Outlier

An outlier is an observation far from the rest of the data. This site's charts show outliers rather than removing them, because in enforcement data the outliers are usually the most consequential cases.

data and analysis · updated 2026-09-08

See also

• Skew — Skew describes the asymmetry of a distribution. Enforcement penalties are heavily right-skewed: most are modest, and a few are eno…
• Interquartile range — The interquartile range is the span between the twenty-fifth and seventy-fifth percentiles, covering the middle half of the data. …

Terms that refer here

Box plot · Skew

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