Terms of use
This site is provided for education and reference. Nothing on it is legal advice or investment advice, it does not create any professional relationship, and it comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for any purpose.
Not legal advice
Nothing on this site is legal advice. It is general information about how markets work and about what regulators have alleged in public filings. It is not a substitute for advice from a qualified lawyer in your jurisdiction, it does not account for your circumstances, and reading it creates no lawyer-client relationship with anyone.
Statutes and rules are described in general terms and change over time. Where a page cites a provision, it links the primary text — read that, and take advice, before acting on anything here.
Not investment advice
Nothing on this site is investment advice, and none of it is a recommendation to buy, sell or hold anything. No page here should be read as an opinion on the merits of any security, commodity, token or issuer.
Descriptions of manipulation techniques are explanations of how schemes work, offered so that readers can recognise them. They are not instructions, and the site does not provide operational detail that would be useful to someone attempting to run one.
Accuracy
This site is compiled substantially by automated processes from public documents. Records marked as unreviewed have not been checked by a person and are labelled as such on the page and in the data export.
Where this site and a primary source disagree, the primary source is correct. Every case page links its primary documents for that reason. Verify before relying on any figure.
The site is provided as is, without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including as to accuracy, completeness, or fitness for a particular purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the operators accept no liability for any loss arising from use of or reliance on this site.
Enforcement actions and allegations
Enforcement actions described here are drawn from public regulatory and court filings.
Where a matter has not been resolved, the conduct described is alleged and unproven. Respondents in such matters are entitled to the presumption that the allegations have not been established, and the site describes them accordingly. A settlement entered without admission establishes an outcome, not a finding of fact.
If a matter described here has been dismissed, withdrawn, or resolved in a respondent’s favour, please tell us and we will record it prominently.
Content and licensing
Our own writing, taxonomy, classification and compiled datasets are published under CC BY 4.0. You may reuse them, including commercially, with attribution and a link to this site.
Documents published by the SEC, CFTC and DOJ are works of the United States government and are not subject to copyright. Documents published by other bodies remain subject to their own terms; this site links to them rather than reproducing them.
Acceptable use
You may read, link to, quote and download from this site freely. Automated access to the published data exports is expressly welcome — that is what they are for.
Please do not scrape the HTML pages when a data export would serve; do not attempt to disrupt the site; and do not present this site’s compiled data as your own original research.
Changes
These terms may change. The date at the top of this page records when they were last updated.
Contact
Questions about these terms: editor@example.com. Corrections should go through the corrections process.