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Monetary relief ordered per year

Aggregate relief is dominated by a small number of very large settlements: in most years, the single largest action accounts for a substantial share of the annual total, which is why the median penalty on each technique page is a better guide to a typical outcome than any yearly total.

Civil penalties and disgorgement ordered per yearA stacked column chart of monetary relief per year, separating civil penalties from disgorgement. Penalties are punitive; disgorgement returns gains. They are shown separately because adding them together and calling the result a fine double-counts the harm. $0 $5bn $10bn $15bn $20bn20132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026USD ordered2013 - Civil penalty: $907m2013 - Disgorgement: $6m2014 - Civil penalty: $1.6bn2014 - Disgorgement: $1m2015 - Civil penalty: $1.4bn2015 - Disgorgement: $312m2016 - Civil penalty: $527m2016 - Disgorgement: $752m2017 - Civil penalty: $181m2017 - Disgorgement: $782m2018 - Civil penalty: $854m2018 - Disgorgement: $163m2019 - Civil penalty: $120m2019 - Disgorgement: $102m2020 - Civil penalty: $199m2020 - Disgorgement: $572m2021 - Civil penalty: $63m2021 - Disgorgement: $685m2022 - Civil penalty: $1.3bn2022 - Disgorgement: $322m2023 - Civil penalty: $1.9bn2023 - Disgorgement: $107m2024 - Civil penalty: $305m2024 - Disgorgement: $14.9bn2025 - Civil penalty: $6bn2025 - Disgorgement: $56m2026 - Civil penalty: $17m2026 - Disgorgement: $25mCivil penaltyDisgorgement
Civil penalties and disgorgement recorded per year across the manipulation actions in this library.

How this was calculated

Penalty and disgorgement figures are extracted from the text of the regulator’s own release and stored in separate fields. Where a release states no figure, the case contributes zero to the total rather than being excluded, so these are lower bounds. Amounts are nominal US dollars and are not inflation-adjusted.

What this chart does not show

  • These are nominal dollars. Comparing 2015 with 2026 without adjusting for inflation overstates growth.
  • Figures are lower bounds: a release that does not state an amount contributes zero.
  • Penalty and disgorgement are different things and are shown separately. Adding them and describing the result as a fine is wrong.
  • Amounts ordered are not amounts collected. Collection rates are not published consistently and are not tracked here.
  • International actions denominated in other currencies are recorded with null monetary fields rather than being converted, so they contribute nothing to these totals.

Source

Computed from this site's own case library, which is compiled from the primary releases of the issuing regulators. Regenerated on every build, so the figures move as cases are added.

Regenerated 2026-09-08

Reuse

Free to reuse with attribution. The chart, the underlying figures and the CSV below are published under CC BY 4.0. Credit Market Manipulation and link back to this page. The regulator releases the data is compiled from are separately available at their own sources, listed on our sources page.

The data

Download CSV · the same figures are rendered below so the page is complete without downloading anything.

Monetary relief ordered per year — full dataset
yearpenalty_usddisgorgement_usdactions_with_penaltyactions_total
201390684188258022772028
2014161863098211463991927
2015136332622531217347434205
201652706389875231660048179
201718124411678157137242210
201885411406516315196152221
201911961829110247333637181
202019899253257248405742178
20216305100968518741930142
2022126138902832184418431174
2023193108240810661873434202
20243046907961485661848841182
202560104735225649077523103
202616972417254069631585

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