Nelson, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records a civil penalty of $10,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 6, 2015 as release 34-74226. The respondents named are Mountain Share Transfer, LLC and Erik Sterling Nelson (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $10,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-06", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74226.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74226.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-mountain-share-transfer-llc-and-erik-sterling-nelson-undisclosed-control-blo/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-john-gray-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2015", "title": "SEC v. John Gray et al. (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23189", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23189", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-05", "dateResolved": "2015-02-05", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "John Gray et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with John Gray et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 5, 2015 as release LR-23189. The respondents named are John Gray et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-05", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23189" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23189" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-john-gray-et-al-analyst-manipulation-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-joel-j-epstein-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Joel J. Epstein (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23187", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23187", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-03", "dateResolved": "2015-02-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Joel J. Epstein", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 237014, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 21599, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Joel J. Epstein, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $237,014, prejudgment interest of $21,599. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 3, 2015 as release LR-23187. The respondents named are Joel J. Epstein (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $237,014, prejudgment interest of $21,599. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23187" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23187" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-joel-j-epstein-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-phillip-cory-roberts-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Phillip Cory Roberts (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23186", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23186", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-02-03", "dateResolved": "2015-02-03", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "defendants": [ { "name": "Phillip Cory Roberts", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Phillip Cory Roberts, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on February 3, 2015 as release LR-23186. The respondents named are Phillip Cory Roberts (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California.\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-02-03", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23186" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23186" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-phillip-cory-roberts-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23184", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23184", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-30", "dateResolved": "2015-01-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "MRI International, Inc., et al.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 30, 2015 as release LR-23184. The respondents named are Edwin Yoshihiro Fujinaga and MRI International, Inc., et al. (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23184" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23184" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-edwin-yoshihiro-fujinaga-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-francisco-illarramendi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Francisco Illarramendi, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23185", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23185", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-30", "dateResolved": "2015-01-30", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut", "defendants": [ { "name": "Francisco Illarramendi, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Francisco Illarramendi, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 30, 2015 as release LR-23185. The respondents named are Francisco Illarramendi, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-30", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23185" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23185" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-francisco-illarramendi-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-international-capital-group-llc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. International Capital Group, LLC (reverse merger schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16366", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9717.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9717.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-29", "dateResolved": "2015-01-29", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "International Capital Group, LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "reverse-merger-schemes", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "bonds", "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": 150000, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": 1466595, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 203459, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "registration bar" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with International Capital Group, LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $1.5 million, prejudgment interest of $203,459.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2015 as release 3-16366. The respondents named are International Capital Group, LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as reverse merger schemes and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against bonds and equities, with OTC identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $1.5 million, prejudgment interest of $203,459. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: registration bar.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-29", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9717.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9717.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-international-capital-group-llc-reverse-merger-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/reverse-merger-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-loren-w-holzhueter-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Loren W. Holzhueter, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23182", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23182", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-29", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Loren W. Holzhueter, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Loren W. Holzhueter, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2015 as release LR-23182. The respondents named are Loren W. Holzhueter, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-29", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23182" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23182" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-loren-w-holzhueter-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-oppenheimer-co-inc-pump-and-dump-2015", "title": "SEC v. Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (pump and dump, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16361", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9711.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9711.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-27", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Oppenheimer & Co. Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "pump-and-dump", "unregistered-distributions" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 12000000, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission brought an action against Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as pump and dump and unregistered distributions. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 27, 2015 as release 3-16361. The respondents named are Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as pump and dump and unregistered distributions, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-27", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9711.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9711.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-oppenheimer-co-inc-pump-and-dump-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/pump-and-dump/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/unregistered-distributions/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-du-pasquier-co-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2015", "title": "SEC v. du Pasquier & Co., Inc. (naked short selling debate, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "IA-4004", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4004.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4004.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-21", "dateResolved": "2015-01-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "du Pasquier & Co., Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "naked-short-selling-debate" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with du Pasquier & Co., Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as naked short selling debate. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2015 as release IA-4004. The respondents named are du Pasquier & Co., Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as naked short selling debate, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4004.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/ia-4004.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-du-pasquier-co-inc-naked-short-selling-debate-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/naked-short-selling-debate/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-frederic-elm-f-k-a-frederic-elmaleh-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "SEC v. Frederic Elm f/k/a Frederic Elmaleh, et al. (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23175", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23175", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-21", "dateResolved": "2015-01-21", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Frederic Elm f/k/a Frederic Elmaleh, et al.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Frederic Elm f/k/a Frederic Elmaleh, et al., alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2015 as release LR-23175. The respondents named are Frederic Elm f/k/a Frederic Elmaleh, et al. (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-21", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23175" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23175" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-frederic-elm-f-k-a-frederic-elmaleh-et-al-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-robert-a-ramsey-cpa-insider-trading-2015", "title": "SEC v. Robert A. Ramsey, CPA (insider trading, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "34-74108", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74108.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74108.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-21", "dateResolved": "2015-01-21", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert A. Ramsey, CPA", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 130176, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": 5974, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Robert A. Ramsey, CPA, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release records disgorgement of $130,176, prejudgment interest of $5,974.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 21, 2015 as release 34-74108. The respondents named are Robert A. Ramsey, CPA (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $130,176, prejudgment interest of $5,974. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-21", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74108.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/34-74108.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-robert-a-ramsey-cpa-insider-trading-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-charles-irizarry-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Charles Irizarry (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16341", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9701.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9701.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-15", "dateResolved": "2015-01-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Charles Irizarry", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Charles Irizarry, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $6,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 15, 2015 as release 3-16341. The respondents named are Charles Irizarry (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9701.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9701.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-charles-irizarry-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-stuart-carnie-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Stuart Carnie (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16340", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9700.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9700.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-15", "dateResolved": "2015-01-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Stuart Carnie", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 6000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Stuart Carnie, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $6,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 15, 2015 as release 3-16340. The respondents named are Stuart Carnie (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $6,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9700.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9700.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-stuart-carnie-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-wayne-middleton-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015", "title": "SEC v. Wayne Middleton (undisclosed control blocks, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "3-16342", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9702.pdf", "complaintUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9702.pdf", "dateFiled": "2015-01-15", "dateResolved": "2015-01-15", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Wayne Middleton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "undisclosed-control-blocks" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": 4000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission settled an action with Wayne Middleton, alleging conduct this library classifies as undisclosed control blocks. The release records disgorgement of $4,000.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 15, 2015 as release 3-16342. The respondents named are Wayne Middleton (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as undisclosed control blocks, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is disgorgement of $4,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-15", "event": "Administrative proceeding instituted (cease-and-desist)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9702.pdf" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC order", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2015/33-9702.pdf" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-wayne-middleton-undisclosed-control-blocks-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/undisclosed-control-blocks/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-allied-markets-llc-ponzi-schemes-2015", "title": "CFTC v. Allied Markets LLC (ponzi schemes, 2015)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7100-15", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7100-15", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Allied Markets LLC", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2015, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Allied Markets LLC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2015 as release 7100-15. The respondents named are Allied Markets LLC (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7100-15" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7100-15" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-allied-markets-llc-ponzi-schemes-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "sec-aleksandr-milrud-layering-2015", "title": "SEC v. Aleksandr Milrud (layering, 2015)", "agency": "SEC", "releaseNumber": "LR-23173", "releaseUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23173", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2015-01-13", "dateResolved": "2015-01-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Aleksandr Milrud", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "layering" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2015, the Securities and Exchange Commission obtained a judgment against Aleksandr Milrud, alleging conduct this library classifies as layering. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Securities and Exchange Commission announced this matter on January 13, 2015 as release LR-23173. The respondents named are Aleksandr Milrud (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as layering, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2015-01-13", "event": "Litigation release published", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23173" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "SEC litigation release", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-23173" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/sec-aleksandr-milrud-layering-2015/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/layering/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-royal-bank-wash-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Royal Bank (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7086-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7086-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-12-19", "dateResolved": "2014-12-19", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Royal Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 35000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Royal Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $35 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 19, 2014 as release 7086-14. The respondents named are Royal Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $35 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-12-19", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7086-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7086-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-royal-bank-wash-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-five-banks-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Five Banks (benchmark submission rigging, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7056-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7056-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-11-13", "dateResolved": "2014-11-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Five Banks", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "fx-fixing", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1400000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Five Banks, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $1.4 billion. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 13, 2014 as release 7056-14. The respondents named are Five Banks (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, fx fixing and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.4 billion. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-11-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7056-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7056-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-five-banks-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/fx-fixing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-7052-14-wash-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7052-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7052-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-11-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2014 as release 7052-14. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Middle District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7052-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7052-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-7052-14-wash-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-mf-global-inc-boiler-rooms-2014", "title": "CFTC v. MF Global Inc. (boiler rooms, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7051-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7051-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-11-07", "dateResolved": "2014-11-07", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "MF Global Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "boiler-rooms", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with MF Global Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as boiler rooms and wash trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2014 as release 7051-14. The respondents named are MF Global Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as boiler rooms and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7051-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7051-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-mf-global-inc-boiler-rooms-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/boiler-rooms/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendant-eric-moncada-price-manipulation-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Defendant Eric Moncada (price manipulation, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7026-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7026-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-10-02", "dateResolved": "2014-10-02", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendant Eric Moncada", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1560000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendant Eric Moncada, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.6 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 2, 2014 as release 7026-14. The respondents named are Defendant Eric Moncada (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.6 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-10-02", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7026-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7026-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendant-eric-moncada-price-manipulation-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendant-daniel-shak-price-manipulation-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Defendant Daniel Shak (price manipulation, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7020-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7020-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-10-01", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Columbia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendant Daniel Shak", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Defendant Daniel Shak, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $400,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2014 as release 7020-14. The respondents named are Defendant Daniel Shak (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Columbia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7020-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7020-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendant-daniel-shak-price-manipulation-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-utah-resident-scott-a-beatty-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Utah Resident Scott A. Beatty and his Company (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7022-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7022-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-10-01", "dateResolved": "2014-10-01", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Utah Resident Scott A. Beatty and his Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": 825000, "penaltyUsd": 1000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Utah Resident Scott A. Beatty and his Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 1, 2014 as release 7022-14. The respondents named are Utah Resident Scott A. Beatty and his Company (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-10-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7022-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7022-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-utah-resident-scott-a-beatty-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-fan-zhang-wash-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Fan Zhang (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7019-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7019-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-30", "dateResolved": "2014-09-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Fan Zhang", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 250000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Fan Zhang, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $250,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2014 as release 7019-14. The respondents named are Fan Zhang (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $250,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7019-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7019-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-fan-zhang-wash-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-illinois-resident-gerald-j-considine-settlement-price-manipulation-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Illinois Resident Gerald J. Considine and His Companies (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7018-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7018-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-30", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Illinois Resident Gerald J. Considine", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Companies", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "fx" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Illinois Resident Gerald J. Considine and His Companies, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 30, 2014 as release 7018-14. The respondents named are Illinois Resident Gerald J. Considine and His Companies (2 individuals, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against fx.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7018-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7018-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-illinois-resident-gerald-j-considine-settlement-price-manipulation-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-absa-bank-wash-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Absa Bank (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7013-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7013-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-26", "dateResolved": "2014-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Absa Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Absa Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2014 as release 7013-14. The respondents named are Absa Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7013-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7013-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-absa-bank-wash-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ohio-resident-john-r-bullar-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Ohio Resident John R. Bullar and his Company (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7006-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7006-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-24", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ohio Resident John R. Bullar and his Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Ohio Resident John R. Bullar and his Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes and wash trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 24, 2014 as release 7006-14. The respondents named are Ohio Resident John R. Bullar and his Company (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7006-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7006-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ohio-resident-john-r-bullar-and-his-company-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ohio-resident-glen-galemmo-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Ohio Resident Glen Galemmo (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7001-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7001-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ohio Resident Glen Galemmo", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Ohio Resident Glen Galemmo, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2014 as release 7001-14. The respondents named are Ohio Resident Glen Galemmo (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7001-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7001-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ohio-resident-glen-galemmo-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-sac-lp-insider-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. SAC LP (insider trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7002-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7002-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-17", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "SAC LP", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against SAC LP, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 17, 2014 as release 7002-14. The respondents named are SAC LP (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-17", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7002-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7002-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-sac-lp-insider-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-brian-hunter-price-manipulation-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Brian Hunter (price manipulation, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "7000-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7000-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-16", "dateResolved": "2014-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Brian Hunter", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 7500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Brian Hunter, alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $7.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2014 as release 7000-14. The respondents named are Brian Hunter (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $7.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7000-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7000-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-brian-hunter-price-manipulation-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-morgan-stanley-smith-barney-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6998-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6998-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-09-16", "dateResolved": "2014-09-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Morgan Stanley Smith Barney", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 280000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $280,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 16, 2014 as release 6998-14. The respondents named are Morgan Stanley Smith Barney (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $280,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-09-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6998-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6998-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-morgan-stanley-smith-barney-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-firstrand-bank-wash-trading-2014", "title": "CFTC v. FirstRand Bank (wash trading, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6985-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6985-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-08-28", "dateResolved": "2014-08-28", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "FirstRand Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CBOT", "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against FirstRand Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 28, 2014 as release 6985-14. The respondents named are FirstRand Bank (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CBOT, CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-08-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6985-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6985-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-firstrand-bank-wash-trading-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-north-carolina-resident-edwin-a-vasquez-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. North Carolina Resident Edwin A. Vasquez and His Company Vasquez Global Investments (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6974-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6974-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-08-08", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Carolina Resident Edwin A. Vasquez", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "His Company Vasquez Global Investments", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "equities" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against North Carolina Resident Edwin A. Vasquez and His Company Vasquez Global Investments, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 8, 2014 as release 6974-14. The respondents named are North Carolina Resident Edwin A. Vasquez and His Company Vasquez Global Investments (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-08-08", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6974-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6974-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-north-carolina-resident-edwin-a-vasquez-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-parnon-energy-inc-settlement-price-manipulation-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Parnon Energy Inc. (price manipulation, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6971-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6971-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-08-05", "dateResolved": "2014-08-05", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Parnon Energy Inc.", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 13000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Parnon Energy Inc., alleging conduct this library classifies as price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $13 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 5, 2014 as release 6971-14. The respondents named are Parnon Energy Inc. (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $13 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-08-05", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6971-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6971-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-parnon-energy-inc-settlement-price-manipulation-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-lloyds-banking-group-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Lloyds Banking Group and Lloyds Bank (benchmark submission rigging, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6966-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6966-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-07-29", "dateResolved": "2014-07-29", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Lloyds Banking Group", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Lloyds Bank", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "cash-vs-derivatives-schemes", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 105000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Lloyds Banking Group and Lloyds Bank, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, cash vs derivatives schemes and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $105 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 29, 2014 as release 6966-14. The respondents named are Lloyds Banking Group and Lloyds Bank (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, cash vs derivatives schemes and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $105 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-07-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6966-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6966-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-lloyds-banking-group-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/cash-vs-derivatives-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-robert-andres-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Robert Andres (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6950-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6950-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-06-20", "dateResolved": "2014-06-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "Robert Andres", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 32370000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Robert Andres, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $32.4 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 20, 2014 as release 6950-14. The respondents named are Robert Andres (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $32.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-06-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6950-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6950-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-robert-andres-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-rp-martin-holdings-limited-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014", "title": "CFTC v. RP Martin Holdings Limited and Its Subsidiary (benchmark submission rigging, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6930-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6930-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-05-16", "dateResolved": "2014-05-16", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "RP Martin Holdings Limited", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Its Subsidiary", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against RP Martin Holdings Limited and Its Subsidiary, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, price manipulation and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.2 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 16, 2014 as release 6930-14. The respondents named are RP Martin Holdings Limited and Its Subsidiary (1 individual, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, price manipulation and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-05-16", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6930-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6930-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-rp-martin-holdings-limited-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6900-14-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6900-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6900-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-04-01", "dateResolved": "2014-04-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5760000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.8 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 1, 2014 as release 6900-14. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.8 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-04-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6900-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6900-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6900-14-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-ward-onsa-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Ward Onsa (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6902-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6902-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-04-01", "dateResolved": "2014-04-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Ward Onsa", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [ "options" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5700000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 78, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants Ward Onsa, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.7 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 78 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 1, 2014 as release 6902-14. The respondents named are Defendants Ward Onsa (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against options.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 78 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-04-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6902-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6902-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-ward-onsa-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6887-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6887-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-03-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2200000, "disgorgementUsd": 1146399, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Defendants, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.2 million, disgorgement of $1.1 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 22, 2014 as release 6887-14. The respondents named are Defendants (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.2 million, disgorgement of $1.1 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-03-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6887-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6887-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-south-carolina-residents-robert-s-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. South Carolina Residents Robert S. and Amy L. Leben (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6881-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6881-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-03-20", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "South Carolina Residents Robert S.", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Amy L. Leben", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against South Carolina Residents Robert S. and Amy L. Leben, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 20, 2014 as release 6881-14. The respondents named are South Carolina Residents Robert S. and Amy L. Leben (2 individuals, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-03-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6881-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6881-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-south-carolina-residents-robert-s-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-dimitry-vishnevetsky-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Dimitry Vishnevetsky (benchmark submission rigging, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6875-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6875-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-03-11", "dateResolved": "2014-03-11", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Dimitry Vishnevetsky", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1910982, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Dimitry Vishnevetsky, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging. The release records a civil penalty of $1.9 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 11, 2014 as release 6875-14. The respondents named are Dimitry Vishnevetsky (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.9 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-03-11", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6875-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6875-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-dimitry-vishnevetsky-benchmark-submission-rigging-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-harbor-light-asset-ponzi-schemes-2014", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Harbor Light Asset (ponzi schemes, 2014)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6855-14", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6855-14", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2014-02-12", "dateResolved": "2014-02-12", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Harbor Light Asset", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 5200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants Harbor Light Asset, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $5.2 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 12, 2014 as release 6855-14. The respondents named are Defendants Harbor Light Asset (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $5.2 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2014-02-12", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6855-14" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6855-14" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-harbor-light-asset-ponzi-schemes-2014/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-david-m-nunn-wash-trading-2013", "title": "CFTC v. David M. Nunn (wash trading, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6798-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6798-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-12-20", "dateResolved": "2013-12-20", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "David M. Nunn", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 600000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against David M. Nunn, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $600,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 20, 2013 as release 6798-13. The respondents named are David M. Nunn (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $600,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-12-20", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6798-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6798-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-david-m-nunn-wash-trading-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-david-r-lynch-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. David R. Lynch (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6793-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6793-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-12-13", "dateResolved": "2013-12-13", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "David R. Lynch", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 300000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against David R. Lynch, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $300,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on December 13, 2013 as release 6793-13. The respondents named are David R. Lynch (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $300,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-12-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6793-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6793-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-david-r-lynch-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-of-attempted-manipulation-of-nymex-crude-oil-futures-contracts-banging-the-", "title": "CFTC v. of Attempted Manipulation of NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Contracts (banging the close, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6781-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6781-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-11-26", "dateResolved": "2013-11-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "of Attempted Manipulation of NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Contracts", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "banging-the-close", "price-manipulation", "settlement-price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against of Attempted Manipulation of NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Contracts, alleging conduct this library classifies as banging the close, price manipulation and settlement price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $400,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 26, 2013 as release 6781-13. The respondents named are of Attempted Manipulation of NYMEX Crude Oil Futures Contracts (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as banging the close, price manipulation and settlement price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $400,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-11-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6781-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6781-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-of-attempted-manipulation-of-nymex-crude-oil-futures-contracts-banging-the-/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/banging-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/settlement-price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-donald-r-wilson-and-his-company-banging-the-close-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Donald R. Wilson and his Company (banging the close, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6766-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6766-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-11-07", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "Donald R. Wilson and his Company", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "banging-the-close", "price-manipulation", "settlement-price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "Nasdaq", "OTC" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Donald R. Wilson and his Company, alleging conduct this library classifies as banging the close, price manipulation and settlement price manipulation. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on November 7, 2013 as release 6766-13. The respondents named are Donald R. Wilson and his Company (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as banging the close, price manipulation and settlement price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with Nasdaq, OTC identified in the release.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-11-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6766-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6766-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-donald-r-wilson-and-his-company-banging-the-close-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/banging-the-close/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/settlement-price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-co-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Co (benchmark submission rigging, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6752-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6752-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-10-30", "dateResolved": "2013-10-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Co", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 475000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Co, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $475 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 30, 2013 as release 6752-13. The respondents named are Co (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $475 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-10-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6752-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6752-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-co-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ubs-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013", "title": "CFTC v. UBS (benchmark submission rigging, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6749-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6749-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-10-25", "dateResolved": "2013-10-25", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "UBS", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "ponzi-schemes", "spoofing", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": 5500000, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": 1400000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 235, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with UBS, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, ponzi schemes, spoofing and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $1.4 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 235 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on October 25, 2013 as release 6749-13. The respondents named are UBS (0 individuals, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, ponzi schemes, spoofing and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million, disgorgement of $1.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 235 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-10-25", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6749-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6749-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ubs-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-icap-europe-limited-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013", "title": "CFTC v. ICAP Europe Limited (benchmark submission rigging, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6708-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6708-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-09-26", "dateResolved": "2013-09-26", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "ICAP Europe Limited", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 65000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against ICAP Europe Limited, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation. The release records a civil penalty of $65 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on September 26, 2013 as release 6708-13. The respondents named are ICAP Europe Limited (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging and price manipulation, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $65 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-09-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6708-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6708-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-icap-europe-limited-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6676-13-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6676-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6676-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-08-27", "dateResolved": "2013-08-27", "status": "settled", "court": null, "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 350000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $350,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on August 27, 2013 as release 6676-13. The respondents named are the named respondents.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $350,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-08-27", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6676-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6676-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6676-13-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-panther-energy-trading-llc-and-its-principal-michael-j-coscia-spoofing-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Panther Energy Trading LLC and its Principal Michael J. Coscia (spoofing, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6649-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6649-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-07-23", "dateResolved": "2013-07-23", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Panther Energy Trading LLC and its Principal Michael J. Coscia", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "spoofing" ], "assetClass": [ "commodities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "ICE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1400000, "disgorgementUsd": 1400000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Panther Energy Trading LLC and its Principal Michael J. Coscia, alleging conduct this library classifies as spoofing. The release records a civil penalty of $1.4 million, disgorgement of $1.4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 23, 2013 as release 6649-13. The respondents named are Panther Energy Trading LLC and its Principal Michael J. Coscia (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as spoofing, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against commodities and futures, with CME, ICE identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.4 million, disgorgement of $1.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-07-23", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6649-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6649-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-panther-energy-trading-llc-and-its-principal-michael-j-coscia-spoofing-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/spoofing/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-texas-based-rff-gp-paid-stock-promotion-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Texas-based RFF GP (paid stock promotion, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6644-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6644-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-07-13", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas", "defendants": [ { "name": "Texas-based RFF GP", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "NYSE" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Texas-based RFF GP, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on July 13, 2013 as release 6644-13. The respondents named are Texas-based RFF GP (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with NYSE identified in the release.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-07-13", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6644-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6644-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-texas-based-rff-gp-paid-stock-promotion-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendant-christopher-varlesi-paid-stock-promotion-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Defendant Christopher Varlesi (paid stock promotion, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6619-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6619-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-06-26", "dateResolved": "2013-06-26", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendant Christopher Varlesi", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "paid-stock-promotion", "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 700000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendant Christopher Varlesi, alleging conduct this library classifies as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $700,000. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2013 as release 6619-13. The respondents named are Defendant Christopher Varlesi (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois.\n\nThis library tags the matter as paid stock promotion and ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $700,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-06-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6619-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6619-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendant-christopher-varlesi-paid-stock-promotion-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/paid-stock-promotion/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-north-carolina-resident-c-david-wright-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. North Carolina Resident C. David Wright (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6618-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6618-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-06-26", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "North Carolina Resident C. David Wright", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against North Carolina Resident C. David Wright, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 26, 2013 as release 6618-13. The respondents named are North Carolina Resident C. David Wright (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-06-26", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6618-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6618-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-north-carolina-resident-c-david-wright-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-bentley-equities-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Bentley Equities (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6599-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6599-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-06-05", "dateResolved": "2013-06-05", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Utah", "defendants": [ { "name": "Bentley Equities", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 150000, "disgorgementUsd": 2700000, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Bentley Equities, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $2.7 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on June 5, 2013 as release 6599-13. The respondents named are Bentley Equities (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of Utah.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $150,000, disgorgement of $2.7 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-06-05", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6599-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6599-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-bentley-equities-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-philip-milton-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants Philip Milton (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6593-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6593-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-05-24", "dateResolved": "2013-05-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants Philip Milton", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 4000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants Philip Milton, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 24, 2013 as release 6593-13. The respondents named are Defendants Philip Milton (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-05-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6593-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6593-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-philip-milton-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-christy-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Christy (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6591-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6591-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-05-21", "dateResolved": "2013-05-21", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [ { "name": "Christy", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with Christy, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 21, 2013 as release 6591-13. The respondents named are Christy (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-05-21", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6591-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6591-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-christy-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6586-13-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6586-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6586-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-05-14", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2490000, "disgorgementUsd": 302277, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $302,277.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 14, 2013 as release 6586-13. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.5 million, disgorgement of $302,277. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-05-14", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6586-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6586-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6586-13-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ron-eibschutz-insider-trading-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Ron Eibschutz (insider trading, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6584-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6584-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-05-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Ron Eibschutz", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Ron Eibschutz, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on May 9, 2013 as release 6584-13. The respondents named are Ron Eibschutz (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-05-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6584-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6584-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ron-eibschutz-insider-trading-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-kevin-mclaren-wash-trading-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Kevin McLaren (wash trading, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6576-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6576-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-04-30", "dateResolved": "2013-04-30", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Kevin McLaren", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 200000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [ "trading ban" ], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Kevin McLaren, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $200,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 30, 2013 as release 6576-13. The respondents named are Kevin McLaren (1 individual, 0 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against unclassified instruments, with CME identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $200,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nNon-monetary relief recorded: trading ban.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-04-30", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6576-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6576-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-kevin-mclaren-wash-trading-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6572-13-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6572-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6572-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-04-24", "dateResolved": "2013-04-24", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1500000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 36, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 36 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 24, 2013 as release 6572-13. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 36 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-04-24", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6572-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6572-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6572-13-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-defendants-pmc-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Defendants PMC (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6569-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6569-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-04-18", "dateResolved": "2013-04-18", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Defendants PMC", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 560000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Defendants PMC, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $560,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 18, 2013 as release 6569-13. The respondents named are Defendants PMC (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Western District of North Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $560,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-04-18", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6569-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6569-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-defendants-pmc-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-new-york-firm-4x-solutions-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. New York Firm 4X Solutions (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6559-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6559-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-04-09", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "New York Firm 4X Solutions", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against New York Firm 4X Solutions, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on April 9, 2013 as release 6559-13. The respondents named are New York Firm 4X Solutions (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-04-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6559-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6559-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-new-york-firm-4x-solutions-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-cilli-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Cilli (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6543-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6543-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-03-28", "dateResolved": null, "status": "unknown", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey", "defendants": [ { "name": "Cilli", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against Cilli, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release does not state a monetary figure that we were able to extract. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 28, 2013 as release 6543-13. The respondents named are Cilli (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-03-28", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6543-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6543-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-cilli-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-ronnie-gene-wilson-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Ronnie Gene Wilson (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6524-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6524-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-03-01", "dateResolved": "2013-03-01", "status": "judgment", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina", "defendants": [ { "name": "Ronnie Gene Wilson", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 23000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": 235, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Ronnie Gene Wilson, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $23 million. A parallel criminal matter produced a custodial sentence of 235 months.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on March 1, 2013 as release 6524-13. The respondents named are Ronnie Gene Wilson (1 individual, 0 entities). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $23 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nA parallel criminal proceeding is referenced, with a custodial sentence of 235 months recorded. Criminal and civil outcomes are tracked separately throughout this site.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-03-01", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6524-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6524-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-ronnie-gene-wilson-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-cme-group-s-new-york-mercantile-exchange-insider-trading-2013", "title": "CFTC v. CME Group’s New York Mercantile Exchange and Two Former Employees (insider trading, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6519-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6519-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-02-22", "dateResolved": null, "status": "filed", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "defendants": [ { "name": "CME Group’s New York Mercantile Exchange", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "Two Former Employees", "type": "individual", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "insider-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "NYMEX" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": null, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought an action against CME Group’s New York Mercantile Exchange and Two Former Employees, alleging conduct this library classifies as insider trading. No monetary relief has been recorded at this stage; the matter is an allegation and remains unproven.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 22, 2013 as release 6519-13. The respondents named are CME Group’s New York Mercantile Exchange and Two Former Employees (1 individual, 1 entity). The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.\n\nThis library tags the matter as insider trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against futures, with CME, NYMEX identified in the release.\n\nThis matter is at the allegation stage. Nothing in the regulator's filing has been proven, and the respondents are entitled to the presumption that it has not been. This page will be updated if the matter is resolved, dismissed or withdrawn.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-02-22", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6519-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6519-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-cme-group-s-new-york-mercantile-exchange-insider-trading-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/insider-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-gelber-group-wash-trading-2013", "title": "CFTC v. Gelber Group (wash trading, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6512-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6512-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-02-09", "dateResolved": "2013-02-09", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "Gelber Group", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [ "equities", "futures" ], "instruments": [], "venue": [ "CME", "ICE", "Nasdaq" ], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 750000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against Gelber Group, alleging conduct this library classifies as wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $750,000.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 9, 2013 as release 6512-13. The respondents named are Gelber Group (0 individuals, 1 entity).\n\nThis library tags the matter as wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe conduct is recorded against equities and futures, with CME, ICE, Nasdaq identified in the release.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $750,000. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-02-09", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6512-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6512-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-gelber-group-wash-trading-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6511-13-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6511-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6511-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-02-07", "dateResolved": "2013-02-07", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 2400000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $2.4 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2013 as release 6511-13. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $2.4 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-02-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6511-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6511-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6511-13-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-the-royal-bank-of-scotland-plc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013", "title": "CFTC v. The Royal Bank of Scotland plc and RBS Securities Japan Limited (benchmark submission rigging, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6510-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6510-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-02-07", "dateResolved": "2013-02-07", "status": "judgment", "court": null, "defendants": [ { "name": "The Royal Bank of Scotland plc", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null }, { "name": "RBS Securities Japan Limited", "type": "entity", "personSlug": null } ], "techniques": [ "benchmark-submission-rigging", "price-manipulation", "wash-trading" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 325000000, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": true, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission obtained a judgment against The Royal Bank of Scotland plc and RBS Securities Japan Limited, alleging conduct this library classifies as benchmark submission rigging, price manipulation and wash trading. The release records a civil penalty of $325 million. A parallel criminal matter is referenced in the release.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on February 7, 2013 as release 6510-13. The respondents named are The Royal Bank of Scotland plc and RBS Securities Japan Limited (0 individuals, 2 entities).\n\nThis library tags the matter as benchmark submission rigging, price manipulation and wash trading, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $325 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nThe release references a parallel criminal proceeding. Where a criminal case exists, the civil and criminal outcomes are recorded separately, because they resolve on different standards of proof.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-02-07", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6510-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6510-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-the-royal-bank-of-scotland-plc-benchmark-submission-rigging-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/benchmark-submission-rigging/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/price-manipulation/", "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/wash-trading/" ] }, { "slug": "cftc-6504-13-ponzi-schemes-2013", "title": "CFTC v. unnamed respondents (ponzi schemes, 2013)", "agency": "CFTC", "releaseNumber": "6504-13", "releaseUrl": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6504-13", "complaintUrl": null, "dateFiled": "2013-01-29", "dateResolved": "2013-01-29", "status": "settled", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia", "defendants": [], "techniques": [ "ponzi-schemes" ], "assetClass": [], "instruments": [], "venue": [], "allegedGainUsd": null, "penaltyUsd": 1541882, "disgorgementUsd": null, "prejudgmentInterestUsd": null, "criminalParallel": false, "sentenceMonths": null, "barsImposed": [], "summary": "In 2013, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission settled an action with the named respondents, alleging conduct this library classifies as ponzi schemes. The release records a civil penalty of $1.5 million.", "narrative": "the Commodity Futures Trading Commission announced this matter on January 29, 2013 as release 6504-13. The respondents named are the named respondents. The action was brought in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia.\n\nThis library tags the matter as ponzi schemes, based on the conduct the regulator describes. Each tag links to a page explaining how that technique works, what statute it engages, and what penalties comparable actions have attracted. The tagging is ours, not the regulator's: agencies charge statutory provisions, not technique names.\n\nThe relief recorded in our data is a civil monetary penalty of $1.5 million. Penalty and disgorgement are distinct: disgorgement returns the gain, while the penalty is punitive. We store them separately so that aggregate figures across the library are not double-counted.\n\nFor the regulator's own account of the facts, read the primary document linked above. This page deliberately summarises the structured record rather than reproducing the release.", "timeline": [ { "date": "2013-01-29", "event": "CFTC release published", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6504-13" } ], "documents": [ { "label": "CFTC release", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/6504-13" } ], "sourceType": "us-government-work", "ingestedAt": "2026-09-08", "reviewed": false, "url": "https://marketmanipulation.org/cases/cftc-6504-13-ponzi-schemes-2013/", "techniqueUrls": [ "https://marketmanipulation.org/techniques/ponzi-schemes/" ] } ] }